Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE-M） transplantation on rat model of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Primary porcine RPE cells wer...Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE-M） transplantation on rat model of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Primary porcine RPE cells were harvested by enzyme digestion and expanded in culture medium. Determine the levels ofdopamine （DA） and homovanillic acid （HVA） by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical （HPLC） assay, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and glial-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） were detected by ELISA. Alginate-polylysine-alginate （APA） microencapsulated cells were produced by using a high voltage electrostatic system. PD rat model was established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into the medial forebrain bundle （MFB）. After that, the RPE-M was transplanted into the corpus striatum of PD rat, and then the rotation test scores were recorded and biochemical changes of the corpus striatum were tested. Results The levels of DA, HVA, BDNF and GDNF secreted by RPE were stable in the RPE culture supernatant and were not changed by the microencapsulation. Eighty-three percent rats developed PD by unilateral lesion of 6-OHDA in the MFB. The RPE-M transplantation had therapeutic effect on 33% PD rats. Conclusion Porcine RPE cells grow actively in vitro and could secrete DA, HVA, BDNF, and GDNF constantly, which does not be affected by the passage culture and the APA miroencapsulation. RPE-M transplantation of may be a curative therapy for PD.展开更多
Objective To explore the possible differential trafficking properties of the dopamine D 1-like receptor subtypes, D 1 receptor and D5 receptor. Methods To visualize distributions of dopamine D 1-like receptor subtypes...Objective To explore the possible differential trafficking properties of the dopamine D 1-like receptor subtypes, D 1 receptor and D5 receptor. Methods To visualize distributions of dopamine D 1-like receptor subtypes at subcellular level, the yellow and cyan variants of green fluorescent protein （GFP） were used to tag D1 and D5 receptors. After transfection with the tagged dopamine receptors, the neuroblastoma cells NG108-15 were treated with D1 agonist SKF38393 or acetylcholine （ACh）. Then we observed the subcellular distributions of the tagged receptors under the confocal microscopy and tried to determine trafficking properties by comparing their distribution patterns before and after the drug treatment. Results In resting conditions, D 1 receptors located in the plasma membrane of NG108-15 cells, while D5 receptors located in both plasma membrane and cytosol. With the pre-treatment of SKF38393, the subcellular distribution of D1 receptors was changed. The yellow particle-like fluorescence of tagged D 1 receptors appeared in the cytosol, indicating that D 1 receptors were internalized into cytosol from the cell surface. Same situation also occurred in ACh pre-treatment. In contrast, the subcellular distribution of D5 receptors was not changed after SKF38393 or ACh treatment, indicating that D5R was not translocated to cell surface. Interestingly, when D1 and D5 receptors were co-expressed in the same cell, both kept their distinct subcellular distribution patterns and the trafficking properties. Conclusion Our present study reveals that in NG108-15 nerve cells, dopamine D1 and D5 receptors exhibit differential subcellular distribution patterns, and only D1 receptor has a marked trafficking response to the drug stimulation. We further discuss the potential role of the differential trafficking properties of D1-like receptors in complex modulation of DA signaling.展开更多
目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulate,rTMS)辅助治疗对抑郁症患者神经递质及认知功能的影响。方法将94例抑郁症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各47例。两组均给予艾司西酞普兰片治疗,观察组联合rTMS辅助治...目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulate,rTMS)辅助治疗对抑郁症患者神经递质及认知功能的影响。方法将94例抑郁症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各47例。两组均给予艾司西酞普兰片治疗,观察组联合rTMS辅助治疗,治疗4个月后,比较两组血清神经递质、认知功能、临床疗效。结果观察组有效率(87.23%)明显高于对照组(70.21%)(P<0.05);血清多巴胺、5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)总反应数、正确反应数、完成分类数均明显高于对照组,错误应答数、持续性错误数均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 rTMS辅助治疗有助于改善抑郁症认知功能,提高临床疗效,可能与调节血清神经递质表达水平等因素有关。展开更多
Dopamine(DA) plays an important role in health and peripheral nervous systems. Colorimetric detection of DA has the advantage of color change and simplicity in operation and instrumentation. Herein, we report a highly...Dopamine(DA) plays an important role in health and peripheral nervous systems. Colorimetric detection of DA has the advantage of color change and simplicity in operation and instrumentation. Herein, we report a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of DA by using two specific ligands modified Ag nanoparticles, where the DA molecules can make dual recognition with high specificity. The colloidal suspension of modified Ag nanoparticles was agglomerated after interacting with DA, while the color of Ag nanoparticles suspension changed from yellow to brown, arising from the interparticle plasmon coupling during the aggregation of Ag nanoparticles. The modified Ag nanoparticles suspension and agglomeration were confirmed by transmission electron microscope images. The optical properties behind the color change were thoroughly investigated by using UV-Vis and Raman techniques. The changes in p H, zeta potential, particle size and surface charge density by adding DA were also determined by using dynamic light scattering measurements. The detection limits of modified Ag probes for DA was calculated to be 6.13′10^(-6) mol L^(-1)(S/N=2.04) and the correlation co-efficient was determined to be 0.9878. Because of the simplicity in operation and instrumentation of the colorimetric method, this work may afford a feasible, fast approach for detecting and monitoring the DA levels in physiological and pathological systems.