高效学语文，需求何其多

课改是轰轰烈烈的，改变也是喜人的，但是语文的低效还是毋庸置疑的，如何让孩子们达到思维的活跃，语言的活泛，反应的灵活……可以从以下三方面着手，培养孩子的听课能力。首先，多动心。其次，多读书。最后，多动口。

小学阅读课教学应“一少两多”

小学阶段正是儿童发展语言的最佳时期,作为小学语文老师应从发展学生语言的角度进行教学,在教学中少分析,多给学生创造动口读,动口说,动手写的机会。

Pharmacokinetics of Moclobemide Sustained Release Tablets after Multiple Oral Dose Administration in Healthy Volunteers

To investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of moclobemide sustainedrelease tablets after multiple oral dose administration in healthy Chinese volunteers. MethodsMoclobemide sustained release tablets were given as a multiple oral dose regimen of 300 mg oncedaily for five consecutive days to 12 healthy volunteers. The concentrations of moclobemide inplasma were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. The partialpharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using 3p97 pharmacokinetic program. Results Theconcentration-time profile fitted an one-compartment model best. The steady-state pharmacokineticparameters of moclobemide sustained release tablets after multiple oral doses were as follows:C_(max) was (1 950 +- 156) μg· L^(-1), T_(max) was (6.00 +-1.55) h, T_(1/2(kel)) was (3.14 +-0.12)h, AUC_(ss 0-24) was (22 836 +- 1 842) μg·h· L^(-1), MRT was (7.68+-0.36) h, CL/F_((s)) was(20.2+-2.1) L·h^(-1), and V/F_((c)) was (91.4+-9.4) L, respectively. No marked adverse events werenoted during this study. Conclusion The formulation has a sustained-release effect and goodtolerance in the healthy volunteers, which provides useful information for clinical practice.

Speech detection method based on a multi-window analysis

Aiming at the poor performance of speech signal detection at low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR),a method is proposed to detect active speech frames based on multi-window time-frequency(T-F)diagrams.First,the T-F diagram of the signal is calculated based on a multi-window T-F analysis,and a speech test statistic is constructed based on the characteristic difference between the signal and background noise.Second,the dynamic double-threshold processing is used for preliminary detection,and then the global double-threshold value is obtained using K-means clustering.Finally,the detection results are obtained by sequential decision.The experimental results show that the overall performance of the method is better than that of traditional methods under various SNR conditions and background noises.This method also has the advantages of low complexity,strong robustness,and adaptability to multi-national languages.

Hemodynamics in the portal vein evaluated by pulse wave Doppler ultrasonography in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon

AIM: To employ pulse wave Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate the changes in portal blood flow velocity in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) receiving interferon (IFN) treatment. METHODS: The subjects in this study were 14 patients (13 men and l woman) with CHC who received IFN treatment. Portal blood flow velocity was measured in the vessels at the porta hepatis at four time points: before IFN administration (pre-IFN), 2 wk after the start of administration (wk 2), 24 wk after the start of administration (wk 24, i.e., the end of IFN administration), and 24 wk after the end of administration (wk 48). RESULTS: The patients with CHC in whom IFN treatment resulted in complete elimination or effective elimination of viruses showed a significant increase in portal blood flow velocity at the end of IFN treatment compared with that before IFN treatment. In contrast, when IFN was ineffective, no significant increase in portal blood flow velocity was observed at wk 24 or 48 compared with the pre-IFN value. In addition, the patients with CHC in whom IFN was ineffective showed significantly lower portal blood flow velocity values than control subjects at all measurement time points. CONCLUSION: Pulse wave Doppler ultrasonography is a noninvasive and easily performed method for evaluating the effects of IFN treatment in patients with CHC. This technique is useful for measuring portal blood flow velocity before and 24 wk after IFN administration in order to evaluate the changes over time, thus assessing the effectiveness of IFN treatment.

