Optimizing polypharmacy interventions and evaluating their impact on elderly inpatients using dual criteria and medication appropriateness index

With the acceleration of society’s aging process,the widespread phenomenon of polypharmacy among the elderly has become a significant concern.This research aimed to analyze potential inappropriate medication among 178 inpatients in the geriatric general department of our hospital from January 2022 to September 2022.The participants were randomly assigned to an observation group and a control group.The observation group received pharmaceutical intervention,whereas the control group did not.The objective was to explore the impact of pharmaceutical intervention on polypharmacy in this population.The results revealed that after pharmaceutical intervention,there were no significant differences in medication adherence,medication appropriateness index(MAI),quantity of medicine,and potentially inappropriate medication(PIM)in the control group compared to before the intervention(P>0.05).However,the observation group showed significant improvement(P<0.05).The proportion of patients with good adherence increased from 57%to 78%,and the percentage of patients with MAI scores over 10 decreased from 60%to 40%.Moreover,there was a reduction in the number of medications prescribed,with only 47%of patients receiving more than five different types compared to the initial rate of 64%.Additionally,the occurrence of PIM declined from an initial rate of 64%to just 44%,surpassing that observed in the control group.Therefore,the implementation of pharmaceutical intervention can effectively enhance medication adherence and appropriateness among elderly patients,mitigate the risk of PIM,and promote rational medicine utilization.

Mechanical properties and pore structure deformation behaviour of biomedical porous titanium

Porous titanium has been shown to exhibit desirable properties as biomedical materials. In view of the load-bearing situation, the mechanical properties and pore structure deformation behaviour of porous titanium were studied. Porous titanium with porosities varying from 36%-66% and average pore size of 230 μm was fabricated by powder sintering. Microstructural features were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Uniaxial compression tests were used to probe the mechanical response in terms of elastic modulus and compressive strength. The mechanical properties of porous titanium were found to be close to the those of human bone, with stiffness values ranging from 1.86 to 14.7 GPa and compressive strength values of 85.16-461.94 MPa. The relationships between mechanical properties and relative densities were established, and the increase in relative density showed significant effects on mechanical properties and deformations of porous titanium. In a lower relative density, the microscopic deformation mechanism of porous titanium was yielding, bending and buckling of cell walls, while the deformation of yielding and bending of cell walls was observed in the porous titanium with higher relative density.

Morphological Diversity Analysis of Red-seed Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao) Germplasm Resources

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the morphological diversity of red- seed watermelon （Citrullus lanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus Lin et Chao） germplasm resources. [Method] Multiple cluster analysis and principal components analysis on the morphological traits of 51 red-seed watermelon germplasm resources were carried out. [Result] The coefficient of variations （CVs） of 39 morphological traits in 51 red-seed watermelon idioplasm resources ranged from 5.37% to 66.95%, with an average of 22.87%. The average of Shannon diversity information indices was 1.55. Among them, the Shannon diversity information index of seed length was the highest （2.16） and that of seed shell figure pattern was the lowest （0.32）. In ad- dition, the morphological diversity information indices of quantity characters were higher than that of quality characters. The principal components analysis revealed that the variance contribution rates of the first, second and third principal compo- nents were 19.49%, 15.32% and 9.55%, respectively. Cluster analysis divided the 51 materials into three broad branches based on the morphological traits. There was only one material in the fist branch and two in the second branch, and all the three materials were wild. The other 48 materials were divided into the third branch and all of them were cultivars. [Conclusion] This study provided a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of red-seed watermelon resources.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of isothermal multi-axial forging formed AZ61 Mg alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61 Mg alloy during isothermal multi-axial forging （MAF） were studied. The mechanisms of grain refinement and relationship between the microstructures and mechanical properties were discussed. The results show that the average grain size decreases with increasing the number of MAF passes. The grains are significantly refined at the 1st and 2nd MAF passes, and gradually refined at higher MAF passes. The initial grain size of 148 lam decreases to about 14 gm after 6 MAF passes. The grain refinement occurs mainly by continuous dynamic recrystallization. With increasing the MAF passes, both the tensile strength and the elongation to failure of the alloy are significantly enhanced.

Immunologic pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis （MS） is an autoimmune disease. The etiology and pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. At present, there are substantial evidences to support the hypothesis that genetics plays a crucial role. The people who have genetic predisposing genes easily develop immune-mediated disorder, probably in conjunction with environmental factors. The aim of this review is to describe recent observations regarding the immunologic pathogenesis of MS.

Analysis on the Main Botanical Characters of 41 Cucurbita moschata Varieties

In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, internode length, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the largest leaf, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content of 41 cultivars were measured for conducting diversity, correlation and cluster analysis. The results revealed that the pumpkin cultivars showed large variations in fruit stem length, single fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness, but small variations in initial flowering date. Significant, even highly significant correlations were found among the tested traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 41 old Cucurbita moschata cultivars were divided into three groups, of which multiple traits of Group 1 were better than those in the other two groups. High similarities existed in three groups and the cultivars in each group. This research provided basis for selecting excellent traits and parents for the breeding of hybrids.