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of Qilongtoutong granule （QLTT） on plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）, beta-endorphin （I[3-EP）, 5-HT, dopa- mine （DA）, noradrenalin （NE）, and blood viscosity in mig...OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of Qilongtoutong granule （QLTT） on plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）, beta-endorphin （I[3-EP）, 5-HT, dopa- mine （DA）, noradrenalin （NE）, and blood viscosity in migraine model rats and mice. METHODS： Both the acute blood stasis model group and nitroglycerin-induced migraine model group included 60 Sprague-Dawley rats. The reser- pine-reduced model group had 60 Kunming mice. Rats from each test were grouped into normal con- trol group, model group, Zhengtian pill （ZTP） group, and high, moderate, or low-dose QLTT groups. In the acute blood stasis model test, after gavage for 7 days, rats were given 0.8 mL/kg adren- aline hydrochloride subcutaneously twice, and kept in ice water for 5 min. After fasting for 12 h, rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for detection of blood viscosity. In the nitro- glycerin-induced migraine group, after gavage for 7 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected nitro- glycerin （10 mg/kg）, and 4 h later, blood samples were collected from postcava for measuring the plasma CGRP and 13-EP levels. In the reserpine-re- duced model test, except the normal control group, mice were administered reserpine （0.25 mg/ kg, i.h.） for 9 days. Mice received intragastric admin- istration from the third day to the ninth day. One hour after the last gavage, blood and brain tissue samples were obtained. Then, blood clotting time and the contents of neurotransmitters were deter- mined. RESULTS： QLTT- （3.6, 1.8, and 0.9 g/kg） and ZTP-treated rats had lower blood viscosity than that in model rats under different shear rates （P〈 0.01）. QLTT- （3.6, 1.8 g/kg） and ZTP-treated rats had significantly lower plasma CGRP levels and higher plasma 13-EP levels than those in model rats （P〈 0.01）. QLTT treatment at dose of 0.9 g/kg had lower plasma CGRP levels as well （P〈0.05）. QLTT- （5.2, 2.6 g/kg） and ZTP-treated mice had longer blood clotting time than that in model mice （P〈0.01）. QLTT- （2.6 g/kg） and ZTP-treated mice had higher plasma serotonin （5-HT） levels than those in model mice （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： QLTT-treated animals had lower plasma CGRP level, higher plasma 13-EP, 5-HT, high- er brain tissue 5-HT, NE, DA levels, and lower blood viscosity than those in the migraine model animals.展开更多
Burying beetles Nicrophorus orbicollis exhibit facultative biparental care of young. To reproduce, a male-female burying beetle pair bury and prepare a small vertebrate carcass as food for its altricial young. During ...Burying beetles Nicrophorus orbicollis exhibit facultative biparental care of young. To reproduce, a male-female burying beetle pair bury and prepare a small vertebrate carcass as food for its altricial young. During a breeding bout, male and female behavior changes synchronously at appropriate times and is coordinated to provide effective care for offspring. Although the ecologicaJ and evolutionary factors that shape this remarkable reproductive plasticity are well characterized, the neuromodulation of parental behavior is poorly understood. Juvenile hormone levels rise dramat- ically at the time beetle parents accept and feed larvae, remain highly elevated during the stages of most active care and fall abruptly when care is terminated. However, hormonal fluctuations alone cannot account for this elaborate control of reproduction. The biogenic amines octopamine （OA）, dopamine （DA）, and serotonin （5-HT） mediate a diversity of insect reproductive and social behav- iors. In this study, we measured whole brain monoamine levels in individual male and female bury- ing beetles and compared OA, DA, and 5-HT profiles between breeding （parental） and nonbreed- ing, unmated beetles. Remarkably, after 24 h of care, when parental feeding rates begin to peak, DA brain levels increase in breeding beetles when compared to nonbreeding controls. In contrast, brain OA and 5-HT levels did not change significantly. These results provide the first evidence for a potential role of DA in the modulation of burying beetle parental behavior.展开更多
Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of d...Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of depression）, plasma adrenalin level （a peripheral marker of stress） as well as fluoro-jade C staining （a marker of neurodegeneration）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic （7 d） or chronic （14 d） FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment （3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d） were stained with fluoro-jade C. Results The rats subjected to swimming stress （acute, sub-chronic and chronic） showed long immobility times [（214 ± 5）, （220 ± 4） and （231 ± 7） s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fluoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression （monoamine levels） and internal stress （adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration）, hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.展开更多