Ophrys insectifera L.—Update of the Status of a Critically Endangered Orchid in Bulgaria

Aim： Ophrys insectTfera L. due to its peculiar biology and environmental requirements is among the most threatened and endangered vascular plants in Bulgaria. On the territory of Bulgaria the species fulfills the IUCN criteria for critically endangered [CR C2a（i）; D] and is included also in the Red Data Book of Republic Bulgaria and Biodiversity Act. The present study aimed to explore and evaluate the status of its populations and their threats. Materials and methods： Exploration mad monitoring of the populations of the critically endangered orchid O. insectifera in Bulgaria was done from 2012 till 2017. The shoot count and some morphometxic parameters were recorded for evaluation of their distribution and population dynamics. Results and discussion： At one location Ophrys insectifera can be considered extinct. However two new locations were found so the total number of known locations is increased. Approximately over 50% of the occupied territories fall outside protected sites and many of the habitats axe endangered by anthropogenic or other factors. At all of the known locations there are less than 50 shoots per place. These facts put a high stress on the perspectives of their populations＇ survival in Bulgaria.

Marriage Migration of Mongolian Women to South Korea

Underpinning most of the Korean-Mongolian relationship is the shared view that these two nations have racial, linguistic, historical, and religious connections. Both peoples cite the famous Mongolian blue spot, as well as the Mongolian Empire＇s close relations with the Koryo dynasty in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. However, it is undeniable that in recent years, Mongolia＇s relations with South Korea have grown much wider and deeper in scope. When it comes to multiculturalism a South Korea＇s overarching social phenomenon, tens of thousands of Mongolian expatriates are one of primary contributors to the first-ever trend throughout Korean history. Marriage migration of Mongolians to South Korea has increased since mid-1990s, in company with immigrant laborers, and became one of the primary contributors to the binational population movement, This paper deals with intertwining migration of Mongolian population to South Korea and describes characteristic of Korean-Mongolian binational marriage, using statistical data and other relevant researches.

Distribution of Origanum vulgare L. and Population Dynamics During the Last Decade in Armenia

This paper examines the distribution and structure of populations of a medicinal and culinary herb native to Armenia. As one of the first countries to join the Convention on Biological Diversity （CBD）, Armenia has a strong interest in assessing the biodiversity of its native flora and identifying threats to the conservation of these species, particularly those with economic value. Only limited information, however, is available at this time on the genetic biodiversity, population location, structure and size, and conservation status of most of these species. This paper reports the results of five consecutive years of field studies conducted in Armenia to 1） re-locate native populations of the important medicinal and culinary herb, Origanum vulgare L., 2） locate new populations, and 3） assess the growth pattern and dynamics of the populations. The quadrat sampling technique was used to identify key elements that determined population size and abundance. GPS maps of present and past population distributions were created. Particular habitat and environmental factors were identified as crucial to predicting the future conditions of these populations under the impact of global climate change. The research provides a baseline dataset that can be used for the development of further conservation strategies of this important medicinal and culinary species in Armenia.

Reducing the loss of genetic diversity associated with assisted colonization-like introductions of animals

Translocations, especially assisted colonizations, of animals are increasingly used as a conservation management tool. In many cases, however, limited funding and other logistic challenges limit the number of individuals available for transloeation. In conservation genetics, small populations are predicted to rapidly lose genetic diversity which can deteriorate population survival. Thus, how worried should we be about the loss of genetic diversity when introducing small, isolated populations？ Historical species introductions provide a means to assess these issues. Here we review 13 studies of ＂assisted colonization-like＂ introductions of animals, where only a small known number of founders established an isolated population without secondary contact to the source population. We test which factors could be important in retaining genetic diversity in these cases. In many cases, loss in heterozygosity （-12.1%） was detected, and more seriously the loss in allelic richness （-27.8 %）. Number of founders seemed to have an effect but it also indicated that high population growth rate could help to retain genetic diversity, i.e. future management actions could be effective even with a limited number of founders if population growth would be enhanced. On the contrary, translocated organisms with longer generation times did not seem to retain more genetic diversity. We advocate that, where possible, future studies on translocated animals should report the loss of genetic diversity （both heterozygosity and allelic richness）, which is essential for meta-analyses like this one for deepening our understanding of the genetic consequences of assisted colonization, and justifying management decisions [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 827-834, 2015].