Genetic structure of Iraqi buffalo population, in the South, Middle and North area of the country was characterized, using six microsatellite markers （ETHI52, ETH02, ETH225, CSSM060, BM1706 and INRA005）. Seventy all...Genetic structure of Iraqi buffalo population, in the South, Middle and North area of the country was characterized, using six microsatellite markers （ETHI52, ETH02, ETH225, CSSM060, BM1706 and INRA005）. Seventy alleles were detected across the six loci. Total number of alleles per locus （TNA） varied from 3 （INRA005 locus） to 16 （ETH 152 locus）. The mean number of allele （MNA） across the six loci in Iraqi indigenous buffalo was 11.4. The locus ETHI52 was the most polymorphic marker according to its number of allele （16）, the expected heterozygosity （0.86） and polymorphism information content （0.80） number of alleles （3）, expected Heterozygosity （0.1-0.2） and polymorphism information content （0.1-0.2）. Results showed that these markers were suitable in population genetics researches. It was concluded that a high degree of genetic diversity exist in the Iraqi buffalo populations.展开更多
The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensa...The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensable part of the low-carbon urban transportation and a necessary way to protect the rights of mobility disadvantaged groups in green travel.In this paper,the researchers conducted life log surveys on the travels of 10 wheelchair users residing in Beijing with IoT Inspector,a self-developed,wheelchairmountable intelligent sensing device.Wheelchair users’travel preferences and reasons were then analyzed using the image and textual data from the surveys.Combined with a mapping workshop,a comparative analysis was performed on the bumpiness of sidewalk paving materials.The study found that wheelchair travelers’preferred non-motor lanes over sidewalks;substandard curb ramps,unleveled tree pools,limited access widths,and bumpy pavement were the main problems faced by wheelchair users in sidewalk accessibility.In addition,the study explores the inclusive needs and challenges of non-motorized right-of-way for new transportation means at urban planning and traffic management levels.Based on multi-sourced data,this paper discusses the possibility of assessing urban barrier-free environment and representing a narrative of the needs of mobility disadvantaged groups,so as to provide practical experience and technical support to the improvement strategies of adaptive roads.展开更多
In this paper, the Hopf Ore extension and corresponding module extension of the group algebra over dihedral group are studied. It turns out that the 1-dimensional and 2- dimensional simple representations can both be ...In this paper, the Hopf Ore extension and corresponding module extension of the group algebra over dihedral group are studied. It turns out that the 1-dimensional and 2- dimensional simple representations can both be extended to the simple representations over a class of Hopf Ore extension.展开更多
Whereas a rich literature exists for estimating population genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are lacking, particularly for comparing multiple traits among three or more populations. Here, we r...Whereas a rich literature exists for estimating population genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are lacking, particularly for comparing multiple traits among three or more populations. Here, we review and analyze via simula- tion Hedges＇ g, a widely used parametric estimate of effect size. Our analyses indicate that g is sensitive to a combination of unequal trait variances and unequal sample sizes among populations and to changes in the scale of measurement. We then go on to derive and explain a new, non-parametric distance measure, ＇Aft＇, which is caiculated based upon a joint cumulative distribution function （CDF） from all populations under study. More precisely, distances are measured in terms of the percentiles in this CDF at which each population＇s median lies. Ap combines many desirable features of other distance metrics into a single metric; namely, compared to other metrics, p is relatively insensitive to unequal variances and sample sizes among the populations sam- pied. Furthermore, a key feature of Ap--and our main motivation for developing it--is that it easily accommodates simultaneous comparisons of any number of traits across any number of populations. To exemplify its utility, we employ Ap to address a ques- tion related to the role of sexual selection in speciation： are sexual signals more divergent than ecological traits in closely related taxa？ Using traits of known function in closely related populations, we show that traits predictive of reproductive performance are indeed, more divergent and more sexually dimorphic than traits related to ecological adaptation [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 426-439 2012].展开更多
文摘Genetic structure of Iraqi buffalo population, in the South, Middle and North area of the country was characterized, using six microsatellite markers （ETHI52, ETH02, ETH225, CSSM060, BM1706 and INRA005）. Seventy alleles were detected across the six loci. Total number of alleles per locus （TNA） varied from 3 （INRA005 locus） to 16 （ETH 152 locus）. The mean number of allele （MNA） across the six loci in Iraqi indigenous buffalo was 11.4. The locus ETHI52 was the most polymorphic marker according to its number of allele （16）, the expected heterozygosity （0.86） and polymorphism information content （0.80） number of alleles （3）, expected Heterozygosity （0.1-0.2） and polymorphism information content （0.1-0.2）. Results showed that these markers were suitable in population genetics researches. It was concluded that a high degree of genetic diversity exist in the Iraqi buffalo populations.
