基于二元多差异度联系数的综合评价方法研究

在集对分析联系数理论基础上提出二元多差异度联系数.针对在综合评价中某些指标权重难以用定值表示的问题,将其用三参数区间数表示,并在此基础上提出权重的二元多差异度联系数表示法.将该方法应用于综合评价中,结合模糊综合评判模型给出完整的多差异度综合评价模型.最后通过实例表明该方法简单有效.

基于多差异目标约束的数控车床进给精度控制

我国数控车床的应用越发广泛,但是当前的数控车床的控制精度很难满足一些复杂工艺零件的要求。为了解决这一问题,提出一种用于数控车床进给精度控制的多差异目标约束的算法,对车床进给中需要控制的多个差异变量进行约束,保证在各种约束完全符合要求的条件下,最大程度地满足最优解的条件,保证车床的控制精度准确。后期的计算机仿真实验证明,这种控制算法能够很好地协调车床进给中的多个约束条件,控制精度有了明显地提高。

多差异嵌入式设备的节能任务调度模型仿真

在一些复杂嵌入式设备联合工作的环境下,设备之间的工作关系差异较大,存在较为复杂的能量消耗制约关系,不再呈现简单的线性调度关系。为了制约这种大差异的环境,嵌入式设备任务与任务之间的最优化节能调度过程存在大量的顺序约束关系,导致传统的多差异嵌入式设备节能任务调度模型,只能采用近似算法模糊化表述复杂约束关系,不能适应调度任务的非线性大规模变化,无法实现多差异嵌入式设备的节能任务调度。提出一种基于遗传算法的多差异嵌入式设备的任务调度模型,依据功耗最低化原则,通过遗传算法将任务集中的任务以特定频率分配到各个多差异嵌入式设备中进行处理,使得总能耗达到最小,建立设备功耗模型,实现设备的节能任务调度。仿真结果表明,所提方法具有较高的节能性及有效性。

Multi-dimensional Analysis on Regional Land Use——Taking Bijie City as an Example

Based on the theory of information entropy, time series and spatial variation of land use changes of Bijie City in 2009-2013 were analyzed from different dimensions such as land use degree and land use diversity. The result showed that in 2009-2013, the forest vegetation was well protected, and the construction land was under reasonable expansion under the influence of economic development, the land use degree of which developed gradually to width and depth, and the trend of information entropy showed a graduate increase, indicating that land use scale became more reasonable and the area of different land type became more balanced in Bijie in the period. The study results showed that land resources in Bijie City were used rationally under the strategy from central government local government,and Bijie was in the benign development of economic development—resource distribution—scale change. Moreover, Bijie chould further improve land use pattern such as redevelop stock construction land, optimize the industrial land use pattern and mountain agricultural land development in the future.

Response of Lakes to Climate Change in Xainza Basin Tibetan Plateau Using Multi-Mission Satellite Data from 1976 to 2008

Changes in the lake areas of Xainza basin in the past 33 years （1976 to 2008） were studied using Landsat data from Multispectral Scanners （1973- 1977）, Thematic Mapper （1989-1992, 2007-2009）, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （1999-2002）. The results indicated that lakes in the study area evidently expanded from 1976 to 2008, with total expansion of 1512.64km2. The mean annual air temperature presented an upward trend with certain fluctuations from 1966 to 2008. The air temperature rise rates in the cold season （o.31~C/loa） were higher than those in the hot season （0.24℃/1oa）, in the Xainza station example. Precipitation exhibited evident seasonal differences. Mean annual precipitation in hot season is 281.48 mm and cold season is 32.66 mm from 1966 to 2008 in study area. Precipitation in the hot season was the major contributor to the increase in annual precipitation. Grey relational analysis （GRA） was used to study the response of lake areas to climatic factors. The mean air temperature and precipitation were selected as comoared series, and the lake areas were regarded as the reference series. The grey relational grade （GRG） between compared series and reference series were calculated through GRA. The results indicated that changes in lake areas were mainly affected by climatic factors in the hot season. Lakes in this region were classified into three grades, namely, Grades I, II, and III according to the recharge source and elevation. The GRGs of each series varied for different grade lakes： the area of Grade III lakes were the most relevant to the hot season factors, the GRGs of precipitation and air temperature were 0.7570 and 0.6606; followed by the Grade II lakes; Grade I lakes were more sensitive to the air temperature.

