多层介孔纳米MgO/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备及其绝缘性能

塑料高压直流电缆在电力输运中,绝缘层容易发生电子及空穴注入并局部积聚,形成空间电荷包,长期运行容易引发绝缘失效。为此,抑制电子及空穴的注入、积聚,防止空间电荷包的产生是制备塑料高压直流电缆的关键技术。通过制备多层介孔结构纳米MgO,采用低沸点溶剂法,实现了纳米MgO在低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)中的均匀分散。研究了1wt%纳米MgO/LDPE复合材料的空间电荷行为、直流击穿强度、热刺激电流及介电特性。结果表明:添加1wt%纳米MgO的LDPE在70kV/mm电场下有效地抑制了空间电荷积聚,提高了直流击穿强度,降低了介电常数;热刺激电流研究表明纳米MgO形成了新的陷阱,有效捕获了载流子,形成独立电场,避免了局部有效电场,形成新的势垒,抑制了电极载流子的注入,最终抑制了空间电荷积聚。

辐射改性介孔SiO2及其对铼的吸附性能

利用60Coγ辐射接枝合成了聚4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)改性的多层次介孔SiO2(FS-VP)微球,并对接枝后的FS-VP进行了季铵化。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和热重分析方法研究了接枝率的影响因素和季铵化微球(FS-VPQ)对Re(Ⅶ)的吸附性能。结果表明:在4-VP单体体积分数为50%、吸收剂量为72 kGy、剂量率为3 kGy/h的条件下,FS-VP的接枝率极大值为27.8%;当pH为2和3时,吸附容量极大值为68.0 mg/g,较高的吸附容量得益于多层次孔结构的高比表面积和季铵化后吸附剂固有的两个正电荷;FS-VPQ对Re(Ⅶ)的吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型;此外,由于多层次孔结构带来的高传质速率使FS-VPQ能够在3 min内快速达到吸附平衡。本工作对Re(Ⅶ)分离与富集以及放射性废液中Tc处理具有参考价值。

BISQ model based on a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic frame in a partially saturated porous medium

Taking into account three important porous media mechanisms during wave propagation （the Biot-flow, squirt-flow, and solid-skeleton viscoelastic mechanisms）, we introduce water saturation into the dynamic governing equations of wave propagation by analyzing the effective medium theory and then providing a viscoelastic Biot/squirt （BISQ） model which can analyze the wave propagation problems in a partially viscous pore fluid saturated porous media. In this model, the effects of pore fluid distribution patterns on the effective bulk modulus at different frequencies are considered. Then we derive the wave dynamic equations in the time-space domain. The phase velocity and the attenuation coefficient equations of the viscoelatic BISQ model in the frequency-wavenumber domain are deduced through a set of plane harmonic solution assumptions. Finally, by means of numerical simulations, we investigate the effects of water saturation, permeability, and frequency on compressional wave velocity and attenuation. Based on tight sandstone and carbonate experimental observed data, the compressional wave velocities of partially saturated reservoir rocks are calculated. The compressional wave velocity in carbonate reservoirs is more sensitive to gas saturation than in sandstone reservoirs.

A New Numerical Solution of Fluid Flow in Stratigraphic Porous Media

A new numerical technique based on a lattice-Boltzmann method is presented for analyzing the fluid flow in stratigraphic porous media near the earth's surface. The results obtained for the relations between porosity, pressure,and velocity satisfy well the requirements of stratigraphic statistics and hence are helpful for a further study of the evolution of fluid flow in stratigraphic media.

The Filtration Problems of Fluid Containing Solute Through Layered Porous Media

In this paper, we consider the problem (θ(x,U))_t=(K(x,U)U_x)_x-(K(x,U))_x (x,t)∈G_T (θ(x,U)V(x,t))_t=(DθV_x)_x+(V(KU_x-K))_x,(x,t)∈G_T, u(x,0)=u_0(x),V(x,0),(x,0)=V_0(x),0≤x≤2, U(0,t)=h_0(t),U(2,t)=h_2(t),0≤t≤T, V(0,t)=g_0(t),V(2,t)=g_2(t),0≤t≤T. Where, θ(x,U)=θ_1(x,U) when (x,t)∈D_1={0≤x<1,0≤t≤T};θ(x,U)=θ_2(x,U),(x,t)∈D_2={1<x≤2,0≤t≤T}.K(x,U)=K_i(x,U),(x,t)∈D_i. θ_i, K_i are the Moisture content and hy draulic conductivity of porous Media on D_i respectively. V be the the concentration of solute in the fluid. In addition we also require that U, V, (K(x,U)U_x-1) and DθV_x+V(KU_x-K) are continu ous at x=1. We prove the exisence, uniqueness and large time behavior of the problem by the method of reg ularization.

