脐部给药的多塞平栓研制及应用

目的 :研制透皮制剂多塞平栓 ,考察其治疗各型急、慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效。方法 :多塞平以甘油明胶为基质 ,氮酮为促透剂 ,制成栓剂 ,经脐部给药 ,观察 50个病例 ,与口服多塞平片作对照 ,观察临床疗效。结果 :多塞平栓治疗各型急、慢性荨麻疹 ,总有效率为 94 .0 % ,经统计学分析 ,P <0 .0 5,差异具显著性。结论 :本品制备工艺可行 ,疗效确切 ,用药剂量小 ,无副作用 ,具有进一步研究、开发的价值。

盐酸多塞平霜的制备

目的:以盐酸多塞平为主药配制盐酸多塞平霜。同时考察该制剂的检验方法及稳定性。方法:用紫外分光光度法测定盐酸多塞平的含量。结果:盐酸多塞平平均回收率为99.7％。结论:该制剂的配制及质控方法可行。

体部伽玛刀联合培美曲塞与卡铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的观察体部伽玛刀联合培美曲塞（Pem etrexed）与卡铂（Carbop latin）治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法39例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,以培美曲塞（500 mg.m-2）、卡铂（300 mg.m-2）方案化疗两个周期,然后进行体部伽玛刀治疗,单次治疗剂量3.0~5.5 Gy,等剂量曲线50%~75%,计划靶体积（PTV）覆盖95%以上临床靶体积（CTV）,总剂量50~60 Gy,治疗后再按此方案化疗2个周期。与同期76例单纯伽玛刀治疗局部晚期NSCLC患者治疗结果相比较。结果39例患者,1例完全缓解（CR）,30例部分缓解（PR）,5例稳定（SD）,3例进展（PD）,近期有效率为79.49%（31/39）,6、12和24个月生存率分别为82.05%（32/39）、56.41%（22/39）和35.90%（14/39）,中位生存期16个月。主要不良反应表现为Ⅰ~Ⅲ度的血液系统毒性和胃肠道反应,未发生Ⅳ度急性反应。同期单纯伽玛刀治疗患者,近期有效率为76.32%（58/76）,6、12和24个月生存率分别为78.95%（60/76）、44.74%（34/76）和23.68%（18/76）。结论体部伽玛刀联合培美曲塞及卡铂是一种对局部晚期非小细胞癌比较有效的治疗方法,毒性反应较轻,临床使用安全。

康莱特注射液+卡铂胸腔灌注联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年肺腺癌恶性胸水临床观察

目的:观察康莱特注射液+卡铂胸腔灌注联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年肺腺癌恶性胸水的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法:老年肺腺癌恶性胸水患者共17例,采用康莱特注射液200ml,卡铂针200mg胸腔灌注,每周一次,共两周,同时应用培美曲塞500mg/m2,第1天,每21d重复,完成2个周期。治疗第4、8周评价疗效及毒副作用。结果:17例患者均可评价疗效,完全缓解者1例,部分缓解者12例,无效者4例,其有效率为76.47%,完全缓解率17.64%。结论:康莱特注射液+卡铂胸腔灌注联合培美曲塞全身化疗是一种对控制老年肺腺癌恶性胸水有效的治疗方法,毒性反应轻,临床使用安全。

培美曲塞联合放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的观察培美曲塞（pemetrexed）联合体部伽玛刀治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small-cell lung cancer，NSCLC）的临床疗效及不良反应。方法23例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者，以培美曲塞（500mg／m2）单药化疗2个周期，然后进行体部伽玛刀治疗，单次治疗剂量3．0～5．5Gy，等剂量曲线50％～75％，总剂量50～60Gy，治疗后再按此方案化疗2个周期。与同期76例单纯伽玛刀治疗局部晚期NSCLC患者治疗结果相比较。结果23例中，18例部分缓解（PR），2例稳定（SD），3例进展（PD），无完全缓解（CR），近期有效率为78．26％（18／23），6、12、24个月生存率分别为86．96％（20／23）、56．52％（13／23）、34．78％（8／23），中位生存期14．5个月。主要不良反应表现为1～3级的血液系统毒性和胃肠道反应，未发生4级度急性反应。同期单纯伽玛刀治疗患者，近期有效率为76．32％（58／76），6、12、24个月生存率分别为78．95％（60／76）、44．74％（34／76）、23．68％（18／76）。结论培美曲塞联合伽玛刀治疗局部晚期非小细胞癌是一种比较有效的治疗方法，不良反应较轻，l临床使用安全。

培美曲塞联合卡铂治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的观察培美曲塞(pemetrexed)联合卡铂(carboplatin)治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及毒副反应。方法老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者共46例,培美用量75mg/m2,每天静脉滴注,同时配伍卡铂AUC=5mg·ml-1·min-1,每天静脉滴注。21天为1个疗程,每例患者至少接受2个疗程的治疗。结果46例患者均可评价疗效,无完全缓解病例(CR),21例获部分缓解(PR),20例稳定(SD),5例疾病进展(PD),总有效率为45.6%(21/46),其中位疾病进展时间为4.7个月,中位生存时间10.3个月(3～20个月),1年生存率为52.2%。毒性反应主要有骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐和腹泻以及白细胞下降导致的发热等。但患者多为Ⅰ、Ⅱ度反应,耐受良好。结论培美曲塞联合卡铂是一种对老年晚期非小细胞癌有效的治疗方法,毒性反应轻,临床使用安全。

