This paper firstly introduces the structure and working principle of DSP-based parallel system, parallel accelerating board and SHARC DSP chip. Then it pays attention to investigating the system’s programming charact...This paper firstly introduces the structure and working principle of DSP-based parallel system, parallel accelerating board and SHARC DSP chip. Then it pays attention to investigating the system’s programming characteristics, especially the mode of communication, discussing how to design parallel algorithms and presenting a domain-decomposition-based complete multi-grid parallel algorithm with virtual boundary forecast (VBF) to solve a lot of large-scale and complicated heat problems. In the end, Mandelbrot Set and a non-linear heat transfer equation of ceramic/metal composite material are taken as examples to illustrate the implementation of the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the solutions are highly efficient and have linear speedup.展开更多
Studying the relationship between climate factors and soil organic carbon （SOC） is vitally important. However, how SOC responses to climate （temperature and precipitation） at cohesive extents is poorly studied. Tw...Studying the relationship between climate factors and soil organic carbon （SOC） is vitally important. However, how SOC responses to climate （temperature and precipitation） at cohesive extents is poorly studied. Two transects of approximately the same length （transect P and transect T） were selected to examine the variation of SOC content in relation to mean annual temperature （MAT） and mean annual precipitation （MAP）. The coefficients of partial correlation between SOC density and MAT （Rt） and MAP （Rp） were determined to quantify the relationships between SOC density and the two climate factors. The results indicated that for transect T, Rt was statistically significant once the extent level was greater than or equal to two fundamental extent units, while for transect P, Rp showed statistical significance only at extent levels which were greater than two fundamental extent traits. At the same extent levels but in different transects, Rts exhibited no zonal difference, but Rps did once the extent level was greater than two fundamental extent units. Therefore, to study the relationship between SOC density and different climate factors, different minimum extent levels should be ex- amined. The results of this paper could deepen the understanding of the impacts that SOC pool has on terrestrial ecosystem and global carbon cycling.展开更多
To slove the problems of constrained energy and unbalanced load of wireless sensor network(WSN)nodes,a multipath load balancing routing algorithm based on neighborhood subspace cooperation is proposed.The algorithm ad...To slove the problems of constrained energy and unbalanced load of wireless sensor network(WSN)nodes,a multipath load balancing routing algorithm based on neighborhood subspace cooperation is proposed.The algorithm adopts the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,takes the shortest distance and minimum energy consumption as optimization target and divides the nodes in one-hop neighborhood near the base station area into different regions.Furthermore,the algorithm designs a fitness function to find the best node in each region as a relay node and forward the data in parallel through the different paths of the relay nodes.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption and average end-to-end delay,balance network load and prolong network lifetime effectively.展开更多
Based on the input-output relation of a one-sided cavity, we propose an experimental scheme to implement entanglement swapping with photons. In the ideal case, the successful probability of the scheme approaches unity...Based on the input-output relation of a one-sided cavity, we propose an experimental scheme to implement entanglement swapping with photons. In the ideal case, the successful probability of the scheme approaches unity. In addition, the protocol can be extended to establish multiphoton entanglement among distant users in a communication network.展开更多
Based on the self-imaging effect, multimode interference (MMI) optical switches with area modulation were proposed. The field transfer matrix was introduced to analyze the MMI switches. As an example, the phase modula...Based on the self-imaging effect, multimode interference (MMI) optical switches with area modulation were proposed. The field transfer matrix was introduced to analyze the MMI switches. As an example, the phase modulation parameters of a 3 × 3 MMI switch for different switching cases were obtained by solving the field transfer equation. And the finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) was used to confirm the analytical results.展开更多
Acidic polysaccharide, which has various biological activities, is one of the most important components of sea cucumber. In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from four species of sea cucumber from ...Acidic polysaccharide, which has various biological activities, is one of the most important components of sea cucumber. In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from four species of sea cucumber from three different geographical zones, Pearsonothuria graeffei(Pg) from Indo-Pacific, Holothuria vagabunda(Hv) from Norwegian Coast, Stichopus tremulu(St) from Western Indian Ocean, and Isostichopus badionotu(Ib) from Western Atlantic. The polysaccharide extract was separated and purified with a cellulose DEAE anion-exchange column to obtain corresponding sea cucumber fucans(SC-Fucs). The chemical property of these SC-Fucs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and sulfate content, was determined. Their structure was compared simply with fourier infrared spectrum analyzer and identified with high temperature 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analyzer(NMR) and room temperature 13 C NMR. The results indicated that Fuc-Pg obtained from the torrid zone mainly contained 2,4-O-disulfated and non-sulfated fucose residue, whereas Fuc-Ib from the temperate zone contained non-, 2-O- and 2,4-O-disulfated fucose residue; Fuc-St from the frigid zone and Fuc-Hv from the torrid zone contained mainly non-sulfated fucose residue. The proton of SC-Fucs was better resolved via high temperature 1H NMR than via room temperature 1H NMR. The fingerprint of sea cucumber in different sea regions was established based on the index of anomer hydrogen signal in SC-Fucs. Further work will help to understand whether there exists a close relationship between the geographical area of sea cucumber and the sulfation pattern of SC-Fucs.展开更多