MULTI-BODY AEROELASTIC STABILITY ANALYSIS OF TILTROTOR AIRCRAFT IN HELICOPTER MODE

The muhi-body analysis of the aeroelastic stability of the tiltrotor aircraft is presented. Muhi-body dynamic differential equations are combined with the equations of the unsteady dynamic inflow model to establish the complete unsteadily aeroelastic coupling analytical model of the tiltrotor. The stability of the tiltrotor in the helicopter mode is analyzed aiming at a semi span soft-inplane tihrotor model with an elastic wing. Parametric effects of the lag stiffness of blades and the flight speed are analyzed. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the multibody analytical model can analyze the aeroelastic stability of the tiltrotor aircraft in the helicopter mode.

Structure and mechanical properties of thick Cr/Cr_2N/CrN multilayer coating deposited by multi-arc ion plating

A Cr/Cr2N/CrN multilayer coating with a thickness of 24.4 μm was deposited by multi-arc ion plating. The coating was systematically characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry(XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Hardness and adhesion were tested by nanoindentation and scratch tester, respectively. The friction properties were investigated by a reciprocating UMT-3MT ball-on-disk tribometer in air and seawater. The results showed that the multilayer coating consisted of three different layers, with Cr,Cr2N and CrN phases, respectively. Compared with CrN single layer coating, the adhesion of the multilayer coating was improved significantly, the hardness of the multilayer coating was(21±2) GPa. The corrosion resistance of the multilayer coating was also improved in artificial seawater. The friction coefficient of multilayer coating was lower than that of CrN single layer coating both in air and seawater.

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION ON FRICTION AND WEAR RELIABILITY OF SOME PLANE′S FLAP MECHANISM

The mathematical model of the motion of some plane′s flap mechanism is set up by the method of establishing mathematical model of space mechanism. When the input parameter is given, the theoretical output parameter of the flap mechanism is achieved by the model. The wear and tear volume is introduced into the mathematical model, and if the input parameter is the same, the real output parameter of the flap mechanism worn can be obtained. On the basis of this, it is able to achieve the friction and the wear reliability of the flap mechanism.

A Preliminary Study on Conservation Genetics of Endangered Vatica guangxiensis (Dipterocarpaceae)

运用 2 0个 10碱基随机引物 ,对中国龙脑香科 (Dipterocarpaceae)特有的珍稀濒危植物版纳青梅 (VaticaguangxiensisX .L .Mo)进行了RAPD多态性分析。 3个自然居群和 1个迁地保护居群 (分布于云南和广西 )共扩增出2 31个位点 ,多态位点所占比例 (PPB)为 5 3.6 8% ;观察等位基因数na =1.5 36 8,有效等位基因数ne =1.2 878,Nei基因多样性指数h为 0 .16 86 ,居群内的遗传多样性水平较低。基于AMOVA和POPGENE的结果均表明居群内的遗传变异大于居群间的遗传变异。居群内的遗传变异为 5 5 .0 9% ,居群间的变异为 44 .91% (AMOVA) ;基因分化系数Gst为 0 .3746 (POPGENE) ,表明居群间存在高水平的遗传分化。研究结果对该濒危植物的保护有重要意义。考虑到低水平的遗传多样性和高水平的居群分化 ,通过居群间种子和幼苗的交换来促进基因流是可行的保护方案。迁地保护居群 (ML)不具最高的遗传多样性 ,表明为了保护此濒危物种的全部遗传变异 。

Asymmetric cast-rolling of 1050 aluminum alloy strip under multi-energy field

Technological parameters of asymmetric cast-rolling under multi-energy field were investigated on horizontal twin roll caster（d400 mm×500 mm）, and their effects on structures and properties of 1050 strips were analyzed by comparing with traditional cast-rolling. Results show that when length of cast-rolling area is 70 mm, melt temperature of head box is 670 °C, cast rolling speed is 1.3 m/min, exciting current is 10 A, center frequency is（13±1） Hz, ultrasonic power is 200 W and ultrasonic frequency is（20±0.2） kHz, the 1050 strip with the best microstructure can be prepared successfully; its center segregated layer disappears; the average grain size is reduced by about 40%; the crystal grains are distributed evenly; micro segregation decreases obviously; the precipitated phases are distributed along the grain boundaries evenly; and the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and micro-hardness of cast-rolled strip are improved by 22.6%, 23.66%, 38.75% and 9.90%, respectively.

Comparison of Genetic Diversity Between Local Cultivated Aromatic and Non-aromatic Rice in Yunnan Province

[ Objective] The genetic diversity of the local cultivated aromatic rice and non-aromatic rice in Yunnan Province were compared to provide further genetic resources for breeding practice. [Method] Genetic diversity of 10 aromatic rice and 45 non-aromatic rice were analyzed by 64 SSR primers covered on 12 rice chromosomes. [ Result] Per locus 5.44 and 7.98 alleles in average were detected, ranging from 2 to 12 and from 2 to 17 in aromatic and non-aromatic rice, respectively. Average genetic multiplicity index（Hs） was 0.46 and 0.67 respectively. The average polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.43 and 0.58 in aromatic and non-aromatic rice respectively. [ Conclusion] The results indicated that genetic diversity was higher in non-aromatic rice than in aromatic rice.

