我国老年人群体的多标志特征及相关政策构建——基于北京市老年残疾人视角

本文以北京市老年残疾人为例,说明我国老年残疾人具有年龄、残障、性别等多种标志。多标志的特点反映出老年残疾人的跨群体或多群体的需求,而目前单群体的社会政策无法满足多标志群体的叠加需求。为此,本文提出社会政策建立多标志视角的接受原则、延伸原则、重点原则和交融原则,并对老年人法、残疾人法和妇女法的多标志视角扩展提出条文方面的具体建议。

“都”量化的多标志语分析

本文提出“都”量化的“多标志语分析”。作者认为 ,在“都”字句中 ,当不止一个可量化成分出现在“都”前时 ,这些成分可以同时获得逐指解 ,即一个“都”字句可有“多逐指解” ;作者还讨论了“多逐指解”的实现 :作为逐指投射的中心语 ,“都”的逐指特征可被多次核查 ,因而使逐指投射产生多个标志语位置 。

乔姆斯基“总推导模式”下双宾语结构的生成

最简方案新时期,核查双宾语结构中两个名词组不可解释性特征是形式语言学不可回避的新问题。我们采用Chomsky总推导模式(General Configuration)对双宾语结构的推导进行改进,设想在v*P语段存在多个Spec位置分别核查直接宾语与间接宾语的不可解释性特征。

Change of SPARC expression after chemotherapy in gastric cancer

Objective： The expression of tumor biomarkers may change after chemotherapy. However, whether secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine （SPARC） expression changes after chemotherapy in gastric cancer （GC） is unclear, qqais study investigated the influence of chemotherapy on SPARC expression in GC. Methods： Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze SPARC expression in 132 GC cases （including 54 cases with preoperative chemotherapy and 78 cases without preoperative chemotherapy）. SPARC expression of postoperative specimens with and without preoperative chemotherapy was assessed to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on SPARC expression. Results： SPARC was highly expressed in GC compared with the desmoplastic stroma surrounding tumor cells and noncancerous tissues. High SPAKC expression was correlated with invasion depth, lymph node, and TNM stage. After chemotherapy, a lower proportion of high SPARC expression was observed in patients with preoperative chemotherapy than in the controls. For 54 patients with preoperative chemotherapy; gross type, histology, depth of invasion, lymph node, TNM stage, and SPARC expression were related to overall survival. Further multivariate analysis showed that lymph node, histology, and SPARC expression after chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Conclusiou： SPARC expression may change after chemotherapy in GC. SPARC expression should be reassessed for patients with GC after chemotherapy.

ECA39 is a novel distant metastasis-related biomarker in colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate the possible role of polysaccharide-K (PSK) -related markers in predicting distant metastasis and in the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC).METHODS: Firstly, we used protein microarrays to analyze the in vitro expression profiles of potential PSK-related markers in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line SW480, which carries a mutant p53 gene. Then, we investigated the clinical implications of these markers in the prognosis of CRC patients. RESULTS: ECA39, a direct target of c-Myc, was identi-fied as a candidate protein affected by the anti-metastat-ic effects of PSK. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ECA39 was expressed at significantly higher levels in tumor tissues with distant metastases compared to those without (P < 0.00001). Positive ECA39 expression was shown to be highly reliable for the prediction of distant metastases (sensitivity: 86.7%, specificity: 90%, posi-tive predictive value: 86.7%, negative predictive value: 90%). A significantly higher cumulative 5-yr disease free survival rate was observed in the ECA39-negative patient group (77.3%) compared with the ECA39-positive patient group (25.8%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that ECA39 is a dominant predictive factor for distant metastasis in pa-tients with advanced CRC and that its suppression by PSK might represent a useful application of immuno-therapy as part of a program of integrated medicine.

Use of antioxidant enzymes of clam Ruditapesphilippinarum as biomarker to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollution

The typical organic pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) anthracene was selected as a contaminant to investigate its eff ects on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum. The results show that SOD, CAT and GSH-Px had diff erent induction and inhibition reactions to anthracene stress, and that three diff erent organs in R. philippinarum(visceral mass, muscle tissue and mantle) had diff erent sensitivities to anthracene stress. This study suggest that SOD activities of the visceral mass, CAT activitities of the mantle and the visceral mass, and GSH-Px activity of the muscle tissue could be used as sensitive indicators of anthracene stress in R. philippinarum.

Transcribed single nucleotide polymorphism: Ideal markers for detecting gene imprinting by 5' nuclease assay

Objective: To establish a novel approach for quick and highly efficient verification of human gene imprinting. Methods: A pair of dye-labelled probes, 5' nuclease assay was combined with RT-PCR to determine the genotype of a transcribed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs705(C>T) of a known imprinted gene, small nuclear ribonucleotide protein N (SNRPN), on both genomic DNA and cDNA of human lym-phoblast cell lines. Results: Allele discrimination showed a clear monoallelic expression pattern of SNRPN, which was confirmed by RT-PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLPs). Pedigree analysis verified the paternal origin of expressed allele, which was in consistency with previous report. Conclusion: Transcribed SNP is an ideal marker for detecting gene imprinting by 5' nuclease assay. This approach also may be used to discover differential allele expression of non-imprinted genes, finding out gene cis-acting functional polymorphism.

Multi-biomarker strategy for prediction of myocardial dysfunction and mortality in sepsis

Objective:The present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the multi-biomarker strategy for the prediction of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction(SIMD)and mortality in septic patients.Methods:Brain natriuretic peptide(BNP),cardiac troponin I(cTnI),and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein(h-FABP)in 147 septic patients were assayed within 6 h after admission.We also determined the plasma levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO)and pregnancyassociated plasma protein-A(PAPP-A).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to assess the best cutoff values of various single-biomarkers for the diagnosis of SIMD and the prediction of mortality.Also,the ROC curve,net reclassification improvement(NRI),and integrated discrimination improvement(IDI)indices were used to evaluate the feasibility of using multi-biomarkers to predict SIMD and mortality.Results:Our statistics revealed that only h-FABP independently predicted SIMD(P<0.05).The addition of MPO and cTnI to h-FABP for SIMD prediction provided an NRI of 18.7%(P=0.025)and IDI of 3.3%(P=0.033).However,the addition of MPO or cTnI to h-FABP did not significantly improve the predictive ability of h-FABP to SIMD,as evidenced by the area under the curve(AUC),NRI,and IDI(all P>0.05).A history of shock and MPO were independent predictors of mortality in septic patients(both P<0.05).The addition of PAPP-A and h-FABP to MPO resulted in a mortality prediction with NRI of 25.5%(P=0.013)and IDI of 2.9%(P=0.045).However,this study revealed that the addition of h-FABP or PAPP-A to MPO did not significantly improve the ability to predict mortality,as evidenced by the AUC,NRI,and IDI(all P>0.05).Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate that a sensitive and specific strategy for early diagnosis of SIMD and mortality prediction in sepsis should incorporate three biomarkers.