Analysis and Taxonomy of Congestion Control Mechanisms for Internet Reliable Multicast

The research of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast is one of the most active fields in reliable multicast protocol research. Many reliable multicast congestion control mechanisms have been put forward. In this paper we present principal problems of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast, analyze solutions and difficulties of solving these problems, and then give a classification of some reliable multicast congestion control mechanisms. Lastly the future work is proposed.

多莉之死

克隆人的降生早已被媒体炒得沸沸扬扬,而多莉之死却使那些对克隆寄予厚望的人难免心存疑虑,克隆真的那么容易?克隆动物能健康生存吗?

Endoscopic management of occluded biliary uncovered metal stents:A multicenter experience

AIM:To compare diverse endoscopic interventions in the management of occluded uncovered self-expanding metal stents(SEMSs) that had been placed for palliative treatment of unresectable malignant biliary obstruction.METHODS:A retrospective review was undertaken in 4 tertiary endoscopic centers to determine optimal management of different types of occluded SEMSs.The technical success of performed treatment in occluded SEMSs,the patency of the stent,the need for re-intervention and the financial costs of each treatment were analyzed.RESULTS:Fifty four patients were included in the analysis;21 received Hanaro,19 Wallstent and 14 Flexus.For the relief of obstruction,a plastic stent was inserted in 24 patients,a second SEMS in 25 and mechanical cleaning was performed in 5 patients.The overall median second patency rates between second SEMSs and plastic stents did not differ(133 d for SEMSs vs 106 d for plastic stents;P = 0.856).Similarly,no difference was found between the overall survival of SEMS and plastic stent groups,and no procedure-related complications occurred.Incremental cost analysis showed that successive plastic stenting was a cost-saving strategy at least in Greece.CONCLUSION:Insertion of uncovered SEMSs or plastic stents is a safe and effective treatment for occluded uncovered SEMSs;insertion of plastic stents appears to be the most cost-effective strategy.

Nonlinear Analysis of Laminated Shells via Piece-wise Rayleigh-Ritz Technique

Based on Reddy higher-order shear deformation theory, a general refined shell theory suitable to nonlinear analysis of tire structure is developed in this paper. The piece-wise Rayleigh-Ritz procedure and Bezier polynomials are applied to analyze deformations and stress distributions of the multlayered tire subjected to uniform inflation in detail. Furthermore, 3-dimension FEM analysis of laminated tire by standard software ANSYS is adopted to compare with the present model. It is demonstrated that both two solutions are in fairly good agreement.

Transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes

Objective：To evaluate the safety and efficiency of transvenous embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region by multiple venous routes. Methods： Twenty seven patients with dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region were treated by transvenous embolization with micro-coils. The transvenous routes included inferior petrosal sinus, superior ophthalmic vein and facial vein. Results： Clinical cure was achieved in 23 cases and significant improvement of symptoms in 4 cases. Complete anglographic obliteration was documented in 22 patients （82%）. Residual shunting were left in 2 patients via pterygoid drainage and 1 case via inter-cavernous sinus, 2 cases via inferior petrosal sinus, disappeared one month later by manual compression carotid artery. Headache and vomiting were the most common symptoms after embolization. Three patients had diplopia and relieved within two months after embolization. There was no permanent procedure-related morbidity. The clinic follow up ranged from 5 months to 6 years, and there was not recurrence case. Conclusion： Transvenous embolization via different venous routes is a safe and efficient method for dural arteriovenous fistula of cavernous region treatment.

Principle of Line Configuration and Monte-Carlo Simulation for Shared Multi-Channel System

Based on the steady-state solution of finite-state birth and death process, the principle of line configuration for shared multi-channel system is analyzed. Call congestion ratio equation and channel utilization ratio equation are deduced, and visualized data analysis is presented. The analy-sis indicates that, calculated with the proposed equations, the overestimate for call congestion ratio and channel utilization ratio can be rectified, and thereby the cost of channels can be saved by 2000 in a small system.With MATLAB programming, line configuration methods are provided. In order to generally and intuitively show the dynamic running of the system, and to analyze,promote and improve it, the system is simulated using M/M/n/n/m queuing model and Monte-Carlo method. In addition, the simulation validates the correctness of the theoretical analysis and optimizing configuration method.

Congestion control for ATM multiplexers using neural networks：multiple sources／single buffer scenario

A new neural network based method for solving the problem of congestion control arising at the user network interface (UNI) of ATM networks is proposed in this paper. Unlike the previous methods where the coding rate for all traffic sources as controller output signals is tuned in a body, the proposed method adjusts the coding rate for only a part of the traffic sources while the remainder sources send the cells in the previous coding rate in case of occurrence of congestion. The controller output signals include the source coding rate and the percentage of the sources that send cells at the corresponding coding rate. The control methods not only minimize the cell loss rate but also guarantee the quality of information (such as voice sources) fed into the multiplexer buffer. Simulations with 150 ADPCM voice sources fed into the multiplexer buffer showed that the proposed methods have advantage over the previous methods in the aspect of the performance indices such as cell loss rate (CLR) and voice quality.

