多晶粉末X射线衍射法在物证司法鉴定中的应用研究

通过XRD衍射法对从交通事故案发现场中,采集的泥土A样品进行物相及成分分析,并与案发现场周边30km范围内的13个挖土工地采集的泥土样品比对,发现样品A的衍射峰及物相成分与其中5个工地所采集的泥土样品相符,肇事车辆疑属这5个工地。结果表明,多晶粉未XRD衍射法在交通事故物证司法鉴定中,具有分析时间短、见效快、成本低、科学性强的特点,为交通事故的侦破处理及打击交通违法犯罪提供更为有效、便捷、快速、科学的依据。

重掺多晶氧化法LDD-CMOS高性能电路的优化设计与研制

对重掺多晶氧化法(HDPO)应用于LDD IC中的工艺条件进行了优化,并实现了HDPO-LDD电路.研究了HDPO-LDD器件的性能和热载流子效应,同时对器件进行计算机模拟,对HDPO-LDD进行优化设计,获得了优化参数.综合优化设计的工艺条件和参数,成功地应用于亚微米NMOSFET,1μm沟道长的CMOS CD4007电路,2μm沟道长的CMOS 21级环振和2.5μm沟道长的LSI CMOS IC,性能优良,高速,稳定,可靠.

部分稳定ZrO_2体系中晶相的定量分析

本文讨论了在部分稳定的ZrO_2体系中用XRD衍射圈定量计算体系中单斜含量的两种方法:基体冲洗和多晶法。并对两种方法的可靠性进行了讨论,说明两种方法在允许的误差范围内是可行的。

合成腔体尺寸对Ib型六面体金刚石单晶生长的影响

利用液压缸直径为550 mm的大缸径六面顶压机,在5.6 GPa,1200—1400?C的高压高温条件下,分别采用单晶种法和多晶种法,开展了Ib型六面体宝石级金刚石单晶的生长研究,系统考察了合成腔体尺寸对Ib型六面体金刚石大单晶生长的影响.首先,阐述了合成腔体尺寸对合成设备油压传递效率的影响,研究得到了设备油压与腔体内实际压力的关系曲线;其次,选择尺寸为Φ14 mm的合成腔体,分别采用单晶种法和多晶种法(5颗晶种),进行Ib型六面体金刚石大单晶的生长实验,研究阐述了Φ14 mm合成腔体的晶体生长实验规律;再次,为了解决液压缸直径与合成腔体尺寸不匹配的问题,将合成腔体尺寸扩大到26 mm,并开展了多晶种法六面体金刚石大单晶的生长研究,最多单次生长出14颗优质3 mm级Ib型六面体金刚石单晶,研究得到了Φ26 mm合成腔体生长3 mm级Ib型六面体金刚石单晶的实验规律,并就两种腔体合成金刚石单晶的总体生长速度与生长时间的关系进行了讨论;最后,借助于拉曼光谱,将合成的优质六面体金刚石单晶与天然金刚石单晶进行对比测试,对所合成晶体的结构及品质进行了表征.

在Fe-Al-C系统中合成优质IIa型宝石级金刚石单晶

和优质Ib型宝石级金刚石单晶生长相比,作为当今高温高压晶体生长的一种高精尖技术,优质Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石单晶对合成技术提出了更高更苛刻的要求。本研究从晶体的生长速度出发,发现一开始阶段(大约几个小时)的晶体生长速度对优质宝石级金刚石单晶的后期生长至关重要。对Fe-A l-C系统(A l含量不大于2.5wt%)来说,采用多晶种法将晶体开始阶段的晶体生长速度由1.5mg/h降至0.5mg/h后,对生长过程中金属包裹体的进入有了明显的抑制作用,晶体的质量有了很大提高。从晶体中包裹体的存在形式来看,为了获得优质Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石单晶,在触媒中人为地添加除氮剂给晶体生长过程中的排杂过程带来了很大的难度。为了更好的实现排杂,必须很好的处理晶体表面的径向平铺生长速度和晶体轴向的堆积生长速度之间的关系。

X射线衍射分析的实验方法及其应用

概要介绍了X射线衍射分析的原理及其相关理论,总结了X射线衍射的各种实验方法,对X射线衍射分析的应用分别进行了叙述,最后对X射线衍射分析的发展进行了展望。

Phase-field simulation of forced flow effect on random preferred growth direction of multiple grains

The random distribution problem of dendrite preferred growth direction was settled by random grid method.This method was used to study the influence of forced laminar flow effect on multiple grains during solidification.Taking high pure succinonitrile （SCN） undercooled melt as an example,the forced laminar flow effect on multiple grains was studied by phase-field model of single grain which coupled with flow equations at non-isothermal condition.The simulation results show that the random grid method can reasonably settle the problem of random distribution and is more effective.When the solid fraction is relatively low,melt particles flow around the downstream side of dendrite,and the flow velocity between two dendrite arms becomes high.At the stage of solidification time less than 1800Δt,every dendrite grows freely;the upstream dendrites are stronger than the downstream ones.The higher the melt flow rate,the higher the solid fraction.However,when the solid fraction is relatively high,the dendrite arm intertwins and only a little residual melt which is not encapsulated can flow;the solid fraction will gradually tend to equal to solid fraction of melt without flow.