Samples were collected monthly from the sea area around Zhangzi Island,northern Yellow Sea,from July 2009 to June 2010.Vertical net towing was used to examine spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton abundance ...Samples were collected monthly from the sea area around Zhangzi Island,northern Yellow Sea,from July 2009 to June 2010.Vertical net towing was used to examine spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton abundance and biomass.Overall,C alanus sinicus and Saggita crassa were the dominant species found during the study period,while the amphipod T hemisto gracilipes was dominant in winter and spring.Vast numbers of the ctenophore species of the genus Beroe were found in October and November.It was not possible to count them,but they constituted a large portion of the total zooplankton biomass.Zooplankton species diversity was highest in October,and species evenness was highest in April.Zooplankton abundance(non-jellyfi sh)and biomass were highest in June and lowest in August,with annual averages of 131.3 ind./m3and 217.5 mg/m3,respectively.Water temperature may be responsible for the variations in zooplankton abundance and biomass.B eroe biomass was negatively correlated with other zooplankton abundance.Longterm investigations will be carried out to learn more about the infl uence of the environment on zooplankton assemblages.展开更多
Nose event,which names after the nose-like shape of structures in ion spectrograms observed by satellite in the inner magnetosphere,refers to the deep inward penetration of ions from magnetotail at discrete energy ban...Nose event,which names after the nose-like shape of structures in ion spectrograms observed by satellite in the inner magnetosphere,refers to the deep inward penetration of ions from magnetotail at discrete energy bands.Nose events have been studied extensively both with observations and simulations since first discovered in 1970s.In this study we use the UBK method to model the different L-shell penetration characteristics for a multi-band nose event observed by Cluster/CODIF on April 11,2002.The modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are generally smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for outbound crossing;the difference varies from 2.02 to 0.62 R E for different energy channels of H + bands and from 1.88 to 1.10 R E for O + band.The average difference is 1.46 R E.The separatrices for the inbound crossing are generally larger than those of outbound crossing and are more consistent with the observed L-shell penetration depths.The modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for 6.5-17.1 keV energy channels of H + bands but larger for 4.0-5.1 keV(due to closed banana orbits region) and 21.7-35.2 keV(due to energy increasing) energy channels of H + bands.For O + band,the difference between the modeled open-closed orbit separatrix and observed L-shell penetrations of 4.6 keV energy channel is larger(due to closed banana orbits region),the difference of 7.4 keV energy channel is smaller.The overall average difference is 0.043 R E for nose structures of inbound crossing.The discrepancies between the model and observation may come from the magnetic field and electric potential models we used.The formation of multi nose event and relations to the observed plasma flow vortices are discussed,the local intense E Y may relate to the formation of the observed multi nose structures.展开更多
The CRISPR-Cas system, especially the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system from Streptococcuspyogenes, has rapidly emerged as a popular genome editing tool. The development of Cas9 derivatives further expanded the toolbox of CR...The CRISPR-Cas system, especially the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system from Streptococcuspyogenes, has rapidly emerged as a popular genome editing tool. The development of Cas9 derivatives further expanded the toolbox of CRISPR- Cas9 based genome editing kit. However, therapeutic transla- tion of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in vivo is severely impeded by the absence of an appropriate delivery carrier. The complex- ity and high molecular weight of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, together with the physiological barriers for nucleus targeted cargo transportation have made it a huge challenge for in vivo therapeutic CRISPR-Cas9 delivery. Currently, the main stream carriers for systemic delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 are vi- ral based, such as adeno-associated virus. However, the safety concerns surrounding viral vectors call for the development of non-viral nanocarriers. In this review, we survey the recent advances in the development of non-viral delivery systems for CRISPR-Cas9. Challenges and future directions in this field are also discussed.展开更多
基金Project (No. 60173046) supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China
文摘This paper firstly introduces the structure and working principle of DSP-based parallel system, parallel accelerating board and SHARC DSP chip. Then it pays attention to investigating the system’s programming characteristics, especially the mode of communication, discussing how to design parallel algorithms and presenting a domain-decomposition-based complete multi-grid parallel algorithm with virtual boundary forecast (VBF) to solve a lot of large-scale and complicated heat problems. In the end, Mandelbrot Set and a non-linear heat transfer equation of ceramic/metal composite material are taken as examples to illustrate the implementation of the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the solutions are highly efficient and have linear speedup.