The Particularity of Identity in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call

This study explores the intricate situation of the coexistence of different identities in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call （1996）. It contends that identity is complex, flux, and not limited to what is inherited; it is rather a psychological, political, and social amalgamation. Thus, each individual has a unique and particular identity, which is completely different from the others＇. This study is a theoretical and analytical survey of Maalouf＇s Ports of Call. It aims at proving that this novel is an example that Maalouf provides to show the challenges that characters of different identities face, and the obstacles that hinder them from assimilation. The argument is mainly based on Edward Said＇s theories that have opened up discussions about Otherness and multiculturalism, alongside with other postcolonial critics, such as Homi Bhabha. Maalouf＇s book In the Name of Identity： Violence and the Need to Belong （1996） is also integral to this study. The study concludes that it might be possible for people, in parallel with the characters of the novel, to challenge the identity predicament that the world is witnessing nowadays, and accept diversities as a way of life, rather than a reason for waging wars.

A matching algorithm based on hybrid matrices consisting of reference differences and disparities

Unique correct correspondence cannot be obtained only by use of gray correlation technique, which describes gray similar degree of feature points between the left and right images too unilaterally. The gray correlation technique is adopted to extract gray correlation peaks as a coarse matching set called multi-peak set. The disparity gradient limited constraint is utilized to optimize the multi-peak set. Unique match will be obtained by calculating the correlation of hybrid matrices consisting of reference differences and disparities from the multi-peak set. Two of the known corresponding points in the left and right images, respectively, are set as a pair of reference points to determine search direction and search scope at first. After the unique correspondence is obtained by calculating the correlation of the hybrid matrices from the multi-peak set, the obtained match is regarded as a new reference point till all feature points in the left (or right) image have been processed. Experimental results proved that the proposed algorithm was feasible and accurate.

Gender Differences in Auditory Perception and Computational Divided Attention Tasks

Women have been stereotyped as better multitaskers when compared to their male counterparts. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there are differences in gender performance when performing cognitive combined tasks. Twenty-four graduate students （twelve females and twelve males） volunteered to participate in the study. The task requires participants to indicate when they perceive a change in the intensity of an auditory signal while simultaneously solving algebraic problems. Multivariate Analysis of Variance （MANOVA） results reveal no significant differences between genders when performing the combined tasks （p = 0.1831 and 2 = 0.7891） although the average number of false alarms made during the combined tasks by males is nearly 11% higher than the average number of false alarms made by females. However, （Multivariate Analysis of Variance） ANOVA results for the combined tasks show that males outperform females on the computational task while listening for changes in the auditory signal F（1, 22） - 5.09, p 〈 0.03, but there are no significant differences in their ability to detect noise intensity variation or in the number of false alarms made while multitasking. For the single task analysis the ANOVAs indicate no significant differences in signal detection task performance, computational task performance, or the number of false alarms made by males and females.

Associations between interleukin-1 polymorphisms and gastric cancers among three ethnicities

AIM:To investigate the associations between interleukin(IL)-1B and IL-1RN polymorphisms and gastric cancers among the Tibet,Hui and Han ethnicities.METHODS:Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 210,205,and 202 healthy volunteers and from 155,158,and 197 gastric cancer patients from the Tibet,Hui,and Han populations,respectively.Polymorphisms in IL-1B and IL-1RN were analyzed by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.RESULTS:Carriers of the IL-1B-31 CC genotype had an increased risk of intestinal type gastric cancer [odds ratio(OR) = 2.17,P = 0.037] in the Tibet ethnicity.Carriers of the IL-1B 2/L genotype had an increased risk of both intestinal and diffuse types of gastric cancer(OR = 2.08,2.31,P = 0.007,0.016,respectively) in the Hui ethnicity.In the Han population,carriers of the IL-1B-31 CC,IL-1B-511CT,TT genotypes had increased risk of intestinal type gastric cancer(OR = 2.51,2.74,5.66,P = 0.005,0.002,0.000,respectively).CONCLUSION:IL-1B and IL-RN genotypes may differentially contribute to gastric cancer among the Tibet,Hui,and Han ethnicities in the Qinghai area of China.

Characterization of Chiton Ischnochiton hakodadensis Foot Based on Transcriptome Sequencing

Chiton(Ischnochiton hakodadensis) is one of marine mollusks well known for its eight separate shell plates. I. hakodadensis is important, which plays a vital role in the ecosystems it inhabits. So far, the genetic studies on the chiton are scarce due in part to insufficient genomic resources available for this species. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome of the chiton foot using Illumina sequencing technology. The reads were assembled and clustered into 256461 unigenes, of which 42247 were divided into diverse functional categories by Gene Ontology(GO) annotation terms, and 17256 mapped onto 365 pathways by KEGG pathway mapping. Meanwhile, a set of differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between distal and proximal muscles were identified as the foot adhesive locomotion associated, thus were useful for our future studies. Moreover, up to 679384 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 19814 simple sequence repeats(SSRs) were identified in this study, which are valuable for subsequent studies on genetic diversity and variation. The transcriptomic resource obtained in this study should aid to future genetic and genomic studies of chiton.

CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT OF MULTICARRIER DS-CDMA SYSTEM WITH ANTENNA ARRAY

An antenna array based base station receiver for multicarrier Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) system is proposed. The main advantage of the receiver is that the spatial diversity is achieved by combining signals of array elements. Based on the detailed analysis of multiuser interference and noise characteristics, the performance of the proposed receiver is analyzed. Theoretical analysis shows significant performance improvement in terms of system capacity due to the use of antenna arrays compared with the conventional single antenna multicarrier DS-CDMA approach. Simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.

The Importance of Developing Intercultural Awareness in the Business English Classroom

We live in a multicultural world. As a result, we often have to deal with people from a different culture. This is not easy since we may have very different ways of thinking and doing things from the people we meet. What is considered good in our culture may mean opposite somewhere else. The understanding of cultural distinctions is very crucial in the business world. The businessmen/women who have sufficient cultural knowledge are more likely to be successful in building relationship with their business counterparts than those who do not. This is because the ones who possess such precious knowledge tend to be more adept at avoiding misunderstanding and confusion. Considering the significant contribution of understanding cultural differences to successful business endeavor, the teachers of Business English need to equip their students with knowledge and strategies that they can use to cope with cultural diversity. In this paper, the writer discusses some activities that can be used to develop students＇ intercultural awareness.

COST:Coding over Spatial-Temporal Diversity for Low-Duty-Cycle WSNs

In low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks,designers have to cope with unreliable links and limited communication capacity.In this work,we propose COST,a coding scheme that leverages spatial-temporal diversity to achieve higher energy efficiency and lower delay of packet transmissions.We particularly address long sleeping intervals in low-duty-cycle networks by exploiting multi-path diversity.Specifically,we propose to employ an erasure-coding scheme to improve reliability.With respect to energy efficiency and delivery timeliness,we formulate the problem in optimal allocation of coded blocks over multiple paths,which is then proved to be NP-hard.We further propose a near-optimal algorithm to solve the allocation problem.Through extensive simulations,we evaluate the impact of network parameters and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal.

Ubuntu： Alterity as a Perspective for Peace

This paper looks for deepening the connections among peace, intercultural dialogue, and communalism in the light of Ubuntu, an ethical concept that emphasizes the alliances constructed between people and the relations established by them, and is seen as fundamental to the African thought of the groups that adopt Bantu languages. It develops an original exercise in diatopical hermeneutics--a methodology proposed by Raimon Panikkar, taking as the main goal to approach the Western ethical and political thought to the epistemic and ontological category of Uhuntu, recognized in the Zulu maxim umuntu n#umuntu npabantu （a person is a person through other persons）. It chooses as the basis of such study some contemporary thinkers as L^vinas, Bauman, Ramose, Chuwa, Kunene, and Nussbaum, who show a common concern with reverting a context of war and disregard of the integrity of human beings, connected to an ethics of alterity, zealous of the values of conviviality and respect for the cultural differences. It reveals the political dimension of Ubuntu and the impacts of this conception on the process of facing the problems of human rights in post Apartheid South Africa. Grounded on such transdisciplinary reflexion, it tries to point through a path to the implementation of policies for peace based on interculturality and communalism within different cultures.

MACROSCOPIC DIVERSITY FOR CDMA MOBILE SYSTEM

A novel system of macroscopic diversity with voting rule in CDMA cellular system is suggested in order to raise the coverage and quality of service of CDMA mobile communication system. The estimation of the impact of macroscopic diversity on performance of CDMA cellular system is analyzed and investigated.

Self-adaptive learning based immune algorithm

A self-adaptive learning based immune algorithm （SALIA） is proposed to tackle diverse optimization problems, such as complex multi-modal and ill-conditioned prc,blems with the high robustness. The SALIA algorithm adopted a mutation strategy pool which consists of four effective mutation strategies to generate new antibodies. A self-adaptive learning framework is implemented to select the mutation strategies by learning from their previous performances in generating promising solutions. Twenty-six state-of-the-art optimization problems with different characteristics, such as uni-modality, multi-modality, rotation, ill-condition, mis-scale and noise, are used to verify the validity of SALIA. Experimental results show that the novel algorithm SALIA achieves a higher universality and robustness than clonal selection algorithms （CLONALG）, and the mean error index of each test function in SALIA decreases by a factor of at least 1.0×10^7 in average.

