多无线电协作技术与异构网络融合

异构网络融合是未来网络技术发展的必然趋势。异构网络的融合面临着高延迟、高消耗、低速率等诸多方面的"瓶颈"。为克服这些"瓶颈",满足异构网络融合的需求,多无线电协作技术应运而生。通过多无线电间的相互协作和对多无线电资源的有效管理及合理分配,能够有效地提高网络吞吐量,降低无线设备的能量消耗,减少异构网络间切换的延迟,从而为实现真正的异构网络无缝融合提供了可能。

一种多无线电系统中基于公平性和精细化带宽分配的资源分配算法

该文针对以OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)为多址接入方式的多无线电系统中用户比例公平性和系统效率问题进行了研究,提出一种联合资源分配算法,不仅保证了用户比例公平性下系统的吞吐量,还充分考虑了分配的带宽是子信道带宽整倍数的特点,对分配给每个终端的带宽进行子信道整数倍调整。最后通过仿真对比,从系统吞吐量和公平性两方面给出了算法的性能。

异构网络中多无线电多信道环境下信道状态预测算法研究

该文针对异构网络环境未知性的特点,基于部分可测马尔科夫(POMDP)模型,结合认知无线电频谱侦测技术,提出了一种新的多无线电多信道环境下信道状态预测算法。该算法通过对信道状态历史信息的分析,推导出信道信念状态(belief state)的初始分布和转移概率,并以此选择出具有最佳回报的信道以供接入,从而达到提高信道利用率的目的。仿真结果表明算法性能要优于传统算法。

瑞利衰落环境中一种能量有效的多无线电信道搜索机制研究

针对当前频谱搜索机制在能量有效方面的不足,该文提出了一种在瑞利衰落条件下基于部分可测马尔科夫决策过程(POMDP)的多无线电信道搜索机制MRCSS。该机制通过对瑞利衰落环境中信道状态建立POMDP模型来分析和推导出能效最佳信道,并以此指导用户的信道选择。仿真结果表明该机制能较传统搜索机制更有效地减少感知时间和节省能耗,从而达到提高频谱感知性能的目的。

一种新型认知无线电信道状态的预测算法

基于部分可测马尔科夫决策过程(POMDP)模型,结合认知无线电频谱侦测技术,提出一种新的多无线电多信道环境下认知无线电检测信道算法.该算法通过对信道状态历史信息的分析,推导出信道信念状态的初始分布和转移概率;然后,以此选择出具有最佳回报的信道以供接入,使得次用户能获得最佳带宽回报,从而达到提高信道利用率的目的.仿真结果表明,算法获得相对于传统认知无线电频谱接入方式更高的信道带宽,并接近无漏检和虚警现象的理想情况,有效地提高了信道利用率.

一种能量有效的认知无线电信道搜索机制研究

针对当前认知无线电中频谱搜索机制在能量有效方面的不足,提出了一种在瑞利衰落条件下基于部分可测马尔科夫决策过程(POMDP)的多无线电信道搜索机制MRCSS。该机制通过对瑞利衰落环境中信道状态建立POMDP模型来分析和推导出能效最佳信道,并以此指导用户的信道选择。仿真结果表明该机制能较传统搜索机制更有效地减少感知时间和节省能耗,从而达到提高频谱感知性能的目的。

CoMP-transmission-based energy-efficient scheme selection algorithm for LTE-A systems

In order to achieve higher system energy efficiency （EE）,a new coordinated multipoint （CoMP）-transmission-based scheme selection energy saving （CTSES）algorithm is proposed for downlink homogeneous cellular networks.The problem is formulated as an optimization of maximizing system EE,under the constraints of the data rate requirement and the maximum transmit power.The problem is decomposed into power allocation and alternative scheme selection problems.Optimal power allocation is calculated for CoMP-JT （joint transmission）and CoMP-CS （coordinated scheduling） transmissions,and the scheme with higher EE is chosen. Since the optimal problem is a nonlinear fractional optimization problem for both CoMP transmission schemes, the problem is transformed into an equivalent problem using the parametric method. The optimal transmit power and optimal EE are obtained by an iteration algorithm in CoMP-JT and CoMP-CS schemes.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm offers obvious energy-saving potential and outperforms the fixed CoMP transmission scheme.Under the condition of the same maximum transmit power limit,the empirical regularity of user distribution for scheme choice is presented, and using this regularity, the computational complexity can be reduced.

On Channel Assignment for Multicast in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks:A Survey

The major challenge faced by wireless mesh networks is the capacity reduction caused by interference,and interference can be reduced or even eliminated through appropriate channel assignment.This article presents a comprehensive survey of channel assignment schemes for multicast in multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks.We analyze the state-of-the-art channel assignment schemes for multicast and provide comprehensive taxonomy of the latest work.In general,we classify the channel assignment schemes for multicast into two types,that is,sequential multicast routing and channel assignment(SMRCA)and joint multicast routing and channel assignment(JMRCA).Detailed review of channel assignment schemes in each category is provided.Possible future research directions and corresponding solutions are also explored to motivate research interests in the field of channel assignment for multicast in wireless mesh networks.

