多孔电沉积制备纳米线

分析了国内外的研究合成半导体纳米线现状及未来的发展趋势。采用电化学AAO模板法的进行制备合成。并对制备工艺和模板材料的选择进行了分析和研究。

多孔氧化铝模板电沉积法制备铁纤维阵列

利用多孔氧化铝模板电沉积法成功地制备了α铁相纤维阵列。结果表明:此法制备的铁纤维直径约为300nm,纤维长度随电沉积时间的增加而增加;铁纤维长径比增加会使单位面积饱和磁化强度(Ms)增大、矫顽力(Hc)减小。

电沉积制备多孔铅电极及其对CO2的电还原性能

采用铜片为基底,利用其自身析出的氢气泡为模板,通过电沉积的方法合成了具有三维多孔结构的铅沉积层,并将其作为电极材料应用到CO2的电还原反应中。考察了不同沉积时间及不同沉积电流密度对电极形貌及电催化还原CO2性能的影响,得出在5℃下,沉积电流密度为-6 A/cm2,沉积时间为20 s时,电极催化效果最好,在施加电位为-1.7 V时生成甲酸的最高电流效率可达96.8%。

Preparation and electrochemical lithium storage performance of porous silicon microsphere composite with metal modification and carbon coating

This work adopts a multi⁃step etching⁃heat treatment strategy to prepare porous silicon microsphere com⁃posite with Sb⁃Sn surface modification and carbon coating(pSi/Sb⁃Sn@C),using industrial grade SiAl alloy micro⁃spheres as a precursor.pSi/Sb⁃Sn@C had a 3D structure with bimetallic(Sb⁃Sn)modified porous silicon micro⁃spheres(pSi/Sb⁃Sn)as the core and carbon coating as the shell.Carbon shells can improve the electronic conductivi⁃ty and mechanical stability of porous silicon microspheres,which is beneficial for obtaining a stable solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film.The 3D porous core promotes the diffusion of lithium ions,increases the intercalation/delithia⁃tion active sites,and buffers the volume expansion during the intercalation process.The introduction of active met⁃als(Sb⁃Sn)can improve the conductivity of the composite and contribute to a certain amount of lithium storage ca⁃pacity.Due to its unique composition and microstructure,pSi/Sb⁃Sn@C showed a reversible capacity of 1247.4 mAh·g^(-1) after 300 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 1.0 A·g^(-1),demonstrating excellent rate lithium storage performance and enhanced electrochemical cycling stability.

Preparation of porous Mg electrode by electrodeposition

In order to obtain a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton, organic Mg fuel cell （OMFC）, the electrochemical behavior of Mg deposition on Cu and Ni metallic substrates in 1 mol/L EtMgBr/THF solution was investigated by SEM, EDS and electrochemical methods. The experimental results show that Mg can be electrodeposited on both substrates, as a continuous layer on a Cu substrate. Accordingly, an approach for producing a porous Mg electrode with a stable skeleton of OMFC was proposed by means of electrodeposition of Mg on a foamed Ni substrate with a layer of Cu pre-plating. The discharge performance of this porous Mg electrode of OMFC is superior to that of a planar Mg electrode.

Electrochemical discharging performance of 3D porous magnesium electrode in organic electrolyte

A novel type of porous magnesium electrode with a stable 3D copper foam as current collectors for the organic magnesium-air battery was prepared by both amperostatic and pulsed electrodeposition of magnesium on copper foam substrates in an electrolyte of 1 mol/L EtMgBr/THF solution, respectively. Optimal parameters of the pulsed electrodeposition were obtained using a bending cathode at the right angle. The surface morphology of the porous electrode was investigated by SEM, and the discharging performance of the porous magnesium electrode was detected by the chronoamperometric measurement. The electrochemical stability of 3D copper foam current collectors was examined by cyclic voltammetry, SEM and ICP-OES analyses. The results show that the rate capability of the porous magnesium electrode with a stable 3D copper foam as a current collector is better than that of the planar magnesium electrode, and the rate capability of the porous magnesium electrode prepared by the pulsed electrodeposition is superior to that of the porous magnesium electrode prepared by the amperostatic electrodeposition. The 3D structure of copper foam current collectors of the porous magnesium electrode could keep stable during the discharging process.

Rational construction of cross-linked porous nickel arrays for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

It is important but challenging to design and fabricate an efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Herein, we report free-standing 3 D nickel arrays with a cross-linked porous structure as interesting and high-performance electrocatalysts for OER via a facile one-step electrodeposition method. The 3 D nickel arrays are strongly anchored on the substrate, forming self-supported electrocatalysts with reinforced structural stability and high electrical conductivity. Because of their increased active surface area, abundant channels for electron/ion transportation and enhanced electronic conductivity, the designed 3 D nickel arrays exhibit superior electrocatalytic OER performance with a low overpotential(496 mV at 50 mA cm–2) and a small Tafel slope(43 mV dec–1) as well as long-term stability(no decay after 24 h) in alkaline solution. Our proposed rational design strategy may open up a new way to construct other advanced 3 D porous materials for widespread application in electrocatalysis.

Synthesis and Characterization of Supported CulnSe2 Nanorod Arrays on Rigid Substrates

Copper indium diselenide nanorod arrays were electrodeposited on tungsten/silicon rigid substrates using porous anodic alumina as growth template. The porous anodic alumina templates were prepared by anodizing aluminum films which were sputtered onto the tungsten/silicon substrates. A selective chemical etching was used to penetrate the barrier layer at the bottom of the alumina channels before electrodeposition, which enables direct electrical and chemical contact with the underside substrate electrode. The as-deposited samples were annealed at 450 ℃ in vacuum. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanorods were dense and compact with diameter of about 100 nm, length of approximate 1 um, and the aspect ratio of 10. X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that chalcopyrite polycrystalline structure and high purity CuInSe2 nanorods were obtained. The grain size was large in the rod axial direction. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed the composition was nearly stoichiometric. The energy band gap of this nanorod arrays was analyzed by fundamental absorption spectrum and was evaluated to be 0.96 eV.

A nanoporous oxide interlayer makes a better Pt catalyst on a metallic substrate： Nanoflowers on a nanotube bed

To improve the contact between platinum catalyst and titanium substrate, a layer of TiO2 nanotube arrays has been synthesized before depositing Pt nanoflowers by pulse electrodeposition. Dramatic improvements in electrocatalytic activity （3x） and stability （60x） for methanol oxidation were found, suggesting promising applications in direct methanol fuel cells. The 3x and 60x improvements persist for Pt/Pd catalysts used to overcome the CO poisoning problem.