蒙乃尔布气元件多孔性能的研究

蒙乃尔合金凭借其优良的耐高温、抗腐蚀和良好的抗高温冲击,在化工、核工业、石化等诸多领域得到广泛应用。结合流化床布气元件的使用工况和对多孔性能要求,选用蒙乃尔合金粉末制备多孔气体布气板。通过对粉末性能、成形压力和烧结温度等影响最大孔径、透气度主要因素的分析,认为,球形蒙乃尔粉末有利于开孔的形成,能有效增大多孔气体分布板的透过性。结果表明,粉末粒度大、粒度范围窄、压制压力越低,所对应的最大孔径和透气度相对较大;反之,最大孔径和透气度相对较小。烧结工艺是影响蒙乃尔多孔布气元件性能的主要因素,利用球形蒙乃尔粉末制备多孔板时,需要进行慢速升温和梯度保温工艺实现烧结。根据布气元件的工况要求,烧结温度选在1 150℃～1 300℃之间较为理想。

多孔混凝土疲劳性能的研究

多孔混凝土作为路面的基层,和面层一起受到车辆荷载和温度的反复作用,结构设计中需考虑其疲劳性能。通过室内小梁弯拉疲劳试验,分析疲劳寿命试验数据的概率分布,得出多孔混凝土疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布,以此建立了不同应力水平和等效应力水平下两种形式的疲劳方程;分析了疲劳寿命变异性的影响因素及减小变异性的相应措施,比较得出其疲劳性能优于半刚性基层材料。利用得出的疲劳方程,建立了以多孔混凝土作为水泥混凝土路面下面层荷载应力计算的疲劳应力系数,以及作为沥青路面基层时,进行层底弯拉应力验算的弯拉强度结构系数,可用于路面结构计算。

哈氏C-276多孔材料耐腐蚀性能的研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备了哈氏C-276多孔材料,研究了醋酸溶液对多孔材料微观形貌、质量、压溃强度及多孔性能的影响。结果表明,哈氏C-276烧结多孔材料具有很好的压溃强度、渗透特性和耐腐蚀性能。

多孔Si_3N_4高温有氧环境下介电性能试验研究

提出高温有氧环境下介电性能测试方案，并对多孔LSi3N4材料进行了7～18GHz高温有氧介电性能测试，得到了相应的随温度和频率变化数据及曲线结果表明测试方案有效可行，测试结果可见，在7～18GHz频段，测试频率对多孔LSi3N4材料的介电性能测试结果无明显影响同时，在升温过程中，介电常数逐渐增加，增幅不大；损耗角正切增加较快。

公路隧道高性能多孔水泥混凝土路面施工标准

伴随国民经济快速发展,公路工程建设规模逐渐扩大,面临着更为复杂的施工环境。在公路隧道施工过程中,水泥混凝土路面应用较为广泛,具有强度高、水稳性能好等优点,且承载能力相对较强,颜色浅亮尤其适用于大长隧道路面。本文主要对高性能多孔水泥混凝土路面施工标准进行了分析,研究其在隧道施工中的具体工艺,并探寻质量控制的有效措施。

浅谈混凝土多孔砖

本文着重介绍混凝土多孔砖,它是近年"禁实"、"限粘"后向墙材市场推出的一种非粘土类新型墙体,是适应目前建筑结构体系、节土节能、替代烧结粘土砖的新产品。

处理工艺对Fe-Al合金粉末成形性及生坯压溃强度的影响

为了提高Fe-Al合金粉末的压制成形性和生坯压溃强度,分析了氢气还原和真空退火工艺对Fe-Al合金粉末形貌和性能的影响,研究了原始粉末和经过处理后粉末所制管坯的成形率。结果发现,经氢气还原和真空退火处理后,粉末形貌变化不大,粉末性能提高,生坯压溃强度增强,成形性得到改善;尤其是经真空退火粉末的性能得到极大提高,氧的质量分数由0.5%低到0.2%,松装密度由1.82 g·cm^(-3);降低到1.64 g·cm^(-3),显微硬度由HV 260降低到HV 158,压缩比由63%降低到56%,生坯压溃强度由2.0 MPa提高到2.7 MPa,粉末成形性得到极大改善。在批量化压制长管坯时,对原始粉末预先进行真空退火处理,长管生坯数量成品率由50%提高至100%,产品成本降低。

Mechanical properties and pore structure deformation behaviour of biomedical porous titanium

Porous titanium has been shown to exhibit desirable properties as biomedical materials. In view of the load-bearing situation, the mechanical properties and pore structure deformation behaviour of porous titanium were studied. Porous titanium with porosities varying from 36%-66% and average pore size of 230 μm was fabricated by powder sintering. Microstructural features were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Uniaxial compression tests were used to probe the mechanical response in terms of elastic modulus and compressive strength. The mechanical properties of porous titanium were found to be close to the those of human bone, with stiffness values ranging from 1.86 to 14.7 GPa and compressive strength values of 85.16-461.94 MPa. The relationships between mechanical properties and relative densities were established, and the increase in relative density showed significant effects on mechanical properties and deformations of porous titanium. In a lower relative density, the microscopic deformation mechanism of porous titanium was yielding, bending and buckling of cell walls, while the deformation of yielding and bending of cell walls was observed in the porous titanium with higher relative density.