Review of Research Methods on Biodiversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） are essential functional microbiology in natural ecosystems. It is very important to research community composition and di- versity of AMF for achieving sustainable development of ecosystems. The paper described several methods of researching the diversity of AMF, especially for molecular techniques, reviewed the application status of these methods in AMF research, and pointed out that the effective combination of morphological and molecular methods could better reveal the biodiversity and ecological functions of AMF in natural ecosystems.

Lie Symmetries and Conserved Quantities of Holonomic Systems with Remainder Coordinates

Aim To study the Lie symmetries and the consered quantities of the holonomic systems with remainder coordinates. Methods Using the invariance of the ordinary differential equations under the infinitesimal transformations to establish the determining equations and the restriction equations of the Lie symmetries of the systems. Results and Conclusion the structure equation and the form of conserved quantities were obtained. An example was given to illustrate the application of the result.

Full-scale application of microbial agent on in-situ sludge reduction

The full-scale application of Tx-1, a multifunctional microbial agent, was carried out for 8 months in an anoxic/oxic（A/O） municipal wastewater treatment process. The results show that the Tx-1 dosed system can obtain good effluent characteristics while minimizing sludge production and energy consumption. The total phosphorus（TP） is lower than0. 5 mg/L in effluent without any chemical regent added. The discharged dry sludge per 10 000 m^3 wastewater Dwat decreases from 1. 4 to 0. 5 t. For per cubic meter wastewater, the air supply decreases from 6. 0 to 5. 1 m^3 and the electricity consumption decreases from 0. 412- 0. 425 kW·h to 0. 331 kW·h. The addition of Tx-1 can improve the substrate removal constant and decrease the microorganism growth yield coefficient of activated sludge. At the same time,the structure of the microbial community changes and the biodiversity increases by adding Tx-1. The abundance of polyphosphate accumulating organisms（PAO）, Comamonadaceae and Tetrasphaera, increased. Effective microbial agent is a potential way to combine in-situ sludge minimization with contaminants removal.

Microstructure control and mechanical properties of directionally solidified TiAl-Nb alloys

The double directional solidification（DS） technique was developed to control the lamellar microstructures in primary β TiAl-Nb alloys.Polysynthetically twinned（PST） crystals with lamellar boundaries parallel to or inclined 45o to the growth direction were achieved due to the complete peritectic transformation during directional solidification of the alloys with the dendritic solid/liquid interface.The PST crystals with aligned lamellar boundaries only parallel to the growth direction were produced when lamellar grains with lamellar boundaries in the same orientation were seeded by themselves under appropriate growth conditions.Low boron addition is harmful to align the lamellar orientation because of the growth of non-peritectic α phase.Due to the larger yttria particles and boride ribbons in the directionally solidified TiAl-Nb alloys,the tensile plastic elongations of the alloys are only close to 2%.

Effects of alkali and heat treatment on strength of porous Ti35Nb

Porous Ti35Nb alloy with a porosity of 66% was made by a powder metallurgical method, and then it was treated by a standard treatment for activating the surface of Ti implant materials involving alkali and heat treatment. The alkali and heat treatment causes damages of the struts of the porous Ti35Nb in the form of reaction products layer, grain-pullout and cracks. Consequently, it leads to a significant degradation of the strength of the porous alloy. The effect of the alkali and heat treatment on the strength of the porous alloy was discussed.

Research on Stoichiometry of Early-spring Herbs Functional Group in the Subtropical Artificial Wetland

[Objective]The aim was to carry out stoichiometry on the early-spring herbs functional group in subtropical artificial wetland.[Method]UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used for the determination of nitrate-nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.Potassium persulfate absorptiometry was used for the measurement of total N content,while the flame photometer was used to detect the potassium and sodium concentration in plants.All the nutrient determination of plant samples were repeated for four times.[Result]The four nutrient concentrations in almost all samples were in the normal range of natural plant nutrition concentrations;in early-spring herbs functional groups,different species showed diversity on the nutrient concentrations;plant height had no significant effect on the nutrient concentrations in plants;the nutrient concentrations of non-grass group plants were higher than that of grass group plants;the nutrient concentrations of the annual herb were higher than that of perennial herbs.[Conclusion]The study had provided basis for the understanding of the effects of changes in nutritional conditions on species diversity,community structure and succession of the system.

A GENERAL PROCEDURE TO CAPTURE THE "DYNAMIC STIFFNESS

A general procedure to capture the 'dynanmic Stiffness' is presented in this paper. The governing equations of motion are formulated for an arbitrary flexible body in large overall motion based on Kane's equations . The linearization is performed peroperly by means of geometrically nonlinear straindisplacement relations and the nonlinear expression of angular velocity so that the 'dynamical stiffness' terms can be captured naturally in a general tcase. The concept and formulations of partial velocity and angular velocity arrays of Huston's method are extended to the flexible body and form the basis of the analysis. The validity and generality of the procedure presented in the paper are verified by numerical results of its application in both the beam and plate models.