文摘Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE-M） transplantation on rat model of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Primary porcine RPE cells were harvested by enzyme digestion and expanded in culture medium. Determine the levels ofdopamine （DA） and homovanillic acid （HVA） by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical （HPLC） assay, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and glial-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） were detected by ELISA. Alginate-polylysine-alginate （APA） microencapsulated cells were produced by using a high voltage electrostatic system. PD rat model was established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into the medial forebrain bundle （MFB）. After that, the RPE-M was transplanted into the corpus striatum of PD rat, and then the rotation test scores were recorded and biochemical changes of the corpus striatum were tested. Results The levels of DA, HVA, BDNF and GDNF secreted by RPE were stable in the RPE culture supernatant and were not changed by the microencapsulation. Eighty-three percent rats developed PD by unilateral lesion of 6-OHDA in the MFB. The RPE-M transplantation had therapeutic effect on 33% PD rats. Conclusion Porcine RPE cells grow actively in vitro and could secrete DA, HVA, BDNF, and GDNF constantly, which does not be affected by the passage culture and the APA miroencapsulation. RPE-M transplantation of may be a curative therapy for PD.
文摘Objective To explore the possible differential trafficking properties of the dopamine D 1-like receptor subtypes, D 1 receptor and D5 receptor. Methods To visualize distributions of dopamine D 1-like receptor subtypes at subcellular level, the yellow and cyan variants of green fluorescent protein （GFP） were used to tag D1 and D5 receptors. After transfection with the tagged dopamine receptors, the neuroblastoma cells NG108-15 were treated with D1 agonist SKF38393 or acetylcholine （ACh）. Then we observed the subcellular distributions of the tagged receptors under the confocal microscopy and tried to determine trafficking properties by comparing their distribution patterns before and after the drug treatment. Results In resting conditions, D 1 receptors located in the plasma membrane of NG108-15 cells, while D5 receptors located in both plasma membrane and cytosol. With the pre-treatment of SKF38393, the subcellular distribution of D1 receptors was changed. The yellow particle-like fluorescence of tagged D 1 receptors appeared in the cytosol, indicating that D 1 receptors were internalized into cytosol from the cell surface. Same situation also occurred in ACh pre-treatment. In contrast, the subcellular distribution of D5 receptors was not changed after SKF38393 or ACh treatment, indicating that D5R was not translocated to cell surface. Interestingly, when D1 and D5 receptors were co-expressed in the same cell, both kept their distinct subcellular distribution patterns and the trafficking properties. Conclusion Our present study reveals that in NG108-15 nerve cells, dopamine D1 and D5 receptors exhibit differential subcellular distribution patterns, and only D1 receptor has a marked trafficking response to the drug stimulation. We further discuss the potential role of the differential trafficking properties of D1-like receptors in complex modulation of DA signaling.
文摘目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激(repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulate,rTMS)辅助治疗对抑郁症患者神经递质及认知功能的影响。方法将94例抑郁症患者随机分为观察组和对照组各47例。两组均给予艾司西酞普兰片治疗,观察组联合rTMS辅助治疗,治疗4个月后,比较两组血清神经递质、认知功能、临床疗效。结果观察组有效率(87.23%)明显高于对照组(70.21%)(P<0.05);血清多巴胺、5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素含量均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)总反应数、正确反应数、完成分类数均明显高于对照组,错误应答数、持续性错误数均明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 rTMS辅助治疗有助于改善抑郁症认知功能,提高临床疗效,可能与调节血清神经递质表达水平等因素有关。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB933200)
文摘Dopamine(DA) plays an important role in health and peripheral nervous systems. Colorimetric detection of DA has the advantage of color change and simplicity in operation and instrumentation. Herein, we report a highly sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of DA by using two specific ligands modified Ag nanoparticles, where the DA molecules can make dual recognition with high specificity. The colloidal suspension of modified Ag nanoparticles was agglomerated after interacting with DA, while the color of Ag nanoparticles suspension changed from yellow to brown, arising from the interparticle plasmon coupling during the aggregation of Ag nanoparticles. The modified Ag nanoparticles suspension and agglomeration were confirmed by transmission electron microscope images. The optical properties behind the color change were thoroughly investigated by using UV-Vis and Raman techniques. The changes in p H, zeta potential, particle size and surface charge density by adding DA were also determined by using dynamic light scattering measurements. The detection limits of modified Ag probes for DA was calculated to be 6.13′10^(-6) mol L^(-1)(S/N=2.04) and the correlation co-efficient was determined to be 0.9878. Because of the simplicity in operation and instrumentation of the colorimetric method, this work may afford a feasible, fast approach for detecting and monitoring the DA levels in physiological and pathological systems.