Preparation and photocatalytic performance of porous ZnO microrods loaded with Ag

Porous silver-modified ZnO microrods photocatalysts were synthesized through direct thermal decomposition of the Ag-doped zinctartrate precursor,which was prepared by homogeneous precipitation method at 80 °C for 2 h.The obtained samples were characterized by XRD,FTIR,TG？DTA and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy.The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared porous Ag/ZnO microrods was tested with the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange.The results indicate that doping Ag greatly improves the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and 3% Ag-doped（mole fraction） ZnO porous microrod photocatalyst exhibits the highest photocatalytic decolorization efficiency,leading to as much as 80% reduction of MO concentration in 120 min.Moreover,the 3% Ag-doped porous microrods also possess higher photocatalytic activity under the real sunlight irradiation.

Theoretical prediction of effective elastic constants for new intermetallic compound porous material

Based on microstructure analysis of the new Ti-A1 intermetallic compound porous material, a micromechanics model of heterogeneous Plateau porous structure was established and calculation formulas of elastic constants （including effective elastic modulus, effective shear elastic modulus and effective Poisson ratio） were derived by the energy method for this porous material. Calculation results show that both the effective elastic modulus and effective shear elastic modulus increase with the increase of the relative density while the effective Poisson ratio decreases. Compared with the currently-existing hexagonal honeycomb model and micromechanics model of composite materials, the micromechanics model of heterogeneous Plateau porous structure in this study is more suitable for characterizing the medium-density porous material and more accurate for predicting the effective elastic constants of the medium-density porous material. Moreover, the obtained explicit expressions of the effective elastic constants in term of the relative density rather than the microstructural parameters for the uniform and regular Plateau porous structure are more convenient to engineering application.

Effects of alkali and heat treatment on strength of porous Ti35Nb

Porous Ti35Nb alloy with a porosity of 66% was made by a powder metallurgical method, and then it was treated by a standard treatment for activating the surface of Ti implant materials involving alkali and heat treatment. The alkali and heat treatment causes damages of the struts of the porous Ti35Nb in the form of reaction products layer, grain-pullout and cracks. Consequently, it leads to a significant degradation of the strength of the porous alloy. The effect of the alkali and heat treatment on the strength of the porous alloy was discussed.

Nanostructured electrocatalytic materials and porous electrodes for direct methanol fuel cells

Direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs） are promising for use in portable devices because of advantages such as high fuel energy density, low working temperature and low emission of pollutants. Nanotechnology has been used to improve the performance of DMFCs. Catalytic materials composed of small, metallic particles with unique nanostructure supparted on carbons or metal oxides have been widely investigated for use in DMFCs. Despite our increased understanding of this type of fuel cell, many challenges still remain. This paper reviews the current developments of nanostructured elec- trocatalytic materials and porous electrodes for use in DMFCs. In particular, this review focuses on the synthesis and characterization of nanostructured catalysts and supporting materials. Both computational and experimental approaches to optimize mass transportation in porous electrodes of DMFCs, such as theoretical modeling of internal transfer processes and preparation of functional structures in membrane electrode assemblies, are introduced.

A binder-free, flexible cathode for rechargeable Na-O_2 batteries

Rechargeable Na-O2 batteries have attracted significant attention as energy storage devices owing to their theoretically high energy storage capacity and the natural abundance of sodium. However, practical applications of this type of battery still suffer from low specific capability, poor cycle sta- bility, instable electrolytes, and unstable polymer binders. Herein, we report a facile method of synthesizing binder free and flexible cathodes with C0304 nanowire arrays vertically grown onto carbon textiles. When employed as a cathode for Na-O2 batteries, this cathode exhibits superior performance, including a reduction of charge overpotential, high specific capacity （4687 mAh/g）, and cycle stability up to 62 cycles. These enhanced performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the porosity and catalytic activity of the C0304 nanowire catalyst.

Preparation of porous Mg electrode by electrodeposition

In order to obtain a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton, organic Mg fuel cell （OMFC）, the electrochemical behavior of Mg deposition on Cu and Ni metallic substrates in 1 mol/L EtMgBr/THF solution was investigated by SEM, EDS and electrochemical methods. The experimental results show that Mg can be electrodeposited on both substrates, as a continuous layer on a Cu substrate. Accordingly, an approach for producing a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton of OMFC was proposed by means of electrodeposition of Mg on a foamed Ni substrate with a layer of Cu pre-plating. The discharge performance of this porous Mg electrode of OMFC is superior to that of a planar Mg electrode.