文摘The construction of a barrier-free environment is an important measure that guarantees the safety,right-of-way,and interests of the disabled,the elderly,and other mobility disadvantaged groups.It is also an indispensable part of the low-carbon urban transportation and a necessary way to protect the rights of mobility disadvantaged groups in green travel.In this paper,the researchers conducted life log surveys on the travels of 10 wheelchair users residing in Beijing with IoT Inspector,a self-developed,wheelchairmountable intelligent sensing device.Wheelchair users’travel preferences and reasons were then analyzed using the image and textual data from the surveys.Combined with a mapping workshop,a comparative analysis was performed on the bumpiness of sidewalk paving materials.The study found that wheelchair travelers’preferred non-motor lanes over sidewalks;substandard curb ramps,unleveled tree pools,limited access widths,and bumpy pavement were the main problems faced by wheelchair users in sidewalk accessibility.In addition,the study explores the inclusive needs and challenges of non-motorized right-of-way for new transportation means at urban planning and traffic management levels.Based on multi-sourced data,this paper discusses the possibility of assessing urban barrier-free environment and representing a narrative of the needs of mobility disadvantaged groups,so as to provide practical experience and technical support to the improvement strategies of adaptive roads.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10771182)
文摘In this paper, the Hopf Ore extension and corresponding module extension of the group algebra over dihedral group are studied. It turns out that the 1-dimensional and 2- dimensional simple representations can both be extended to the simple representations over a class of Hopf Ore extension.
基金Acknowlegements We thank Matthew Arnegard, Carlos Botero, Tamra Mendelson, Rafael Rodriqu6z and Sander van Doom for excellent discussions about the need for a new phenotypic distance metric and Maria Servedio for the invitation and encouragement to formalize our ideas. This research was supported as part of the Sexual Selection and Speciation working group by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center （NESCent）, NSF #EF-0905606. RJS and SMF were supported by the University of Colorado and National Science Founda- tion grant IOS-0717421to RJS. MK was supported by a grant from the Vienna Science and Technology Fund （WWTF） to the Mathematics and Biosciences Group at the University of Vienna. EAH thanks Mitch Bern for use of his Master＇s thesis data and was supported by the National Science Foundation grant lOS - 0643179. DEI and DPLT were supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Can- ada （Discovery Grants 311931-2005 and 311931-2010 to DEI, CGS-D to DPLT）. NS and JAT were supported by the Royal Society, British Ecological Society and John Fell Fund （Ox- ford University）. ES supported by NSF-DDIG the American Ornithologists Union, the University of Chicago, and the American Philosophical Society Lewis and Clark award. JACU was funded by National Science Foundation grant lOS 0306175.
文摘Whereas a rich literature exists for estimating population genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are lacking, particularly for comparing multiple traits among three or more populations. Here, we review and analyze via simula- tion Hedges＇ g, a widely used parametric estimate of effect size. Our analyses indicate that g is sensitive to a combination of unequal trait variances and unequal sample sizes among populations and to changes in the scale of measurement. We then go on to derive and explain a new, non-parametric distance measure, ＇Aft＇, which is caiculated based upon a joint cumulative distribution function （CDF） from all populations under study. More precisely, distances are measured in terms of the percentiles in this CDF at which each population＇s median lies. Ap combines many desirable features of other distance metrics into a single metric; namely, compared to other metrics, p is relatively insensitive to unequal variances and sample sizes among the populations sam- pied. Furthermore, a key feature of Ap--and our main motivation for developing it--is that it easily accommodates simultaneous comparisons of any number of traits across any number of populations. To exemplify its utility, we employ Ap to address a ques- tion related to the role of sexual selection in speciation： are sexual signals more divergent than ecological traits in closely related taxa？ Using traits of known function in closely related populations, we show that traits predictive of reproductive performance are indeed, more divergent and more sexually dimorphic than traits related to ecological adaptation [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 426-439 2012].