基金Supported by National Science-technology Support Plan Projects (No.2013BAH14F03)
文摘OBJECTIVE： To study the effect of Qilongtoutong granule （QLTT） on plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）, beta-endorphin （I[3-EP）, 5-HT, dopa- mine （DA）, noradrenalin （NE）, and blood viscosity in migraine model rats and mice. METHODS： Both the acute blood stasis model group and nitroglycerin-induced migraine model group included 60 Sprague-Dawley rats. The reser- pine-reduced model group had 60 Kunming mice. Rats from each test were grouped into normal con- trol group, model group, Zhengtian pill （ZTP） group, and high, moderate, or low-dose QLTT groups. In the acute blood stasis model test, after gavage for 7 days, rats were given 0.8 mL/kg adren- aline hydrochloride subcutaneously twice, and kept in ice water for 5 min. After fasting for 12 h, rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected for detection of blood viscosity. In the nitro- glycerin-induced migraine group, after gavage for 7 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected nitro- glycerin （10 mg/kg）, and 4 h later, blood samples were collected from postcava for measuring the plasma CGRP and 13-EP levels. In the reserpine-re- duced model test, except the normal control group, mice were administered reserpine （0.25 mg/ kg, i.h.） for 9 days. Mice received intragastric admin- istration from the third day to the ninth day. One hour after the last gavage, blood and brain tissue samples were obtained. Then, blood clotting time and the contents of neurotransmitters were deter- mined. RESULTS： QLTT- （3.6, 1.8, and 0.9 g/kg） and ZTP-treated rats had lower blood viscosity than that in model rats under different shear rates （P〈 0.01）. QLTT- （3.6, 1.8 g/kg） and ZTP-treated rats had significantly lower plasma CGRP levels and higher plasma 13-EP levels than those in model rats （P〈 0.01）. QLTT treatment at dose of 0.9 g/kg had lower plasma CGRP levels as well （P〈0.05）. QLTT- （5.2, 2.6 g/kg） and ZTP-treated mice had longer blood clotting time than that in model mice （P〈0.01）. QLTT- （2.6 g/kg） and ZTP-treated mice had higher plasma serotonin （5-HT） levels than those in model mice （P〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： QLTT-treated animals had lower plasma CGRP level, higher plasma 13-EP, 5-HT, high- er brain tissue 5-HT, NE, DA levels, and lower blood viscosity than those in the migraine model animals.
文摘Burying beetles Nicrophorus orbicollis exhibit facultative biparental care of young. To reproduce, a male-female burying beetle pair bury and prepare a small vertebrate carcass as food for its altricial young. During a breeding bout, male and female behavior changes synchronously at appropriate times and is coordinated to provide effective care for offspring. Although the ecologicaJ and evolutionary factors that shape this remarkable reproductive plasticity are well characterized, the neuromodulation of parental behavior is poorly understood. Juvenile hormone levels rise dramat- ically at the time beetle parents accept and feed larvae, remain highly elevated during the stages of most active care and fall abruptly when care is terminated. However, hormonal fluctuations alone cannot account for this elaborate control of reproduction. The biogenic amines octopamine （OA）, dopamine （DA）, and serotonin （5-HT） mediate a diversity of insect reproductive and social behav- iors. In this study, we measured whole brain monoamine levels in individual male and female bury- ing beetles and compared OA, DA, and 5-HT profiles between breeding （parental） and nonbreed- ing, unmated beetles. Remarkably, after 24 h of care, when parental feeding rates begin to peak, DA brain levels increase in breeding beetles when compared to nonbreeding controls. In contrast, brain OA and 5-HT levels did not change significantly. These results provide the first evidence for a potential role of DA in the modulation of burying beetle parental behavior.
文摘Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of depression）, plasma adrenalin level （a peripheral marker of stress） as well as fluoro-jade C staining （a marker of neurodegeneration）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic （7 d） or chronic （14 d） FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment （3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d） were stained with fluoro-jade C. Results The rats subjected to swimming stress （acute, sub-chronic and chronic） showed long immobility times [（214 ± 5）, （220 ± 4） and （231 ± 7） s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fluoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression （monoamine levels） and internal stress （adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration）, hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.
