鄂西北半干旱地区多季节造林技术研究

试验结果表明:鄂西北秋季造林比春季造林成活率可提高30%左右,差异显著;苗木高生长可提高1.6～6.0倍,地径生长变化不大;对于不同树种,中、晚秋造林成活率不同,针叶树种如湿地松、杉木等中、晚秋造林成活率变化不大,而阔叶树如刺槐、沙棘等晚秋造林成活率则明显高于中秋造林。因此,鄂西北地区造林应根据造林树种不同而选择相应的造林时间,尤其是阔叶树种应在10月中旬造林效果最佳,针叶树种造林时间可以提前到9月中旬。

棚(室)甜椒多季节采收栽培法

棚(室)甜椒多季节采收栽培法具有省工省种、采收期长、产量高、效益好等优点。据2000年以来唐山市丰南区菜农利用冀优型日光节能温室大面积种植,一般亩可产1.5万公斤,获产值3.5万元,比甜椒多茬种植的经济效益高。其主要栽培技术要点是: 一。

渤海口虾蛄仔虾季节性分布及其早期补充模式

仔虾是口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)早期生活史的重要阶段,其转为底栖生活所需的环境条件及我国近海口虾蛄早期补充模式,仍缺乏了解。基于2017年春季(3-6月)和夏秋季(8-11月)8个航次的渤海渔业资源底拖网调查数据,分析了各月份口虾蛄仔虾(<60 mm)的分布、出现概率和样本量等,并利用广义加性模型筛选出影响仔虾出现概率的主要环境因子。通过文献综述,回顾了我国近海口虾蛄产卵期、胚胎和幼体发育、仔虾生长特性等繁殖特征和早期生长发育历程,结合仔虾季节性分布,阐释渤海口虾蛄群体的早期补充模式。结果发现,春季,仔虾在4-5月出现频次较高,其分布区随水温升高逐步向北扩散或偏移,显著影响其出现概率的环境因子为底层温度、底质平均粒径和粒径偏度;夏秋季,仔虾在9-10月分布广泛,11月趋向斑块化分布、出现频次降低,显著影响因子为底层温度、底层盐度和底质含沙百分比。渤海口虾蛄群体呈现多季节补充模式。其产卵期长达5个月,5-7月产出的受精卵预计在7―9月发育成Ⅰ期仔虾,在9-11月长成全长50mm左右的仔虾;8-9月产出的受精卵,预计在10―11月左右发育成Ⅰ期仔虾,12月至次年3月受低温限制停止生长,在4-5月水温回升时逐步长成50 mm左右的仔虾。

一种考虑季节特性的光伏电站多模型功率预测方法

随着并网光伏发电容量的持续增加及多能源发电协同利用的需要,光伏发电功率的高精度预测对于提高规模化光伏发电的优化调度和安全运行日益重要。为了解决单一预测模型精度低的问题,提出了一种基于季节气象特征划分的光伏发电多模型预测方法。通过不同季节下光伏发电系统的电气特性和出力特性分析,说明了按照季节来划分功率预测多模型的必要性。以某光伏电站为例,利用BP神经网络建立不同季节的光伏发电预测模型,通过遗传算法优化了季节模型参数。利用实测数据对2种功率预测方法进行了比较,结果表明,该方法能有效提高光伏电站的功率预测精度。

湖北省精准灭荒工程实用技术

由省政府提出的三年(2018~2020)实施精准灭荒工程战略,是对习总书记"建设美丽中国"号召的最积极响应和最忠实的践行,必将加快生态立省建设,推进长江经济带生态保护和绿色发展,进一步提升湖北省生态系统质量和稳定性。湖北省精准灭荒工程实用技术是在"鄂西北困难立地造林技术"成果基础上,经吸收整合当前常用的石漠化综合治理技术而成。本文详细地介绍了湖北省精准灭荒工程实用技术所包含的困难立地造林树种选择及苗木处理技术、困难立地林地清理及整地技术,以及多季节造林、覆膜造林、保水剂造林等困难立地主要造林技术等,旨在充分发挥科学技术的先导和支撑作用,以期为湖北省精准灭荒工程提供技术服务。该技术适宜在鄂西北地区及全省生态脆弱地区精准灭荒工程中推广和应用。

Seasonal dynamics of wintering waterbirds in two shallow lakes along Yangtze River in Anhui Province