Synthesis of a novel hexagonal porous TT-Nb2O5 via solid state reaction for high-performance lithium ion battery anodes

Hexagonal porous Nb2O5 was synthesized for the first time via a facile solid-state reaction.The structure and electrochemical properties have been optimized through tuning heating temperature.X-ray diffraction results indicate that pseudo hexagonal Nb2O5(TT-Nb2O5)and orthorhombic Nb2O5 have been synthesized at different temperatures.Hexagonal sheet and porous structure of Nb2O5 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and N2-adsorption-desorption isotherms.The as-prepared TT-Nb2O5(heated at 600℃)shows the best performance with a remarkable charge capacity of 178 mA∙h/g at 0.2C,which is higher than that of T-Nb2O5.Even at 20℃,TT-Nb2O5 offers unprecedented rate capability up to 86 mA∙h/g.The high rate capacity is due to pseudocapacitive Li+intercalation mechanism of TT-Nb2O5.The reported results demonstrate that Nb2O5 with good crystal structure and high specific surface area is a powerful composite design for high-rate and safe anode materials.

Mechanical properties of porous titanium with different distributions of pore size

To satisfy the mechanical and biological requirement of porous bone substitutes, porous Ti with two different pore sizes designed in advance was fabricated by the space-holder sintering process. Mechanical properties of the porous Ti were explored via room temperature compressive tests. The pore sizes and shapes are uniform throughout the specimens with porosities ranging from 36% to 63%. The compression strength and the elastic modulus are in the range from 94.05 to 468.57 MPa and 2.662 to 18 GPa, respectively. It is worth noting that the relationship between the compressive strength and the porosities is completely linear relation beyond the effect of pore size distributions on the mechanical properties. The value of the constant C achieved from the Gibson-Ashby model suggests that the pore sizes affect the yield strength of the porous Ti and the values of density exponent （n） for porous Ti with two different pore sizes are higher than 2, which suggests that the deformation mode of the porous Ti with a porosity ranging from 36% to 63% is mainly buckling of the cell struts.

Synthesis of porous nano/micro structured LiFePO_4/C cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by spray-drying method

In order to enhance electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 （LFP） cathode materials, spherical porous nano/micro structured LFP/C cathode materials were synthesized by spray drying, followed by calcination. The results show that the spherical precursors with the sizes of 0.5-5 μm can be completely converted to LFP/C when the calcination temperature is higher than 500 ℃. The LFP/C microspheres obtained at calcination temperature of 700 ℃ are composed of numerous particles with sizes of -20 nm, and have well-developed interconnected pore structure and large specific surface area of 28.77 mE/g. The specific discharge capacities of the LFP/C obtained at 700 ℃ are 162.43, 154.35 and 144.03 mA.h/g at 0.5C, 1C and 2C, respectively. Meanwhile, the capacity retentions can reach up to 100% after 50 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties of the materials are ascribed to a small Li＋ diffusion resistance and special structure of LFP/C microspheres.

Nanospike surface-modified bionic porous titanium implant and in vitro osteogenic performance

This work aimed to prepare the nanospike surface-modified bionic porous titanium implants that feature favorableosteointegration performance and anti-bacterial functions.The implant was prepared using freeze casting,and nanospikesurface-modification of the implant was performed using thermal oxidation.The pore morphology and size,mechanical properties,and osteogenic performance of the implants were analyzed and discussed.The results showed that when the volume ratio of titaniumpowder in slurry was set to be10%,the porosity,pore diameter,compressive strength,and elastic modulus of the porous sampleswere(58.32±1.08)%,(126.17±18.64)μm,(58.51±20.38)MPa and(1.70±0.52)GPa,respectively.When the porous sample wassintered at a temperature of1200°C for1h,these values were(58.24±1.50)%,(124.16±13.64)μm,(54.77±27.55)MPa and(1.63±0.30)GPa,respectively.The nanospike surface-modified bionic porous titanium implants had favorable pore morphology andsize,mechanical properties and osteointegration performance through technology optimization,and showed significant clinicalapplication prospect.

Preparation of dendritic bismuth film electrodes and their application for detection of trace Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)

In this paper,dendritic Bi film electrodes with porous structure had successfully been prepared on glassy carbon electrode using a constant current electrolysis method based on hydrogen bubble dynamic templates.The electrode prepared using a large applied current density showed an increased internal electroactive area and a significantly improved electrochemical performance.The analytical utility of the prepared dendritic Bi film electrodes for the determination of Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)in the range of 5–50 μg·L^(-1)were presented in combination with square wave stripping voltammetry in model solution.Compared with non-porous Bi film electrode,the dendritic Bi film electrode exhibited higher sensitivity and lower detection limit.The prepared Bi film electrode with dendritic structure was also successfully applied to real water sample analysis.

Relationship between interfacial structure and property of steel-mushy Al-28Pb bonding pate

The interfacial properties of steel-mushy Al-28Pb bonding plate with different interfacial structures, and the influence of ratio of Fe-Al compound at the interface on interfacial shear strength were investigated. The results show that there is a nonlinear relationship between the ratio of Fe-Al compound at the interface and the interfacial shear strength. When the ratio of Fe-Al compound at the interface is smaller than 71.4%, with the increase of the ratio of Fe-Al compound at the interface, the interfacial shear strength increases gradually; when the ratio of Fe-Al compound at the interface is larger than 71.4%, with the increase of the ratio of Fe-Al compound at the interface, the interfacial shear strength decreases continuously; when the ratio of Fe-Al compound at the interface is 71.4%, the largest interfacial shear strength 70.2MPa is obtained.