Assessing the genetic diversity of the critically endangered Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis using mitochondrial markers and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms from RAD-seq

As a living fossil, the endangered Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis) has been considered a national treasure in China. Here,the famous Gezhouba Dam and Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River were built in 1988 and 2006, for economic purposes.The natural population of Chinese sturgeon has declined since then, as these dams block its migratory route to the original spawning grounds in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. In 2013 and 2014, there was an absence of spawning where it typically happened near the Gezhouba Dam. Nevertheless, from April to June in 2015, over 1,000 larvae with different body lengths(10–35 cm) were detected along the Shanghai Yangtze Estuary; but only little is currently known about the population genetic structure of the Chinese sturgeon. Herein, we inferred population genetic parameters from 462 available Chinese sturgeon specimens based on a 421-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) D-loop region and 1,481,620 SNPs(singlenucleotide polymorphisms) generated by restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq). For the D-loop dataset, 15 haplotypes were determined. Randomly picked 23 individuals, representing the 15 D-loop haplotype groups, were subsequently used for further RAD-seq validation. The average nucleotide diversity calculated from the mtDNA and RAD datasets was 0.0086 and 0.000478, respectively. The overall effective female population size was calculated to be 1,255 to 2,607, and the long-term effective population size was estimated to range from 11,950 to 119,500. We observed that the genetic variability and the effective female population size of the current population in the Yangtze River are severely low, which are similar to the data reported over 10 years ago. The deduced relatively small effective population of female fish, limiting the genetic connectivity among Chinese sturgeon, should be considered a serious threat to this endangered species.

Gender disparity in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC):multiple underlying mechanisms

On the global scale, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) especially in regions of Asia where HBV infection is endemic. Epidemiological studies show that the incidence of inflammation-driven HCC in males is three times as high as in females. Recent studies suggest that sex hormones have a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of HBV-induced HCC. We found that the estrogen/androgen signaling pathway is associated with decreased/increased transcription and replication of HBV genes and can promote the development of HBV infections by up/downregulating HBV RNA transcription and inflammatory cytokines levels, which in turn slow down the progression of HBV-induced HCC. Additionally, sex hormones can also affect HBV-related HCC by inducing epigenetic changes. The evidence that both morphology and function of the human liver are affected by sex hormones was found over 60 years ago. However,the underlying molecular mechanism largely remains to be elucidated. This review focuses mainly on the molecular mechanisms behind the sex difference in HCC associated with HBV and other factors. In addition, several potential treatment and therapeutic strategies for inflammation-driven HCC will be introduced in this review.

Cloning of differentially expressed genes following lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Objective: To clone the differentially expressed genes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: Two-directional (forward and backward) suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was performed on HUVEC cultured in either standard media or treated for 6 hours with LPS (100 ng/ml). To restrict the number of false-positive clones, colony dot hybridization was used to further verify the differentially expressed cDNA clones. Positive clones were sequenced. Results: These analyses have identified both novel and known genes whose expression is influenced by LPS. The known genes include a group related to proinflammatory events, a group related to cellular apoptosis and proliferation, a group related to protein synthesis and cytoskeletal rearrangment, and a group related to energy metabolism and signal transduction. Conclusions: SSH is a powerful technique of high sensitivity for the detection of differential gene expression in HUVEC stimulated by LPS.

Characteristic difference analysis and transfer parameter determination for different satellites to detect NDVI values

Here we propose a new method of NDVI difference analysis and NDVI difference correction for multi-sensors to detect NDVI.This method integrate PROSPECT model,SAIL model and MODTRAN atmospheric radioactive transfer model to simulate the remote sensing signals of different satellites for both NDVI difference analysis and correction without using real satellite images.The effects of both the sensors' spectral responses and atmospheric condition are simulated,and the differences among NDVI values derived from thirty different satellites are analyzed quantitatively.Focusing on the conversions of NDVI values among different satellites,through linear regression analysis,we estimate the transfer parameters between any two different satellite NDVI values,and present the lookup tables of transfer parameters under the atmospheric conditions of three surface visibility range values (10,23 and 50 km).The proposed method is useful for NDVI applications and analyses for multi-sensors.