动态多太比特核心光网络技术浅析

随着信息产业的大数据业务发展,传统的网络资源已经不能满足人们的要求,新一代网络体系必将发生变革并产生新一代网络(NGN),动态多太比特核心光网络(CORONET)计划是由美国提出来的新的一代网络计划,主要是寻求高度动态、多太比特核心光网络体系结构、协议、控制和管理的方案。利用波分复用(WDM)带宽资源和强大的波长路由能力,构造一个全球范围的核心光网络,即连接全球范围内主要站点的大容量、长距离基础设施。将IP over WDM的全光交换技术应用到CORONET网络系统中,采用的三次握手分布信号协议方法(3WHS)通过动态链接可以达到百毫秒级的快速建立时间并极大提高网络安全。最后,借鉴该网络计划的发展情况阐述对我们国家光网络发展所带来的启示。

在多太瓦Ti：蓝宝石激光作用下获得高能电子和X射线量子

使用应用光学实验室和马克斯·玻恩研究所的多太瓦Ti：蓝宝石激光器在宽度～30fS，强度10^18～10^19W／cm^2的激光脉冲照射钨靶和钽靶时研究了电子和硬X射线量子产额以及它们的能量分布。在应用光学实验室测量15～700keV范围硬X射线量子通量时使用了具有校准的热致发光探测器的九通道谱仪。在一个数量级范围内入射激光能量和脉冲宽度改变五倍时研究了硬X射线量子的定标。在玻恩研究所新Ti：蓝宝石激光器上借助飞行时间谱仪研究了300keV～1MeV范围的热电子产额。所获结果表明电子产额与激光脉冲的强度和形状的强依赖关系。

与“多(么)、太、好”有关的感叹句

在现代汉语中,“多(么)、太、好”这几个副词经常用作感叹句标记,其基本依托形式为“多(么)/太/好+AP/VP”结构。由于这几个词都是用来表示非常高的程度的,所以进入这种结构中的“AP/VP”必须具有可以表示程度差别的意义。从句法功能来看,“多(么)AP/v p”、“太AP/VP”和“好AP/VP”在感叹句中的表现并不完全相同。“多(么)”、“太”、“好”所表示的语法意义有一定的差异,这就导致了它们在用法上也有一些不同。

Dual-band multi-beam reconfigurable terahertz antenna based on graphene frequency selective surface

In this paper,a dual-band graphene-based frequency selective surface(GFSS)is investigated and the operating mechanism of this GFSS is analyzed.By adjusting the bias voltage to control the graphene chemical po-tential between 0 eV and 0.5 eV,the GFSS can achieve four working states:dual-band passband,high-pass lowimpedance,low-pass high-impedance,and band-stop.Based on this GFSS,a hexagonal radome on a broadband omnidirectional monopole antenna is proposed,which can achieve independent 360°six-beam omnidirectional scanning at 1.08 THz and 1.58 THz dual bands.In addition,while increasing the directionality,the peak gains of the dual bands reach 7.44 dBi and 6.67 dBi,respectively.This work provides a simple method for realizing multi-band terahertz multi-beam reconfigurable antennas.

伊氏锥虫同工酶和蛋白质鉴定研究

本文用簿层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦同工酶及蛋白质电泳分析技术比较了5株从我国不同地区,不同宿主分离的伊氏锥虫及两株国外伊氏锥虫的遗传多样性。5株中国伊氏锥虫同属于一个酶株群Z1,根据蛋白质等电聚焦分析可将五株中国伊氏锥虫进一步分为三个多肽群(株)。我国伊氏锥虫同世界各地伊氏锥虫同工酶主群相似,与伊氏锥虫同工酶次群有区别。本研究结果表明,我国伊氏锥虫变异程度较低,与世界其它各地典型伊氏锥虫同源。

