从早期族群交流看大禹传说多地发生的史实依据

大禹传说在我国许多地方都存在,这种情况有其早期史实依据,并且是以夏族群对周边族群的征服为基础的。此外,大禹传说在春秋战国以后逐渐丰满和地域扩大还有其他的原因:首先,大禹族群在治水或征战过程中的迁播是大禹传说地域扩大化的重要途径。其次,早期国家的建立和华夏民族形成引发的民族认同是大禹传说多地发生的意识形态基础。最后,秦汉统一王朝建立后统治阶级的推崇和祭祀是大禹传说多地发生的现实需求。

Territorial Repartition and Ecological Importance of Wetlands in Moldova （Romania）

The present paper is the first study conducted in Romania on the inventory of wetlands of a large surface of the country. The focus of this study is the Moldavian Plateau, located in the east of Romania. It is delimitated by the Eastern Carpathians on the west, the Romanian Plain on the south, the Ukrainian border on the north and the Prut Valley （border with the Republic of Moldavia） on the east. Although the Moldavian Plateau is situated in the driest region of Romania, the majority of the wetlands and of the low discharge rivers is found in this region. The existence of numerous wetlands, respectively small ponds, is influenced by the human activities and the scarcity of water resources. The impermeable clayey substratum favored the occurrence and survival of a large number of wetlands. Most of them are found in the northern Moldavian Plain, and the fewest to the south, in the Covurlui Plateau. The most important wetlands are those developed along the two main rivers draining this territory： Prut and Siret. Unfortunately, Siret River floodplain has been in most of its part protected by means of flood prevention dikes. Consequently, many of the wetlands entered agricultural use.

Recent Data on Birds of Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of Congo

The study aimed at understanding the current avifauna characteristics, like composition, species diversity and evolution, in the city of Kinshasa. The study was conducted from 2006 to 2014, using observation, photography and Japanese nets. Results of the study indicate that there are 131 species of birds, which represents 40 families and 16 orders. Avifauna of Kinshasa represents 11% of species of the all country. Among those species, 12 are new. Passerines are the most, representing 86 species and 21 families, and are the most diversified. Few species have extended their geographical distribution and some are migratory. Overtime, avian fauna of Kinshasa region has undergone a lot of changes in its composition and diversity. Horizontal extension of the city associated with the consecutive various changes of the habitats seems to be the principal factors which modulate those characteristics. However, the study found that the majority of these species were under precarious statute of conservation.

Impact of grazing on germination trait selection in an alpine grassland on the Tibet Plateau

Previous studies indicated that grazing can cause significant changes in abiotic and biotic environment in grassland.However,how these changes impact germination trait selection in grassland has not been well studied.Thus,we aimed to explore whether grazing can significantly change germination trait diversity and composition of grasslands community.We measured the germination traits of species in the laboratory,and compared their performance in grazed and nongrazed grasslands.Then,we compared the community-weighted means of germination traits and functional diversity of grazed and nongrazed grasslands based on these germination traits to know whether grazed and nongrazed grasslands differed in their germination trait structures.At the species level,we found that the changes of abundance in grazed and nongrazed grasslands were not related to species’germination traits.However,at the community level,compared with nongrazed grasslands,species in the grazed grasslands generally exhibited a higher seed germination percentage.Moreover,seed germination response in grazed grasslands was more positively related to alternating temperature than in nongrazed grasslands,and breadth of the germination temperature niche was narrower in grazed than in nongrazed grasslands.Compared with nongrazed grasslands,seed germination trait diversity was increased and germination trait evenness decreased in grazed grasslands.Grazing can change microhabitat conditions,thereby changing germination trait selection by environmental filtering,resulting in a significant difference in germinate trait composition at the community level.