Slip flow and variable properties of viscoelastic fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with heat generation

This study examines theoretically and computationally the non-Newtonian boundary layer flow and heat transfer for a viscoelastic fluid over a stretching continuous sheet embedded in a porous medium with variable fluid properties, slip velocity, and internal heat generation/absorption. The flow in boundary layer is considered to be generated solely by the stretching of the sheet adjacent to porous medium with boundary wall slip condition. Highly nonlinear momentum and thermal boundary layer equations governing the flow and heat transfer are reduced to set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by appropriate transformation. The resulting ODEs are successfully solved numerically with the help of shooting method. Graphical results are shown for non-dimensional velocities and temperature. The effects of heat generation/absorption parameter, the porous parameter, the viscoelastic parameter, velocity slip parameter, variable thermal conductivity and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature profiles are presented. Moreover, the local skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented. Comparison of numerical results is made with the earlier published results under limiting cases.

Magnetohydrodynamic Effect on Free Convection of Three Dimensional Laminar Flow in Porous Annulus

A numerical study has been carried out to investigate heat transfer by free convection under the effect of MHD （magnetohydrodynamic） for steady state three-dimensional laminar flow in horizontal and vertical cylindrical annulus filled with saturated porous media （sand silica） with fins attached to the inner cylinder. A single electric coil placed around the inner cylinder to generate a magnetic field. The governing equations which used are continuity, momentum （using Darcy＇s law） and energy equations which are transformed to dimensionless equations. The finite difference approach is used to obtain all the computational results using Fortran 90 program. The parameters affected on the system are Rayleigh number ranging within （102 ~ Ra＊ 〈 104）, and MHD （Mn） （0 〈_ Mn 〈_ 100） and radius ratio Rr （0.225, 0.338 and 0.435）. The results obtained are presented graphically in the form of streamline and isotherm contour plots and the results show that heat transfer decrease with the increase of magnetohydrodynamic. It was found that the average Nusselt number increase with Ra＊ and decrease with H~ Mn and Rr. A correlation for the average Nusselt number in terms of Ra＊ and Mn, has been developed for the inner cylinder.

Energy flux characteristics of seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations

Based on the multiphase poroelasticity theory describing the propagation of waves in the unsaturated fluid-saturated porous medium,the reflection and transmission coefficients of the seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations are obtained.Our unsaturated model consists of a deformable skeleton in which two compressible and viscous fluids(i.e.,water and gas)flow in the interstices.Three compressional waves(i.e.,P1,P2,and P3 waves)and one shear(i.e.,S wave)wave exist in the unsaturated soils.The expressions for the energy ratios of the various reflected and transmitted waves at the interface during the transmission and reflection processes are presented in explicit forms accordingly.At last,numerical computations are performed and the results obtained are respectively depicted graphically.The variation of the energy ratios with the incident angle,wave frequency and saturation degrees of the upper and lower soil layers is illustrated in detail.The calculation results show that the allocation of incident seismic waves at the interface is influenced not only by the angle and frequency of the incident seismic waves,but also by the saturations of the upper and lower soil layers.It is also verified that,at the interface,the sum of energy ratios of the reflected and transmitted waves is approximately equal to unity as was expected.This study is of importance to several fields such as geotechnical engineering,seismology,and geophysics.

Experimental Studies on Condensation Heat Transferof the Moist Air outside the Horizontal Circular Pipe witha Porous Layer

This paper presents the structure design of four kinds of circular pipes with porous layer and the experimental resultsof condensation heat transfer of the moist air outSide the horizontal choular pipes. By comparison with theexperiments on bare Pipes, it is concluded that, the designed pipes not only have good condensation heattransfer Performance, but also have the ability to collect and remove condensed liquid under zero gravity. They canbe aPPlied to the thermal control system for future large spacecraft.

Mixed Convective Viscoelastic Nanofluid Flow Past a Porous Media with Soret–Dufour Effects

The present study is carried out to see the thermal-diffusion(Dufour) and diffusion-thermo(Soret) effects on the mixed convection boundary layer flow of viscoelastic nanofluid flow over a vertical stretching surface in a porous medium. Optimal homotopy analysis method(OHAM) is best candidate to handle highly nonlinear system of differential equations obtained from boundary layer partial differential equations via appropriate transformations. Graphical illustrations depicting different physical arising parameters against velocity, temperature and concentration distributions with required discussion have also been added. Numerically calculated values of skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are given in the form of table and well argued. It is found that nanofluid velocity increases with increase in mixed convective and viscoelastic parameters but it decreases with the increasing values of porosity parameter. Also, it is observed that Dufour number has opposite behavior on temperature and concentration profiles.