基金Under the auspices of Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Related Issues of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05050503)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2013BAD11B00)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301242)
文摘Studying the relationship between climate factors and soil organic carbon （SOC） is vitally important. However, how SOC responses to climate （temperature and precipitation） at cohesive extents is poorly studied. Two transects of approximately the same length （transect P and transect T） were selected to examine the variation of SOC content in relation to mean annual temperature （MAT） and mean annual precipitation （MAP）. The coefficients of partial correlation between SOC density and MAT （Rt） and MAP （Rp） were determined to quantify the relationships between SOC density and the two climate factors. The results indicated that for transect T, Rt was statistically significant once the extent level was greater than or equal to two fundamental extent units, while for transect P, Rp showed statistical significance only at extent levels which were greater than two fundamental extent traits. At the same extent levels but in different transects, Rts exhibited no zonal difference, but Rps did once the extent level was greater than two fundamental extent units. Therefore, to study the relationship between SOC density and different climate factors, different minimum extent levels should be ex- amined. The results of this paper could deepen the understanding of the impacts that SOC pool has on terrestrial ecosystem and global carbon cycling.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11461038)Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(No.144NKCA040)
文摘To slove the problems of constrained energy and unbalanced load of wireless sensor network(WSN)nodes,a multipath load balancing routing algorithm based on neighborhood subspace cooperation is proposed.The algorithm adopts the improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm,takes the shortest distance and minimum energy consumption as optimization target and divides the nodes in one-hop neighborhood near the base station area into different regions.Furthermore,the algorithm designs a fitness function to find the best node in each region as a relay node and forward the data in parallel through the different paths of the relay nodes.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce energy consumption and average end-to-end delay,balance network load and prolong network lifetime effectively.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10574022the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China under Grant Nos.A0410016 and 2006J0230the Funds of Education Committee of Fujian Province under Grant No.JB05334
文摘Based on the input-output relation of a one-sided cavity, we propose an experimental scheme to implement entanglement swapping with photons. In the ideal case, the successful probability of the scheme approaches unity. In addition, the protocol can be extended to establish multiphoton entanglement among distant users in a communication network.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Startup Foundation of shenzhen University under Grant No. 200506.
文摘Based on the self-imaging effect, multimode interference (MMI) optical switches with area modulation were proposed. The field transfer matrix was introduced to analyze the MMI switches. As an example, the phase modulation parameters of a 3 × 3 MMI switch for different switching cases were obtained by solving the field transfer equation. And the finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) was used to confirm the analytical results.