Hydrogenation of Polycrystalline SiGe Thin Films by Hot Wire Technique

An optimized condition for defect passivation by the hot-wire technique was established. Effects of hydrogenation for polycrystalline SiGe （poly-Si1-xGex ） thin films were estimated by investigating the dark conductivity and activation energy that derive from the conductivity as a function of the temperature. The results show that this technique can effectively reduce defects present in poly-Si1-xGex films. By optimizing the substrate and filament temperatures,the treatment can be accomplished in a short time of 20-30min, which is considerably shorter than other hydrogenation techniques.

Growth interface of CdMnTe crystal by traveling heater method

The growth interfaces of CdMnTe（CMT） crystals grown by traveling heater method（THM） were studied. Two types of polycrystalline CMT feed ingots synthesized in a traditional rocking furnace and vertical Bridgman（VB） furnace were adopted in THM growth, and the effects of the polycrystalline feed on the growth interface were revealed. The morphology of the growth interface of CMT crystal（CMT2） grown from the feed by vertical Bridgman was smoother with lower curvature compared with that of CMT crystal（CMT1） from the feed by rocking furnace. The radial Mn composition and Te inclusion distribution of the CMT wafers were analyzed and correlated to the growth interface. The Mn segregation along the radial direction and Te inclusion density of CMT2 were lower than those of CMT1. The VB method synthesized polycrystalline feed could improve the growth interface morphology, which is beneficial for decreasing the Te inclusions and Mn segregation in CMT wafers.

Gate-Capacitance-Shift Approach and Compact Modeling for Quantum Mechanical Effects in Poly-Gates

A new approach,gate-capacitance-shift (GCS) approach,is described for compact modeling.This approach is piecewise for various physical effects and comprises the gate-bias-dependent nature of corrections in the nanoscale regime.Additionally,an approximate-analytical solution to the quantum mechanical (QM) effects in polysilicon (poly)-gates is obtained based on the density gradient model.It is then combined with the GCS approach to develop a compact model for these effects.The model results tally well with numerical simulation.Both the model results and simulation results indicate that the QM effects in poly-gates of nanoscale MOSFETs are non-negligible and have an opposite influence on the device characteristics as the poly-depletion (PD) effects do.

Technical Challenges and Progress in Fluidized Bed Chemical Vapor Deposition of Polysilicon

Various methods for production of polysilicon have been proposed for lowering the production cost andenergy consumption, and enhancing productivity, which are critical for industrial applications. The fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition （FBCVD） method is a most promising alternative to conventional ones, but the homogeneous reaction of silane in FBCVD results in unwanted formation of fines, which will affect the product qualityand output. There are some other problems, such as heating degeneration due to undesired polysilicon deposition on the walls of the reactor and the heater. This article mainly reviews the technological development on FBCVD of polycrystalline silicon and the research status for solving the above problems. It also identifies a number of challenges to tackle and principles should be followed in the design ofa FBCVD reactor.

Effect of Boundary Layers on Polycrystalline Silicon Chemical Vapor Deposition in a Trichlorosilane and Hydrogen System

This paper presents the numerical investigation of the effects of momentum, thermal and species boundary layers on the characteristics of polycrystalline silicon deposition by comparing the deposition rates in three chemical vapor deposition （CVD） reactors. A two-dimensional model for the gas flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer was coupled to the gas-phase reaction and surface reaction mechanism for the deposition of polycrystalline silicon from trichlorosilane （TCS）-hydrogen system. The model was verified by comparing the simulated growth rate with the experimental and numerical data in the open literature. Computed results in the reactors indicate that the deposition characteristics are closely related to the momentum, thermal and mass boundary layer thickness. To yield higher deposition rate, there should be higher concentration of TCS gas on the substrate, and there should also be thinner boundary layer of HCl gas so that HCl gas could be pushed away from the surface of the substrate immediately.

Theoretical and experimental investigation on optimization of a non-contact air conveyor

Air film conveyors equipped with porous pads have been developed to bring the liquid crystal display(LCD) into a non-contact state during transportation process. In this work, a theoretical model including flow property of porous media and Reynolds equation is established within a representative region in order to optimize the design parameters of a partial porous air conveyor. With the theoretical model, an optimization method using nondominated sorting genetic algorithm – II(NSGA-II) is applied for a two-objective optimization to achieve a minimum air consumption and maximum load capacity. Three Pareto-optimal solutions are selected to analyze the influence of each parameter on the characteristics of the air conveyor, and the results indicate that the position of the porous pads has the most significant impact on the performance and of course must be determined with care. Furthermore, experimental results in terms of the supporting force versus gap clearance show that the optimized air conveyor can greatly improve the load capacity over the normal one, indicating that the optimization method is applicable for practical use.

