The robustness ofA. awamori and A. oryzae as enzyme producers is exploited in fungal fermentation on agricultural solid waste. High-level production of extracellular glucoamylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase has ...The robustness ofA. awamori and A. oryzae as enzyme producers is exploited in fungal fermentation on agricultural solid waste. High-level production of extracellular glucoamylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase has been achieved. Three different types of ＇waste＇ solids （wheat bran, soybean hulls and rapeseed meal） have been used in studies of solid state fermentation （SSF）. The enzymes could be produced in significant levels by continuously supplying oxygen （02） through the tray system known as ＂closed＂ and ＂opened＂ tray systems. A perforated tray system was developed in this study that permits direct access to 02. Testing the tray system with different perforated mesh aperture sizes in this study did not yield different results in growth performance of A. awamori and A. oryzae. A. awamori and A. oryzae can be very versatile in producing various enzymes with different substrates with different starch, protein, hemiceilulose and cellulose contents. These studies indicate that A. awamori is more suitable for the efficient production of multiple enzymes in the closed system including xylanase and cellulase, while the production of glucoamylase and protease is superior in the opened system. A. oryzae is more suitable for the efficient production of protease and cellulase in the closed system, while the production of protease is more favourable the opened system. A. awamori efficiently consumed starch in wheat bran medium and produced very high glucoamylase activity, and after that, the fungus efficiently produced other enzymes to degrade other complex nutrients such as protein, hemicellulose and cellulose. Meanwhile, A. oryzae efficiently consumed protein in rapeseed meal and produced very high protease activity. The ability of both filamentous fungi, to convert biomass through SSF bioconversion will have a great impact on food and agro-industry in every aspect of life from food and medicine to fuel.展开更多
The paper presents a procedure to design water network. First of all, water reuse system, water regeneration reuse system (including regeneration recycle) and wastewater treatment system are designed separately. But t...The paper presents a procedure to design water network. First of all, water reuse system, water regeneration reuse system (including regeneration recycle) and wastewater treatment system are designed separately. But the interaction between different parts demands that each part is designed iteratively to optimize the whole water network. Therefore, on the basis of the separated design a water netvrork superstructure including reuse, regeneration and wastewater treatment is established from the system engineering point of view. And a multi-objective adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm is adopted to simultaneously integrate the overall water netvrork to balance the economic and environmental effects. The algorithm overcomes the defect of local optimum of simulated annealing (SA), avoids the pre-maturation of genetic algorithm (GA) and finds a set of solutions (pareto front) in acceptable computer time. Prom the pareto front, a point with minimum fresh water consumption will be extended to zero discharge as our ultimate goal.展开更多
文摘The robustness ofA. awamori and A. oryzae as enzyme producers is exploited in fungal fermentation on agricultural solid waste. High-level production of extracellular glucoamylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase has been achieved. Three different types of ＇waste＇ solids （wheat bran, soybean hulls and rapeseed meal） have been used in studies of solid state fermentation （SSF）. The enzymes could be produced in significant levels by continuously supplying oxygen （02） through the tray system known as ＂closed＂ and ＂opened＂ tray systems. A perforated tray system was developed in this study that permits direct access to 02. Testing the tray system with different perforated mesh aperture sizes in this study did not yield different results in growth performance of A. awamori and A. oryzae. A. awamori and A. oryzae can be very versatile in producing various enzymes with different substrates with different starch, protein, hemiceilulose and cellulose contents. These studies indicate that A. awamori is more suitable for the efficient production of multiple enzymes in the closed system including xylanase and cellulase, while the production of glucoamylase and protease is superior in the opened system. A. oryzae is more suitable for the efficient production of protease and cellulase in the closed system, while the production of protease is more favourable the opened system. A. awamori efficiently consumed starch in wheat bran medium and produced very high glucoamylase activity, and after that, the fungus efficiently produced other enzymes to degrade other complex nutrients such as protein, hemicellulose and cellulose. Meanwhile, A. oryzae efficiently consumed protein in rapeseed meal and produced very high protease activity. The ability of both filamentous fungi, to convert biomass through SSF bioconversion will have a great impact on food and agro-industry in every aspect of life from food and medicine to fuel.
文摘The paper presents a procedure to design water network. First of all, water reuse system, water regeneration reuse system (including regeneration recycle) and wastewater treatment system are designed separately. But the interaction between different parts demands that each part is designed iteratively to optimize the whole water network. Therefore, on the basis of the separated design a water netvrork superstructure including reuse, regeneration and wastewater treatment is established from the system engineering point of view. And a multi-objective adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm is adopted to simultaneously integrate the overall water netvrork to balance the economic and environmental effects. The algorithm overcomes the defect of local optimum of simulated annealing (SA), avoids the pre-maturation of genetic algorithm (GA) and finds a set of solutions (pareto front) in acceptable computer time. Prom the pareto front, a point with minimum fresh water consumption will be extended to zero discharge as our ultimate goal.