The shallow lake wetlands in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain are important wintering and stopover habitats for migratory waterbirds on the East Asia-Australia Flyway.With increasing fishery practices in recent years,however,the wetlands have deteriorated significantly and now threaten wintering waterbirds.To gain insight into the influence of deteriorating wetlands on waterbirds,we conducted a survey of wintering waterbird species,population size,and distribution across 11 belt transects in Caizi Lake and Shengjin Lake,two shallow lakes along the Yangtze River in Anhui Province from November 2007-April 2008 and from November 2008-April 2009,respectively.The impacts of different fishery patterns on the distribution of waterbirds were also analyzed.A total of 43 waterbirds species belong to 7 orders of 12 families were counted during the surveys,of which 38 were found in Caizi Lake with a density of 8.2 ind./hm2,and 42 in Shengjin Lake with a density of 3.5 ind./hm2.Geese（Anser cygnoides）,bean geese（Anser fabalis）,tundra swan（Cygnus columbianus）,and dunlin（Calidris alpina） were the dominant species in the two shallow lakes.Species number and individual assemble reached maximum at the end of December and in early January of the following year,without coincidence of the largest flock for different ecological groups.Based on waterbird diversity across the 11 belt transects and the fishery patterns,habitats could be divided into three groups.Gruiformes,Anseriformes and Charadriiformes had relatively higher densities in the natural fishery zones and lower densities in the cage fishery zones;whereas,the density of Ardeidae showed little change across all lake zones.It is important to develop sustainable fishery patterns in shallow lakes along the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain to better protect resources of wintering waterbirds.

橘红心娃娃菜新品种九千娃娃菜1号的选育

九千娃娃菜1号是山东春秋大白菜育种研究中心以自交不亲和系夏08-219与自交不亲和系08-371配制而成的橘红心娃娃菜杂交种。该品种生育期50～55d,矮桩合抱舒心炮弹型,类胡萝卜素含量55.7mg·kg-1,单球质量0.32～2.1kg,做娃娃菜栽培667m2可种植0.8万～1.2万株,做大白菜栽培时4000株左右。抗病毒病、霜霉病、软腐病、干烧心等多种病害,适宜全国大部分地区晚春、夏秋季栽培。

多抗优质翻黄心类大白菜新品种菊冠的选育

菊冠(09-166F1)是以自交不亲和系08-351与自交不亲和系08-679配制而成的翻心黄类早熟一代杂交种。该品种生育期60～65d,中桩直筒舒心型,球内叶及球顶均为鲜黄色,遇低温不易变白,球高27～33cm,球粗14～18cm,单球质量2.2～2.8kg,人工接种TuMV鲁2株系病情指数为1.5,高抗病毒病,兼抗霜霉病、软腐病、干烧心等多种病害,适宜全国大部分地区晚春、夏秋以及秋冬季栽培。

Study on the Biological Diversity of Nematode-trapping Fungi in Erhai Lake

[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the biological diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in the sediment of Erhai Lake.[Method]616 pieces of sediments were collected from Erhai Lake.The traditional classification and identification methods were used to isolate,purify and identify.[Result]3 genera and 22 species of nematode-trapping fungi were isolated.Arthrobotrys oligospora,A.musiformis and Dactylella leptospora were the dominant species,and their detection rates were 28.05%,16.04% and 8.92% respectively.By analyzing the diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in four seasons,it was found that the biological diversity was richer in summer,spring and autumn,and the diversity indexes were 2.59,2.47 and 2.34 respectively.The diversity index in winter was 1.48 and was lower.Species forming the adhesive nets were predominant;positive rate was 41.00%.[Conclusion]The rich nematode-trapping fungi resource existed in Erhai Lake,and its biological diversity had the seasonal variation characteristic.The nematode-trapping fungi which formed the viscous net were the dominant species in Erhai Lake.