Coordinated Multi-User Spectrum Sharing in Distributed Antenna-Based Cognitive Radio Systems

Spectrum sharing for efficient reuse of licensed spectrum is an important concept for cognitive radio technologies.In a spectrum-sharing system(SSS),deploying the antennas in a distributed manner can offer a new spatial dimension for the efficient reuse of licensed frequency bands.To improve the whole performance of multiple secondary users(SUs),this paper addresses the problem of coordinated multi-SU spectrum sharing in a distributed antenna-based SSS.By adopting the Hungarian method,the primal decomposition method and pricing policy,we propose a coordinated multi-user transmission scheme,so as to maximize the sum-rate of SUs.Simulation results show that the proposed method can significantly enhance the system performance,and the computational complexity is low.

Optimal subcarrier allocation for cognitive radio with multi-user OFDM and distributed antenna

The subcarrier allocation problem in cognitive radio（CR）networks with multi-user orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing（OFDM）and distributed antenna is analyzed and modeled for the flat fading channel and the frequency selective channel,where the constraint on the secondary user（SU）to protect the primary user（PU）is that the total throughput of each PU must be above the given threshold instead of the ＂interference temperature＂.According to the features of different types of channels,the optimal subcarrier allocation schemes are proposed to pursue efficiency（or maximal throughput）,using the branch and bound algorithm and the 0-1 implicit enumeration algorithm.Furthermore,considering the tradeoff between efficiency and fairness,the optimal subcarrier allocation schemes with fairness are proposed in different fading channels,using the pegging algorithm.Extensive simulation results illustrate the significant performance improvement of the proposed subcarrier allocation schemes compared with the existing ones in different scenarios.

A K-means clustering based blind multiband spectrum sensing algorithm for cognitive radio

In this paper,a blind multiband spectrum sensing(BMSS)method requiring no knowledge of noise power,primary signal and wireless channel is proposed based on the K-means clustering(KMC).In this approach,the KMC algorithm is used to identify the occupied subband set(OSS)and the idle subband set(ISS),and then the location and number information of the occupied channels are obtained according to the elements in the OSS.Compared with the classical BMSS methods based on the information theoretic criteria(ITC),the new method shows more excellent performance especially in the low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and the small sampling number scenarios,and more robust detection performance in noise uncertainty or unequal noise variance applications.Meanwhile,the new method performs more stablely than the ITC-based methods when the occupied subband number increases or the primary signals suffer multi-path fading.Simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Incorporating Network Coding into TCP Grounded on Network Utility Maximization in Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks

A new approach, named TCP-I2NC, is proposed to improve the interaction between network coding and TCP and to maximize the network utility in interference-free multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks. It is grounded on a Network Utility Maxmization (NUM) formulation which can be decomposed into a rate control problem and a packet scheduling problem. The solutions to these two problems perform resource allocation among different flows. Simulations demonstrate that TCP-I2NC results in a significant throughput gain and a small delay jitter. Network resource is fairly allocated via the solution to the NUM problem and the whole system also runs stably. Moreover, TCP-I2NC is compatible with traditional TCP variants.

Throughput optimization for multi-channel cooperative CR under reporting channel errors

To overcome the problem of channel fading and noise uncertainty,cooperative spectrum sensing(CSS)is developed to enhance the sensing performance in cognitive radio networks(CRNs).Considering that the non-ideal reporting channels of CSS can cause an adverse impact on the detection performance,the throughput maximization problem for multi-channel CSS cognitive radio under reporting channel errors is investigated.While providing all the primary users with sufficient protection,the average throughput of secondary users(SUs)is maximized by jointly optimizing the sensing duration,detection threshold and SU assignment.To address the non-convex optimization problem,the optimal energy detection threshold is derived first.Then,a sub-optimal greedy algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal sensing duration and the optimal SU assignment.Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can output the same performance as the exhaustive search algorithm at a much lower level of complexity.It is also shown that the impact of imperfect reporting channels should be considered especially in low signal-to-noise ratio environments and the reporting channel errors significantly reduce the performance of CSS.

Optimization of Multiband Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks under Sensing Capability Constrains

This paper addresses the problem of joint optimization of subchannel selection and spectrum sensing time for multiband cognitive radio networks under the sensing capability constrains. In particular, we construct a multiband spectrum sensing framework, and derive the probabilities of detection and false alarm taking the different subchannel gain into account. Furthermore, we formulate the multi- band sensing as a two-parameter optimization prob- lem under the sensing capability constrains and guaranteeing the QoS of the secondary user. Moreover, we develop a semi-analytical optimization scheme to achieve the optimal solution.

SPECTRAL CORRELATION METHOD IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE FADING RADIO ENVIRONMENT

Many modulated communication signals exhibit a cyclostationarity （or periodic correlation） property. To exploit the underlying periodicity of the modulated signal in the real-time recognition schcme of radio eilvironments, this letter introduces a spectral correlation method to identify the number and the direction of multi-path in the environment of frequency-selective fading channel. By simulation, the graphs of spatial spectra corresponding to a certain cycle frequency is presented to show the accuracy of spectral correlation method in multi-path environment recognition.