新化合物Ca_2FeWO_6的相变、相变机理和晶体结构

用固态烧结法合成了新化合物Ca_2FeWO_6。 用差热分析和X射线物相分析等方法,研究了新化合物Ca_2FeWO_6的相变,证明该化合物在(706±5)℃存在一级位移型相变。低温相α-Ca_2FeWO_6,属正交晶系,空间群为Pmm2,室温时点阵常数为:a=0.770 5l nm,b=0.542 42 nm和c=0.551 08 nm。测量密度为D_m=6.04g/cm^3,单位晶胞内具有2个化学式量。高温相β-Ca_2FeWO_6,属立方晶系,空问群为Fm3m,在750℃时的点阵常数为a=0.780 8 nm,z=4。计算密度为D_x=5.802 g/cm^3。并用X射线多晶法分别测定了α-Ca_2FeWO_6和β-Ca_2FeWO_6的晶体结构。详细地阐明了相变机理。

利用红外光谱法分析洗衣粉的成分

采用热的无水乙醇作为溶剂将洗衣粉的无机和有机成分分开,利用红外（IR）光谱法进行分析。通过IR分析并经多晶粉末X射线衍射法（XRD）物相分析可以确定洗衣粉无机相主要成分为碳酸钠、硫酸钠以及4A沸石。IR分析表明有机相主要成分为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,核磁共振氢谱（~1H NMR）确认为支链十二烷基苯磺酸钠。

Adjusting Na doping via wet-chemical synthesis to enhance thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline SnS

Tin sulfide (SnS) has analogous structural features to tin selenide (SnSe), but contains more abundant resources as compared with SnSe. SnS has elicited attention as a potential eco-friendly therm oelectric (TE) material. However, the intrinsic carrier concentration of SnS is very low, thereby hindering the performance improvement of the material. This study proposes that the TE properties of polycrystalline Nadoped SnS (synthesized through an improved chemical coprecipitation) can be significantly enhanced. The maximum power factor (PF) of 362 μW m^-1K^-2 at 873 K was achieved, presenting a state-of-the-art value for the polycrystalline SnS. Considering the merits of the improved electrical properties and lower thermal conductivity of SnS, the highest ZT was up to 0.52 at 873 K even without intentional chemical doping. This study offers an effective approach for improving the PF to achieve high ZT in SnS. Hence, we expect that this new perspective can be extended to other dopants and broaden the scope of synthesis technology.

Photovoltaic properties of ferroelectric solar cells based on polycrystalline BiFeO_3 films sputtered on indium tin oxide substrates

To study the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect based on polycrystalline films, preparation of high-quality polycrystalline films with low leakage and high remnant polarization is essential. Polycrystalline BiFeO3 （BFO） thin films with extremely large remnant polarization （2Pr = 180 ~aC/cm2） were successfully deposited on glass substrates coated with indium tin oxide using a modified radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. Symmetric and asymmetric cells were constructed to investigate the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect in order to understand the relationship between polarization and photovoltaic response. All examined cells showed polarization-induced photovoltaic effect. Our findings also showed that the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect is highly dependent on the material used for the top electrode and the thickness of the polycrystalline film.

Investigation of morphology selection for CBr_4-C_2Cl_6 alloy in three dimensions with multi-phase field method

With the multi-phase field model, the unidirectional solidification with constant velocity growth and variable velocity growth of the CBr4-C2C16 eutectic alloy is simulated in three dimensions. The simulated results with constant velocity growth show that with the increase of pulling velocity, the morphology of the CBr4-C2C16 alloy evolves in the sequence of lamellar merging -lamellar-rod transition-stable lamellar growth-oscillating growth-lamellar branching. A morphology selection map is established with different pulling velocities, which is confirmed to be correct by the velocity change process. It is shown that all of the morphology transitions, the average interface growth velocity and average interface undercooling show a hysteresis effect against the instant of velocity change. The relationship between the interface average undercooling and interface average growth velocity is consistent with the theoretical value.

Multi-band design for one-dimensional phononic crystals

Periodic composites with band gaps that prevent the propagation of elastic waves in certain frequency ranges can be used to control waves for a variety of engineering applications. Although studies on the characteristics of these materials, which are called phononic crystals (PCs), have yielded a large number of positive results in recent years, there is still a lack of effective design methods. In this work, a multi-objective optimization approach based on the band gap mechanism and an intelligent algorithm is used to design a one-dimensional (1D) slab construction of PCs. The design aims to fit pre-determined bands by arranging the available materials properly. Obtained by analyzing the wave transmission in periodic layers, the objective functions are linked to the optimization program to obtain a proper solution set. The results of the numerical simulations demonstrate that without constructing complicated structures, the design method is able to produce PCs that overcome the limitations of two-component PCs and hence can feasibly and effectively achieve the design targets. The design approach presented in this paper can be extended to two-or three-dimensional systems and has great potential for the development of sound/ultrasound isolation structures, multiple band frequency filters, and other applications.