Genetic Analysis on Plant Height in Rice in Different Growing Seasons

[Objective] The aim was to carry out the genetic analysis on plant height of rice（Oryza sativa L.）cultivated in different seasons.[Method] Three rice parents with great difference in plant height including CB1（83.1 cm）,CB4（105.5 cm）and CB7（115.6 cm）were chosen to construct two parental combinations：CB1×CB4 and CB7×CB4,and the corresponding filial generations P1,F1,P2,B1,B2 and F2 were obtained.The 6 populations were planted in middle and late seasons respectively to measure their height traits.The Akaike＇s information criterion（AIC）of the mixed major gene and polygene model was used to indentify the existence of major genes affecting quantitative traits in B1,B2,F2 populations.When the major genes existed,the genetic effects of the major genes and polygenes and their genetic variance were estimated through segregation analysis.[Result] One additive major gene plus additive-dominance polygenes was the most fitted genetic model for the trait in all B1,B2,F2 populations in two planting seasons.The heritability values of the major genes varied from 38.63% to 78.53% and those of polygenes varied from 1.72% to 36.04%,and the total heritability values were 45.52-92.93%.The additive effect d value of the two genetic populations under two planting seasons was-4.56,-9.16,-7.19,and-9.38,respectively,as suggested that additive effect of the major genes would decrease the express of the plant height trait.[Conclusion] The heritability of plant height trait was affected by planting seasons and the combinations clearly as a whole.

发展前景看好的五类果树

无核果树无核果实没有种籽、果核或种籽、果核为可食性软核，食用方便。因此该类水果一经问世，便备受广大消费者的青睐，如：无核桃、无核梨和无核葡萄等。

多季养蚕模式下的桑树管理

蚕桑产业是我国古代的传统优势农业,蕴藏巨大发展潜力,应充分发挥我国优势,加强管护。为了更好地在多季养蚕,桑树管理技术显得尤其重要,探讨了多季养蚕模式下桑树管理技术,以促进新时期蚕桑产业的良好发展。

Advantages of the latest Los Alamos Sea-Ice Model(CICE):evaluation of the simulated spatiotemporal variation of Arctic sea ice

The Los Alamos Sea-Ice Model(CICE)is one of the most popular sea-ice models.All versions of it have been the main sea-ice module coupled to climate system models.Therefore,evaluating their simulation capability is an important step in developing climate system models.Compared with observations and previous versions(CICE4.0 and CICE5.0),the advantages of CICE6.0(the latest version)are analyzed in this paper.It is found that CICE6.0 has the minimum interannual errors,and the seasonal cycle it simulates is the most consistent with observations.CICE4.0 overestimates winter sea-ice and underestimates summer sea-ice severely.Meanwhile,the errors of CICE5.0 in winter are larger than for the other versions.The main attention is paid to the perennial ice and the seasonal ice.The spatial distribution of root-mean-square errors indicates that the simulated errors are distributed in the Atlantic sector and the outer Arctic.Both CICE4.0 and CICE5.0 underestimate the concentration of the perennial ice and overestimate that of the seasonal ice in these areas.Meanwhile,CICE6.0 solves this problem commendably.Moreover,the decadal trends it simulates are comparatively the best,especially in the central Arctic sea.The other versions underestimate the decadal trend of the perennial ice and overestimate that of the seasonal ice.In addition,an index used to objectively describe the difference in the spatial distribution between the simulation and observation shows that CICE6.0 produces the best simulated spatial distribution.

Response of Lakes to Climate Change in Xainza Basin Tibetan Plateau Using Multi-Mission Satellite Data from 1976 to 2008

Changes in the lake areas of Xainza basin in the past 33 years （1976 to 2008） were studied using Landsat data from Multispectral Scanners （1973- 1977）, Thematic Mapper （1989-1992, 2007-2009）, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （1999-2002）. The results indicated that lakes in the study area evidently expanded from 1976 to 2008, with total expansion of 1512.64km2. The mean annual air temperature presented an upward trend with certain fluctuations from 1966 to 2008. The air temperature rise rates in the cold season （o.31~C/loa） were higher than those in the hot season （0.24℃/1oa）, in the Xainza station example. Precipitation exhibited evident seasonal differences. Mean annual precipitation in hot season is 281.48 mm and cold season is 32.66 mm from 1966 to 2008 in study area. Precipitation in the hot season was the major contributor to the increase in annual precipitation. Grey relational analysis （GRA） was used to study the response of lake areas to climatic factors. The mean air temperature and precipitation were selected as comoared series, and the lake areas were regarded as the reference series. The grey relational grade （GRG） between compared series and reference series were calculated through GRA. The results indicated that changes in lake areas were mainly affected by climatic factors in the hot season. Lakes in this region were classified into three grades, namely, Grades I, II, and III according to the recharge source and elevation. The GRGs of each series varied for different grade lakes： the area of Grade III lakes were the most relevant to the hot season factors, the GRGs of precipitation and air temperature were 0.7570 and 0.6606; followed by the Grade II lakes; Grade I lakes were more sensitive to the air temperature.