中等规模多肽分子的2DNOESY实验问题

由于中等规模多肽在水溶液中运动的特殊性（ω＿０τ＿ｃ≈１），２ＤＮＯＥＳＹ谱上往往得不到相关讯息（采用合理的混合时间），而降低温度的余地也很小·本工作将少量氘代甲醇加到水溶液中，并将实验温度降到零下，实验取得成功。例如从一个九肽和一个十一肽的ＮＯＥＳＹ实验得到了很多残基内和残基间的ＮＯＥＳＹ相关讯息，足以作出归属并进一步计算质子间距离．

Boron removal from metallurgical silicon using CaO-SiO_2-CaF_2 slags

The removal of boron from metallurgical silicon in slag system of CaO-SiO2-10%CaF2 was investigated. The partition coefficient of boron （LB） between slag and silicon phase was studied under different conditions of slag basicity （CaO/SiO2 ratio）, temperature, mass ratio of slag to silicon and gas blowing. The results show that LB has a maximum value of 4.61 when the CaO/SiO2 mass ratio is around 2 at l 873 K. The logarithm of LB is linear to the reciprocal of temperatures in the range of 1 773-1 973 K. LB increases with the increase of mass ratio of slag to silicon, but it does not increase markedly when the ratio excesses 3. Gas blowing can sionificantlv increase the removal of boron, and LR increases with the increase of water vapor content.

酸性土施用肽肥对烤烟烟叶养分含量的影响

认识肽肥对烤烟烟叶养分含量的影响,为肽肥在酸性烟区土壤中的应用提供依据,利用烤烟田间试验设置了CK (基施烟草专用肥)、T1 (基施肽肥900 kg/ha),T2 (基施肽肥1500 kg/ha),TH (基施肽肥加磷钾肥)和TF (基施烟草专用肥加追施肽肥) 5个处理,测定了烤烟不同生长期烟叶的氮、磷、钾、钙的含量。结果表明,土壤施用肽肥显著影响烤烟烟叶养分含量。同对照相比,TH处理增加了成熟期烟叶氮、磷、钾和钙的含量3.2%、43.6%、12.4%和20.4%,T2处理增加钙26.7%,但降低钾21.6%。施用肽肥的烟叶氮和钾含量均与生长时间呈显著的负指数和二次函数相关,钙含量与生长时间呈显著的二次函数相关。成熟期烟叶氮、钾、钙含量均显著低于打顶期。由此可见,TH处理有利于增加烤烟烟叶养分尤其是钾、钙含量,有利于改善烟叶品质;肽肥与磷钾肥配合施用在酸性烟区土壤中具有应用前景;烤烟打顶可调控烟叶养分含量。

Low-temperature purification process of metallurgical silicon

The removal of B and P consumes most of heat energy in Si metallurgical purification process for solar-grade Si. Metal-liquating purification of metallurgical grade silicon （MG-Si）, also called Si-recrystallization from metal liquid, was a potential energy-saving method for the removal of B and P efficiently, since Si could be melted at lower temperature by alloying with metal. The selection criteria of metal-liquating system was elaborated, and Al, Sn and In were selected out as the optimum metallic mediums. For Sn-Si system, the segregation coefficient of B decreased to 0.038 at 1 500 K, which was much less than 0.8 at the melting point of Si. The mass fraction of B was diminished from 15×10^-6 to 0.1×10^-6 as MG-Si was purified by twice, while that of most metallic elements could be decreased to 0.1×10^-6 by purifying just once. During the metal-liquating process, the formation of compounds between impurity elements and Si was also an important route of impurity removal. Finally, one low-temperature metallurgical process based on metal-liquating method was proposed.