Joint channel allocation and power control with fairness in multi-hop cognitive radio networks

This paper investigates channel allocation and cognitive radio networks. The color-sensitive graph power control schemes in OFDM-based multi-hop coloring （CSGC） model is viewed as an efficient solution to the spectrum assignment problem. The model is extended to combine with the power con- trol strategy to avoid interference among secondary users and adapt dynamic topology. The optimiza- tion problem is formulated encompassing the channel allocation and power control with the interfer- ence constrained below a tolerable limit. Meanwhile, the proposed resource allocation scheme takes the fairness of secondary users into account in obtaining the solution of optimization. Numerical re- suits show that the proposed strategy outperforms the existing spectrum assignment algorithms on the performance of both the network throughput and minimum route bandwidth of all routes, as well as the number of connected multi-hop routes which implies the fairness among secondary users.

Distributed Spectrum Sharing Scheme for Multiuser Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Cognitive Radio Networks

This paper presents a novel spec- trum sharing design aiming at optimising the performance of a Multiuser Orthogonal Freq- uency-Division Multiplexing （MU-OFDM） Co- gnitive Radio Network （CRN） that consists of multiple secondary Transmitter-Receiver （Tx-Rx） pairs. For most MU-OFDM systems, the Exc- lusive Subchannel Assignment （ESA） is an efficient resource allocation method. Noneth- eless, it is inappropriate for the network consi- dered in this paper, because subchannels shar- ing among secondary Tx-Rx pairs can further improve the system performance. We investi- gate the Weighted Sum Rate （WSR） maximi- zation problem under the Shared Subchannel Assignment （SSA）, where each subchannel is shared by multiple secondary Tx-Rx pairs. With Lagrangian duality technique, we decompose the original resource allocation problem into sev- eral sub-problems on each subchannel and pro- pose a duality-based suhchannel sharing ap- proach. For practical realisation in the cogni- tive systems without central control entity, a distributed duality-based WSR maximization scheme is presented. Simulation results mani- fest that the proposed scheme achieves sig- nificantly better performance than ESA duality scheme.

Optimal Power Allocation for Multiuser Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks under QoS and Interference Temperature Constraints

Power allocation is an important issue for Cognitive Radio Networks(CRNs),since it needs to consider the Quality of Service(QoS) for Secondary Users(SUs) while maintaining the interference power to Primary User(PU) below the Interference Temperature(IT) threshold. In this paper, based on Euclidean projection, we propose a distributed power control algorithm with QoS requirements to minimise the total power consumption of SUs under the time-varying channel scenario. Considering the maximum transmit power constraints and the minimum signal to interference plus noise constraints for each SU, together with the IT constraints for each PU, the power allocation problem is transformed into a convex optimization problem without auxiliary variables, and is solved by the Lagrangian dual method with less information exchange.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is superior to the Iterative Water-Filling Algorithm(IWFA).

Dual-Tone Radio Interferometric Positioning Systems for Multi-Target Localization Using a Single Mobile Anchor

In this paper, a low-cost dualtone radio interferometric positioning system using a single mobile anchor is proposed to locate multiple targets at the same time. We name it mDRIPS. In mDRIPS, each target continuously transmits a dual-tone signal with its dedicated frequencies, and the mobile anchor receives the signals at different positions along its trajectory, Neither time synchronization between the mobile anchor and the targets nor time synchronization among the targets is required. We take the instability of targets clocks into consideration and develop an ESPRIT-type algorithm to estimate frequencies of each dual-tone signal. Furthermore, the time of arrival （TOA） of each target signal is extracted from the phase estimates of the received dual-tone signals. After measuring several TOAs at different locations along the anchor＇s trajectory, each target can be located. Since the frequency difference of the two tones of each dualtone signal is designed to be smaller than the channel coherence bandwidth, the same fading effect on these two tones can be eliminated. Moreover, the integer ambiguity problem due to phase wrapping is investigated, and a localization algorithm to deal with a simplified ambiguity problem is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed mDRIPS.

Distributed multichannel medium access control protocol without common control channel for single-hop cognitive radio networks

A novel distributed cognitive radio multichannel medium access protocol without common control channel was proposed.The protocol divided a transmission interval into two parts for exchanging control information and data,respectively.In addition to evaluating system saturation throughput of the proposed protocol,a three-dimensional multi channel Markov chain model to describe the sate of the cognitive users (CUs) in dynamic spectrum access was presented.The proposed analysis was applied to the packet transmission schemes employed by the basic,RTS/CTS access mechanism adopted in the normal IEEE 802.11.Analyzing the advantage of the two methods,a hybrid access mechanism was proposed to improve the system throughput.The simulation results show that the experiment results are close to the value computed by the model (less than 5%),and the proposed protocol significantly improves the performance of the system throughput by borrowing the licensed spectrum.By analyzing the dependence of throughput on system parameters,hybrid mechanism dynamically selecting access mechanism can maintain high throughput.