杭嘉湖平原耕地多功能时空动态演变分析

以分析耕地多功能权衡与协同关系为契机,实现耕地利用效率评价,以及耕地利用综合效益的提高和耕地资源与环境的保护。通过ArcGIS10.5、Fragstas4.2、斯皮尔曼秩相关和空间自相关等分析法综合研究发现:(1)物质产出、生态环境、景观美学以及劳动承载力功能的趋势持续增强,其中物质产出与景观美学相较于生态环境与劳动力承载增强较快,劳动力承载功能变化最平稳。(2)耕地各功能间主要呈协同作用,且随时间推移协同程度不断减弱,权衡作用相反。(3)耕地多功能权衡与协同呈现较强的集聚性特征,部分耕地功能空间格局随时间变化较大。同一功能中,物质产出的空间格局较其余三种稳定;不同功能中,物质产出与景观美学间协同较强,生态环境与劳动力承载间权衡较强。故在改善耕地本底质量、合理引导劳动力流向和发展现代观光农业的同时,应加强县域内各部门以及县际之间的合作,科学划定功能区;促进耕地多功能协同,增强耕地综合效益。

传统村落多功能发展特征识别、类型划分与差异化引导——以安徽省黟县44个中国传统村落为例

揭示多功能发展特征、划定多功能协同发展类型是传统村落传承保护与活化利用的现实需要,是传统村落保护发展研究的重要议题。以黟县44个中国传统村落为研究对象,采用多指标综合法及耦合协调模型,科学测度传统村落多功能发展水平及协同状态,并基于此进一步划分传统村落类型,针对性提出传统村落多功能发展引导策略。结果表明:(1)黟县传统村落多功能发展村际差异显著,优势功能和短板功能并存,多功能系统内部协同水平较低,大部分村落多功能协同水平处于过渡协调及失调衰退状态;(2)依据传统村落多功能协同状态,黟县传统村落可划分为协调发展类、过渡协调类及失调衰退类三个主类,进而根据村落优势和短板功能进一步划分出综合发展型、生活居住型、田园观光型、特色产业型及功能衰微型五个亚型;(3)需对不同类型传统村落进行差异化引导,即全面提升协调发展类村落发展品质及区域联动水平,促进过渡协调类村落特色化发展,引导失调衰退类村落精明收缩和适应性转型。研究强调需针对传统村落多功能协同发展状态,差异化引导传统村落保护与利用,以期为传统村落保护发展提供理论支撑和实践指引。

仿生轻质结构在飞机大开口区的应用及其优化设计

将一种新型的仿甲虫鞘翅轻质结构应用于飞机大开口区的筋板结构设计,根据飞机大开口区对结构静/动态性能和散热性能的要求,分别构造目标函数,并采用拉丁超立方试验设计方法确定样本点数,建立有限元参数化模型进行仿真计算,利用响应面法得到各目标函数的响应面拟合函数,之后设定结构的多功能协同优化目标,并通过线性搜索法进行协同优化设计,优化后计算得到仿生轻质结构的散热性能、抗压刚度分别是优化前的14.3倍和2.1倍,动态性能指标得到明显改善,在相同载荷条件下结构减重11%;进一步以飞机大开口区加筋结构的一阶屈曲因子和最大位移作为优化约束条件,并以结构总质量最小为优化目标,构造各自响应面拟合函数,基于遗传算法优化筋板结构整体布局。优化后开口区加筋结构总质量减少15%,屈曲因子为1.02,较优化前提高21%,结构最大位移为12.1 mm,较优化前减少20%,优化效果显著。

Spatio-temporal Pattern of Multifunction Tradeoffs and Synergies of the Rural Landscape:Evidence from Qingpu District in Shanghai

The configuration of a multifunctional rural landscape is critical for its protection.Although studies on multifunctional rural landscapes have been conducted,there is a lack of information regarding the spatiotemporal characteristics and tradeoff/synergy relationships of rural landscape functions in the time series on the administrative unit scale.The purposes of this study were to(1)analyze the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the tradeoff and synergy from the perspective of multifunctionality for efficient use of rural landscape resources and(2)formulate regional sustainable development policies to minimize the conflict between people and nature.Aiming at the scientific representation of landscape function and the quantification of landscape multifunctional relationships,and by taking Qingpu District of Shanghai as an example,six kinds of rural landscape functions were constructed according to the functional framework of"productive function,living function and ecological function".Based on the data for 1980 to 2018,the characteristics of variations of multifunctional tradeoff and synergy relationships of the rural landscape in 184 administrative villages were studied by the methods of Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis and bivariate spatial autocorrelation.The following results were obtained.1)The fine division of rural landscape function types was realistic and necessary for analyzing the regional multi-function relationships in the regions with rapid development.In the process of rapid urbanization,the rural landscape functions of urban suburban areas changed under the combined action of natural resource endowment,social and economic conditions and other internal and external factors.As a result,the agricultural production function could not replace the economic development function and become the function of rural landscape production.The research results of Qingpu District showed that the agricultural production function was no longer the primary functional form,yet the economic development function became the dominant function in this area.2)Temporal and spatial analysis methods of rural landscape functions can accurately and comprehensively reflect the evolution of the characteristics of multifunction tradeoffs and synergies.According to the Spearman rank correlation analysis of the multifunction value of the rural landscape in the time dimension,the results masked the differences of resource and environment carrying capacity caused by the differences of regional landscape resource endowment in the spatial dimension.3)The spatial and temporal differences of the multi-functional tradeoffs and synergies of the rural landscape in Qingpu District from 1980 to 2018 were significant.There was significant heterogeneity of tradeoffs and synergies between functions in the spatial pattern,with clustering characteristics.Meanwhile,as for the temporal pattern,the tradeoffs and synergies of functions changed differently in terms of Moran’s I and the correlation coefficient.The results of this study can provide scientific references for urban-suburban-rural space reconstruction and regional sustainable development.

Exploring the Scale Effects of Trade-offs and Synergies of Multifunctional Cultivated Land——Evidence from Wuhan Metropolitan Area

The purpose of this paper is to explore the trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land(MCL) at multiple scales. The study area is Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China. The entropy method and the method of Spearman’s rank correlation were employed for the analysis of combined land use/cover data, administrative division data, population data and statistical yearbook data, from the multi-scale perspectives of cities, counties and townships. The results showed that:(1) The multi-functionality of cultivated land had obvious spatial differences and its overall spatial patterns were relatively robust, which did not change very much at the single scale.(2) At each single scale, the MCL’s trade-offs and synergies had spatial heterogeneity.(3) Scale effects existed in the MCL’s trade-offs and synergies. From the prefecture-level city scale, to the county scale, and to the township scale, the MCL’s trade-offs were changed to synergies, and some synergic relationships were enhanced. This article contributes to the literature by deepening the multiscale analysis of trade-offs and synergies of multifunctional cultivated land. The conclusions might provide a basis for helping policy-makers to implement protection measures for the multi-functionality of cultivated land at the right spatial scale, and to promote the higher-level synergies of multifunctional cultivated land to realize its sustainable use.