基金supported by the Public Service Project of Zhejiang Province (2011C22026)the Special Award Funding for Postdoc in China (16000-X91009 and 316000 -X91005)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972282),the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301417)the Zhejiang Province Public Service Project (2011C11016)
文摘Acidic polysaccharide, which has various biological activities, is one of the most important components of sea cucumber. In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from four species of sea cucumber from three different geographical zones, Pearsonothuria graeffei(Pg) from Indo-Pacific, Holothuria vagabunda(Hv) from Norwegian Coast, Stichopus tremulu(St) from Western Indian Ocean, and Isostichopus badionotu(Ib) from Western Atlantic. The polysaccharide extract was separated and purified with a cellulose DEAE anion-exchange column to obtain corresponding sea cucumber fucans(SC-Fucs). The chemical property of these SC-Fucs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and sulfate content, was determined. Their structure was compared simply with fourier infrared spectrum analyzer and identified with high temperature 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analyzer(NMR) and room temperature 13 C NMR. The results indicated that Fuc-Pg obtained from the torrid zone mainly contained 2,4-O-disulfated and non-sulfated fucose residue, whereas Fuc-Ib from the temperate zone contained non-, 2-O- and 2,4-O-disulfated fucose residue; Fuc-St from the frigid zone and Fuc-Hv from the torrid zone contained mainly non-sulfated fucose residue. The proton of SC-Fucs was better resolved via high temperature 1H NMR than via room temperature 1H NMR. The fingerprint of sea cucumber in different sea regions was established based on the index of anomer hydrogen signal in SC-Fucs. Further work will help to understand whether there exists a close relationship between the geographical area of sea cucumber and the sulfation pattern of SC-Fucs.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(No.41506153)the Special Fund for Strategic Pilot Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences A(No.XDA11020701)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Samples were collected monthly from the sea area around Zhangzi Island,northern Yellow Sea,from July 2009 to June 2010.Vertical net towing was used to examine spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton abundance and biomass.Overall,C alanus sinicus and Saggita crassa were the dominant species found during the study period,while the amphipod T hemisto gracilipes was dominant in winter and spring.Vast numbers of the ctenophore species of the genus Beroe were found in October and November.It was not possible to count them,but they constituted a large portion of the total zooplankton biomass.Zooplankton species diversity was highest in October,and species evenness was highest in April.Zooplankton abundance(non-jellyfi sh)and biomass were highest in June and lowest in August,with annual averages of 131.3 ind./m3and 217.5 mg/m3,respectively.Water temperature may be responsible for the variations in zooplankton abundance and biomass.B eroe biomass was negatively correlated with other zooplankton abundance.Longterm investigations will be carried out to learn more about the infl uence of the environment on zooplankton assemblages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40831061,41074117)
文摘Nose event,which names after the nose-like shape of structures in ion spectrograms observed by satellite in the inner magnetosphere,refers to the deep inward penetration of ions from magnetotail at discrete energy bands.Nose events have been studied extensively both with observations and simulations since first discovered in 1970s.In this study we use the UBK method to model the different L-shell penetration characteristics for a multi-band nose event observed by Cluster/CODIF on April 11,2002.The modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are generally smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for outbound crossing;the difference varies from 2.02 to 0.62 R E for different energy channels of H + bands and from 1.88 to 1.10 R E for O + band.The average difference is 1.46 R E.The separatrices for the inbound crossing are generally larger than those of outbound crossing and are more consistent with the observed L-shell penetration depths.The modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for 6.5-17.1 keV energy channels of H + bands but larger for 4.0-5.1 keV(due to closed banana orbits region) and 21.7-35.2 keV(due to energy increasing) energy channels of H + bands.For O + band,the difference between the modeled open-closed orbit separatrix and observed L-shell penetrations of 4.6 keV energy channel is larger(due to closed banana orbits region),the difference of 7.4 keV energy channel is smaller.The overall average difference is 0.043 R E for nose structures of inbound crossing.The discrepancies between the model and observation may come from the magnetic field and electric potential models we used.The formation of multi nose event and relations to the observed plasma flow vortices are discussed,the local intense E Y may relate to the formation of the observed multi nose structures.
基金supported by the grants from North Carolina TraCS, NIH’s Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA, 1UL1TR001111) at UNC-CHSloan Fellowship Award from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
文摘The CRISPR-Cas system, especially the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system from Streptococcuspyogenes, has rapidly emerged as a popular genome editing tool. The development of Cas9 derivatives further expanded the toolbox of CRISPR- Cas9 based genome editing kit. However, therapeutic transla- tion of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in vivo is severely impeded by the absence of an appropriate delivery carrier. The complex- ity and high molecular weight of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, together with the physiological barriers for nucleus targeted cargo transportation have made it a huge challenge for in vivo therapeutic CRISPR-Cas9 delivery. Currently, the main stream carriers for systemic delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 are vi- ral based, such as adeno-associated virus. However, the safety concerns surrounding viral vectors call for the development of non-viral nanocarriers. In this review, we survey the recent advances in the development of non-viral delivery systems for CRISPR-Cas9. Challenges and future directions in this field are also discussed.
