常染色体显性遗传多囊肾的多囊素表达

目的研究多囊素的细胞定位，了解正常肾脏与肾组织多囊素的表达及分布差别。方法应用多囊素合成肽单抗抗ｐｅｐＰＢＰ１和抗ｐｅｐＰＢＰ３以及融合蛋白抗体抗ｆｐＡＨ４，对３例正常肾组织和８例多囊肾组织的标本做免疫组织化学染色定位。结果正常肾组织的多囊素组织化学定位主要分布在远端小管和集合管，髓质部更明显，近端小管弱染或阴性，肾小球上皮细胞也可着染。８例多囊肾组织的染色细胞在２８％～６０％，大多数为５０％，囊肿上皮染色比正常肾组织强，囊肿上皮染色强弱不同，少数囊肿上皮染色阴性。结论正常肾组织和多囊肾组织均可表达多囊素，多囊素染色以远端小管和集合管为主，细胞染色有差异性；多囊肾的囊上皮染色存在异质性。

常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病基因缺陷的研究进展

常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病（ＡＤＰ－ＫＤ）是人类常见的遗传病之一，也是最常见的遗传性肾脏疾病。该病发病率为千分之一，是囊性纤维变性的两倍，比遗传性舞蹈病和镰状细胞贫血高出十倍［１］。以中国１３亿人口计，约有近１３０万人患有ＡＤＰＫＤ。ＡＤＰＫＤ主要发...

Therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells transplantation on rat model of Parkinson's disease

Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE-M） transplantation on rat model of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Primary porcine RPE cells were harvested by enzyme digestion and expanded in culture medium. Determine the levels ofdopamine （DA） and homovanillic acid （HVA） by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical （HPLC） assay, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and glial-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） were detected by ELISA. Alginate-polylysine-alginate （APA） microencapsulated cells were produced by using a high voltage electrostatic system. PD rat model was established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into the medial forebrain bundle （MFB）. After that, the RPE-M was transplanted into the corpus striatum of PD rat, and then the rotation test scores were recorded and biochemical changes of the corpus striatum were tested. Results The levels of DA, HVA, BDNF and GDNF secreted by RPE were stable in the RPE culture supernatant and were not changed by the microencapsulation. Eighty-three percent rats developed PD by unilateral lesion of 6-OHDA in the MFB. The RPE-M transplantation had therapeutic effect on 33% PD rats. Conclusion Porcine RPE cells grow actively in vitro and could secrete DA, HVA, BDNF, and GDNF constantly, which does not be affected by the passage culture and the APA miroencapsulation. RPE-M transplantation of may be a curative therapy for PD.

Effects of psychological stress on small intestinal motility and expression of cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in plasma and small intestine in mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of psychological stress on small intestinal motility and expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in plasma and small intestine, and to explore the relationship between small intestinal motor disorders and gastrointestinal hormones under psychological stress. METHODS: Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into psychological stress group and control group. A mouse model with psychological stress was established by housing the mice with a hungry cat in separate layers of a two-layer cage. A semi-solid colored marker (carbon-ink) was used for monitoring small intestinal transit. CCK and VIP levels in plasma and small intestine in mice were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: Small intestinal transit was inhibited (52.18±19.15% vs70.19±17.79%, P<0.01) in mice after psychological stress, compared to the controls. Small intestinal CCK levels in psychological stress mice were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.75±0.53 μg/g vs1.98±1.17 μg/g, P<0.01), whereas plasma CCK concentrations were not different between the groups. VIP levels in small intestine were significantly higher in psychological stress mice than those in the control group (8.45±1.09 μg/g vs7.03±2.36 μg/g, P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in plasma VIP levels between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Psychological stress inhibits the small intestinal transit, probably by down-regulating CCK and up-regulating VIP expression in small intestine.

Cholecystokinin octapeptide inhibits the in vitro expression of CD14 in rat pulmonary interstitial macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated pulmonary interstitial macrophages (PIM) in vitro. METHODS: PIM were isolated and cultured in the presence or absence of LPS, CCK-8, proglumide (the antagonist of CCK receptors) and vehicle. The expression of membrane CD14 (mCD14) protein was assayed by flow cytometry and soluble CD14 (sCD14) in the supernatant was analyzed semi-quantitatively by Western blot. TNF-alpha in the supernatant was detected with ELISA. RESULTS: CCK-8, at concentrations of 10(-7) mol/L and 10(-6) mol/L, significantly inhibited the expression of mCD14. Release of sCD14 and TNF-alpha in the supernatant was up-regulated by LPS (1 microg/ml) but reduced by CCK-8. The effect of CCK-8 was inhibited by proglumide. CONCLUSION: CCK-8 negatively modulated several functions of LPS-stimulated PIM through CCK receptors. This may be one of the mechanisms for CCK-8 to alleviate inflammation in lung tissue during endotoxemia.

Effect of electroacupuncture on anti-Mullerian hormone expression in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective: To observe whether the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on improving sex hormone disorders and follicle development is by decreasing the expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in rats with experimental polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups, a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), an EA at acupoints group (EAAG), and an EA at non-acupoints group (EANAG), with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the EAAG and EANAG were intervened by EA treatment for consecutive 14 d. Zhongji (CV 3) and Guanyuan (CV 4) were selected as the acupoints in the EAAG, and the tip of the tail and 1 cm up from the tail tip were selected as the non-acupoints in the EANAG. After treatment, the histomorphological changes of the ovary, the levels of aromatase P450 (P450arom)/ testosterone and estradiol in the ovarian tissues, and the expressions of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and AMH were observed. Results: After treatment, compared with the MG and EANAG, the expression of AMH decreased (P<0.05), the levels of P450arom and estradiol in creased sign ifica ntly, and the level of testostero ne decreased sign ifica ntly (all P<0.01) in the EAAG. Additionally, several normal follicles were present and the number of cystically dilated follicles decreased in the EAAG. Compared with the MG and EANAG, the EAAG obviously had more follicular granulosa cells. Con elusion: EA can dow n-regulate the abn ormally in creased expressi on of AMH to improve sex hormone disorders and follicle development in PCOS rats.

Preparation and evaluation of doxorubicin-luminespib co-loaded multivesicular liposomes

A combinational therapeutic system that simultaneously administrates various pathways is preferred for anti-cancer treatment.In the present study,we successfully constructed a co-delivery system,multivesicular liposomes(MVLs)co-encapsulating doxorubicin(DOX)and luminespib(AUY922).A simple and accurate dual-wavelength spectrophotometric method was established for the determination of DOX and AUY922 in liposomal formulation.MVL-loading drugs were prepared by a multi-emulsion solvent evaporation method,which exhibited excellent physicochemical properties,such as particle size of 3–8μm and high entrapment efficiency above 95%for DOX and 73%for AUY922.The synergetic cytotoxic effect for these two drugs was evaluated in MDA-MB-231 cells.The in vitro antitumor studies demonstrated the superior anti-proliferation activity of DOX and AUY922 with a combination index of 0.43,indicating a great synergistic effect.The experimental data suggested that combinational use of DOX and AUY922 within liposomes could be an effective way to develop efficient treatments of cancers.