Preparation, microstructure and dislocation of solar-grade multicrystalline silicon by directional solidification from metallurgical-grade silicon

A vacuum directional solidification with high temperature gradient was performed to prepare low cost solar-grade multicrystalline silicon （mc-Si） directly from metallurgical-grade mc-Si. The microstructure characteristic, grain size, boundary, solid-liquid growth interface, and dislocation structure under different growth conditions were studied. The results show that directionally solidified multicrystalline silicon rods with high density and orientation can be obtained when the solidification rate is below 60 μm/s. The grain size gradually decreases with increasing the solidification rate. The control of obtaining planar solid-liquid interface at high temperature gradient is effective to produce well-aligned columnar grains along the solidification direction. The growth step and twin boundaries are preferred to form in the microstructure due to the faceted growth characteristic of mc-Si. The dislocation distribution is inhomogeneous within crystals and the dislocation density increases with the increase of solidification rate. Furthermore, the crystal growth behavior and dislocation formation mechanism of mc-Si were discussed.

Recovery of high purity silicon from SoG crystalline silicon cutting slurry waste

The composition and size distribution of cutting waste were characterized. The Si-rich powders were obtained from the cutting waste using a physical sedimentation process, and then further purified by removing impurity using acid leaching. The effects of process parameters such as acid leaching time, temperature and the ratio of solid to liquid on the purification efficiency were investigated, and the parameters were optimized. Afterwards, the high-purity Si ingot was obtained by melting the Si-rich powders in vacuum furnace. Finally, the high purity Si with 99.96%Si, 1.1×10^-6 boron （B）, and 4.0×10^-6 phosphorus （P） were obtained. The results indicate that it is feasible to extract high-purity Si, and further produce SoG-Si from the cutting slurry waste.

Assessment of South Pacific Albacore Stock (Thunnus alalunga) by Improved Schaefer Model

Based on catch and effort data of tuna longline fishery operating in the South Pacific Ocean, the South Pacific albacore stock was assessed by an improved Schaefer model. The results revealed that the intrinsic growth rate was about 1.283 74 and carrying capacities vareied in the range from 73 734 to 266 732 metric tons. The growth ability of this species is remarkable. Stock dynamics mainly depends on environmental conditions. The stock is still in good condition. However, the continuous decreasing of biomass in recent years should be noticed.

Optimization of Steam Explosion Process Condition for Extracting Polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla by Response Surface Methodology

【Objective】To optimize the steam explosion process condition for extracting polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla.【Method】The effects of steam pressure,pressure-maintaining time and material moisture content on the extraction of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla were studied by response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design.【Result】The findings showed that each factor could significantly affect the test index,and the optimum condition was as follows:steam pressure 1.50 Mpa,pressuremaintaining time 46 s and material moisture content 46%.Under this condition,the verified experimental value of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla was 39.32%,indicating a relative standard deviation of 2.73%from the predictive value.Meanwhile,scanning electron microcopy(SEM)images showed that the surface physical structure of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was irregularly broken and cracked,which means the physical structure of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was changed and destroyed at the cellular level.【Conclusion】This experiment provides a new approach for the extraction of polysaccharides from Pseudostellaria heterophylla,as well as a reference for the resource utilization of Pseudostellaria heterophylla.

Species composition and diversity of pelagic fishes based on a longline fishery catch in the North Pacific Ocean

Evaluation of spatial-temporal variability of species composition and diversity in oceanic ecosystems is not easy because it is usually difficult to obtain sufficient data quantifying such variability.In this study,we examined pelagic species diversity indicators,species richness,Shannon-Wiener index of diversity and Hurlbert's species evenness,for fish assemblages from two areas(north and south) in the North Pacific Ocean(2°±12°N,178°E±165°W) during May±July 2008.The assemblages were based on data collected by an onboard scientific observer during a commercial longline fishing trip.The species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of fish assemblages in the northern area were slightly higher than those in the southern area,although these differences were not significant(t test,P.0.05).Non-parametric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarities indicated that there were significant differences in fish assemblages between the two areas(P,0.01).