Comparison of Node Architectures for Elastic Optical Networks with Waveband Conversion

In Elastic Optical Networks(EONs)with flexible bandwidth allocation,the blocking probability is high because of spectral contention.Similar to the functionality of wavelength conversion in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing(WDM)networks,waveband conversion has been proposed to solve spectral contention in EONs.In this paper,we discuss the design of node architectures for an EON with waveband conversion.Four node architectures with shared Tuneable Waveband Converters(TWBCs)are proposed,and their blocking performances are evaluated by simulation.Simulation results show that the blocking probability of a node is significantly improved by waveband conversion.The sharing efficiency of waveband converters is also investigated.Simulation results show that at the same blocking rate,the node architecture with converters shared per node can save more than 20% waveband converters compared with that of the one with converters shared per link.

Algorithm and Performance Analysis of Optical Multistage Interconnection Network

A sorting algorithm based on the Batcher' s algorithm is presented. An 8X8multistage interconnection network(MIN) is constructed. Applying wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) technology and integrating control mode, the designed network can realize non-blockingcommunication. The time delay of the MIN and the switches needed are also analyzed in theory, thededuced result conforms that the MIN designed previously is feasible. In the case of the samecommunication quality guaranteed, MIN uses the least switches and completes the communication moreefficiently.

Iteration-stopping scheme of turbo receiver in turbo-MIMO systems

The iteration-stopping scheme of turbo receiver, consisting of an inner multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） detector and an outer turbo decoder, was studied in this paper. In the inner MIMO detector, only the reliabilities of bits in those channel slots which included unreliable information bits were updated when the outer turbo code was a systematical one. In conjunction with the trigger events for stopping the turbo decoding, an iteration-stopping scheme of turbo receiver was proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has lower complexity, but almost the same error performance compared to the scheme with predetermined maximum iterations.

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN HUMAN β-DEFENSIN-1 AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN HAN POPULATION IN SOUTH OF CHINA

Objective To investigate the correlation between human β-defensin-1 (HBD-1) exon 2 variations and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in Han population in south of China. Methods The frequency of polymorphic genotypes of HBD-1 exon 2 (1654G/A) was examined in 120 COPD patients (COPD group) and 108 smokers without COPD (control group) by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results The frequencies of polymorphic genotypes in HBD-1 exon 2 in COPD group were G/G 82.50%, G/A 10.83%, and A/A 6.67%. The frequencies of polymorphic genotypes in control group were G/G 95.37%, G/A 3.70%, and A/A 0.93%. It showed significant difference between two groups(P<0.01). The differences in allele frequencies were also significant between two groups (G allele frequency: 87.92% vs 97.22%; A allele frequency: 12.08% vs 2.78%; P<0.01). The G→A mutation rised along with the severity of the COPD. Conclusion The genetic polymorphism in HBD-1 exon 2 gene might be associated with the susceptibility to COPD in Han population of South China.

Determining Bookkeeping Cash Maximum of Serbian Army Units by Using Multicriteria Optimization

Normal practice of financial management in the defense system is crucial for the performance of assigned tasks. Payment transactions in cash, in addition to non-cash payment system are very important if we take into account the specificity of the defense system. With limited financial resources optimization level of bookkeeping cash limit should provide continuous funding of units and institutions of the defense system. The aim of this paper is to show that using the method of analytic hierarchy process （AHP） we can help optimize the allocation of cash financial funds within the defense system.

AN EFFECTIVE NETWORK CONGESTION CONTROL METHOD FOR MULTILAYER NETWORK

The congestion control problem in a single node network has been solved by the nonlinearfeedback control method,which has been proven to be effective and robust for different router’s queuesize.However,these control models are based on the single layer network architecture,and the sendersand receivers are directly connected by one pair of routers.With the network architecture being moreand more complex,it is a serious problem how to cooperate many routers working in the multilayernetwork simultaneously.In this paper,an effective Active Queue Management(AQM)scheme toguarantee the stability by the nonlinear control of imposing some restrictions on AQM parameter inmultilayer network is proposed.The nonlinear control can rely on some heuristics and network trafficcontrollers that appear to be highly correlated with the multilayer network status.The proposedmethod is based on the improved classical Random Early Detection(RED)differential equation and atheorem for network congestion control.The theorem proposed in the paper proved that the stability ofthe fluid model can effectively ensure the convergence of the average rate to its equilibrium pointthrough many routers in multilayer network.Moreover,when the network capacity is larger,theproposed scheme can still approach to the fullest extensibility of utilization and ensure the stability ofthe fluid model.The paper reveals the reasons of congestion control in multilayer network,provides atheorem for avoiding network congestion,and gives simulations to verify the results.