Spatio-seasonal patterns of fish diversity,Haizhou Bay,China

Spatial-seasonal patterns in fish diversity in Haizhou Bay were studied based on stratified random surveys conducted in 2011.Principal component analysis was conducted to distinguish different diversity components,and the relationships among 11 diversity indices were explored.Generalized additive models were constructed to examine the environmental effects on diversity indices.Eleven diversity indices were grouped into four components:(1) species numbers and richness,(2) heterogeneous indices,(3) evenness,and(4) taxonomic relatedness.The results show that diversity indices among different components are complementary.Spatial patterns show that fish diversity was higher in coastal areas,which was affected by complex bottom topography and spatial variations of water mass and currents.Seasonal trends could be best explained by the seasonal migration of dominant fish species.Fish diversity generally declined with increasing depth except for taxonomic distinctness,which increased with latitude.In addition,bottom temperature had a significant effect on diversity index of richness.These results indicate that substrate complexity and environmental gradients had important influences on fish diversity patterns,and these factors should be considered in fishery resource management and conservation.Furthermore,diversity in two functional groups(demersal/pelagic fishes) was influenced by different environmental factors.Therefore,the distribution of individual species or new indicators in diversity should be applied to examine spatio-seasonal variations in fish diversity.

Seasonal Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water and Sediment of A Multi-level Ditch System in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

The multi-level ditch system developed in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China has sped up water drainage process hence transferred more pollutants from farmlands into the rivers of this region.Understanding the seasonal dynamics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transportation in the ditch system and the role of different ditch size is thus crucial for water pollution control of the rivers in the Sanjiang Plain.In this study,an investigation was conducted in the Nongjiang watershed of the Sanjiang Plain to study the nutrient variation and the correlation between water and sediments in the ditch system in terms of ditch level.Water and sediments samples were collected in each ditch level in growing season at regular intervals (once per month),and TN,NO 3--N,NH 4+-N,TP,and PO 4 3--P were analyzed.The results show that nutrient contents in water were higher in June and July,especially in July,the contents of TN and TP were 3.21mg/L and 0.84mg/L in field ditch,4.04mg/L and 1.06mg/L in lateral ditch,2.46mg/L and 0.70mg/L in branch ditch,1.92mg/L and 0.63mg/L in main ditch,respectively.In August and September,the nutrient contents in the water were relatively lower.The peak value of nutrient in ditch water had been moving from the field ditch to the main ditch over time,showing a remarkable impact of ditch system on river water environment.The nutrient transfer in ditch sediments could only be found in rainfall season.Nutrient contents in ditch sediment had effect on that in ditch water,but nutrients in ditch water and sediments had different origination.Ditch management in terms of the key fac-tors is hence very important for protecting river water environment.

Community Structure and Seasonal Variation of Soil Arthropods in the Forest-Steppe Ecotone of the Mountainous Region in Northern Hebei,China

Soil fauna have been receiving more and more attention because they play an important role in nutrient cycling.However,there is a lack of information on soil arthropods in the forest-steppe ecotone in the mountainous region of northern Hebei,which makes it difficult to meet the need of protecting biodiversity in this area.Soil arthropod communities were investigated in the forest-steppe ecotone in northern Hebei province to provide basic information on changes in mountain soil fertility,which could promote the development of soil arthropod communities in mountain ecotones.From the preliminary identification,a total of 7994 individual soil arthropods were collected,which belonged to 25 groups,6 classes and 24 orders.Acarina,Hymenoptera and Collembola were the dominant groups in the ecotone.The number of Acarina was higher than Collembola,and this phenomenon was obviously different from other areas in the same climate zone.The increased abundance of rare groups in the Forest zone with the richer vegetation,higher arthropod abundance and more substantial litter depth,could be interpreted as a reaction to the suitable soil environment and food supply.And these rare groups were sensitive to environmental changes,which could be regarded as biotic indicators for evaluating soil quality.The analysis of community diversity showed that the abundance index (d),the Shannon-Wiener index (H'),the evenness index (J) and the density-group index (DG) were significantly higher in the forest zone,lower in the forest-steppe zone,and lowest in the meadow-steppe zone.Seasonal variations in community composition correlated with changes in average air temperature and precipitation in this ecotone.Groups and individuals of soil arthropod communities in the three zones were present in greater numbers in the middle of the rainy season than in the early or late periods of the rainy season as a whole.At the same time,seasonal changes in soil arthropod communities from different plots were also influenced by habitat condition.