CdS Thin Films Deposited by CBD Method on Glass

CdS thin films were prepared by chemical-bath-deposited method and the effect of temperature and time on the properties of CdS thin films was studied. Independent of the deposited temperature, the growth was mainly controlled by the ion-by-ion growth mechanism at the beginning of the film deposition, then the cluster-by-cluster mechanism came to be dominant. The growth rate increased faster with the increasing of temperature until the thickness reached the limitation, then thickness instead become thinner. The scanning electron micro- scope results revealed that the morphology of the CdS film changed from pinholes to rough, inhomogeneous surface with increasing deposition time and deposition temperature. The X- ray diffraction results showed the film structure was a mixture of two phases： hexagonal and cubic, and it was very important to controll deposition time to the film＇s crystal phase. All films in depth of approxilnate 100 nm existed above 65% transmittance, the absorption edge became ＂red-shift＂ with temperature rising. At 60 and 70℃, with 20 min deposited-time, the energy band gap was more than 2.42 eV and decreased with time, while at 80 and 90℃ the energy band gap was less than 2.42 eV and increased little when the time changed from 10min to 15 nfin at 80℃.

Contributions of tropical-extratropical oceans to the prediction skill of ENSO after 2000

The skill of most ENSO prediction models has declined significantly since 2000.This decline may be due to a weakening of the correlation between tropical predictors and ENSO.Moreover,the effects of extratropical ocean variability on ENSO have increased during this period.To improve ENSO predictability,the authors investigate the influence of the extratropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans on ENSO during the pre-2000 and post-2000 periods,and find that the influence of the northern tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature(NTA SST)on ENSO has significantly increased since 2000.Furthermore,there is a much earlier and stronger correlation between NTA SST and ENSO over the central-eastern Pacific during June-July-August in the post-2000 period compared with the pre-2000 period.The extratropical Pacific SST predictors for ENSO retain an approximate 10-month lead time after 2000.The authors use SST signals in the extratropical Atlantic and Pacific to predict ENSO using a statistical prediction model.This results in a significant improvement in ENSO prediction skill and an obvious decrease in the spring predictability barrier phenomenon of ENSO.These results indicate that extratropical Atlantic and Pacific SSTs can make substantial contributions to ENSO prediction,and can be used to enhance ENSO predictability after 2000.

A hybrid decomposition-boosting model for short-term multi-step solar radiation forecasting with NARX neural network

Due to global energy depletion,solar energy technology has been widely used in the world.The output power of the solar energy systems is affected by solar radiation.Accurate short-term forecasting of solar radiation can ensure the safety of photovoltaic grids and improve the utilization efficiency of the solar energy systems.In the study,a new decomposition-boosting model using artificial intelligence is proposed to realize the solar radiation multi-step prediction.The proposed model includes four parts:signal decomposition(EWT),neural network(NARX),Adaboost and ARIMA.Three real solar radiation datasets from Changde,China were used to validate the efficiency of the proposed model.To verify the robustness of the multi-step prediction model,this experiment compared nine models and made 1,3,and 5 steps ahead predictions for the time series.It is verified that the proposed model has the best performance among all models.

Investigation on Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells

The preparation, current status and trends are investigated for silicon thin film solar cells. The advantages and disadvantages of amorphous silicon thin film, polycrystalline silicon thin film and mono-crystalline silicon thin film solar cells are compared. The future development trends are pointed out. It is found that polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells will be more promising for application with great potential.

Mitochondrial DNA control region diversity and population structure of Pacific herring(Clupea pallasii)in the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan

To investigate the genetic variation and population structure of Pacific herring in the Yellow Sea and the genetic differentiation between the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan, fragments of 479-bp mitochondrial DNA control region were sequenced for 110 individuals collected from three different periods in the Yellow Sea and one locality in the Sea of Japan. High haplotype diversity and moderate nucleotide diversity were observed in Pacific herring. AMOVA and exact test of population differentiation showed no significant genetic differentiations among the three populations of the Yellow Sea and suggested the populations can be treated as a single panmictic stock in the Yellow Sea. However, a large and significant genetic differentiation （ФST=0.11; P=0.00） was detected between the populations in the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. The high sea water temperature in the Tsushima Strait was thought a barrier to block the gene exchange between populations of the two sea areas. The neutrality tests and mismatch distribution indicated recent population expansion in Pacific herring.