美国高等教育扶持行动的司法实践——对多样性原理的分析

美国联邦最高法院在对高等教育扶持行动的合宪(法)性的司法审查中提出并长期采用了多样性原理。联邦最高法院基于宪法《第一修正案》的保护学术自由、《第十四修正案》的民主价值观以及严格司法审查的方式肯定了多样性原理,为多样性原理提供了法律基础。运用多样性原理证明扶持行动的合法性和多样性理想的哲学基础使多样性在其公共话语中占据着一个特殊的地位,但多样性原理在高等教育扶持行动中仍面临着一些问题。

协同多样性原理在珠宝造型设计中的应用研究

本文就协同多样性原理在产品设计中的应用做了深入研究,并且以珠宝设计为例就其在设计框架、设计方案、设计流程三方面的多样性进行了具体分析。

生物多样性在月季专类园景观设计中的应用

对上海、苏州、常州、南昌等4城市的月季专类园景观效果进行了评价和综合分析。针对专类园中存在的地形缺乏变化、植物多样化景观不突出、园艺栽培水平有待提高等问题,提出了微地形改造设计、丰富植物种类、合理设置道路、组织富于变化的游览空间、突出优良的月季品种和增加景观小品等建议。

玉米间种魔芋对魔芋产量及魔芋软腐病的影响

研究应用朱有勇教授的生物多样性原理持续控制病虫害发生、发展的理论以及不同农作物立体种植阻隔病原菌传播的原理,通过对15个富源县竹园镇主栽玉米品种与富源花魔芋间种的方式,探讨玉米间种魔芋对魔芋产量及魔芋软腐病的影响。

Immune response-based algorithm for optimization of dynamic environments

A novel immune algorithm suitable for dynamic environments (AIDE) was proposed based on a biological immune response principle.The dynamic process of artificial immune response with operators such as immune cloning,multi-scale variation and gradient-based diversity was modeled.Because the immune cloning operator was derived from a stimulation and suppression effect between antibodies and antigens,a sigmoid model that can clearly describe clonal proliferation was proposed.In addition,with the introduction of multiple populations and multi-scale variation,the algorithm can well maintain the population diversity during the dynamic searching process.Unlike traditional artificial immune algorithms,which require randomly generated cells added to the current population to explore its fitness landscape,AIDE uses a gradient-based diversity operator to speed up the optimization in the dynamic environments.Several reported algorithms were compared with AIDE by using Moving Peaks Benchmarks.Preliminary experiments show that AIDE can maintain high population diversity during the search process,simultaneously can speed up the optimization.Thus,AIDE is useful for the optimization of dynamic environments.

Higher Species Diversity Occurs in More Fertile Habitats Without Fertilizer Disturbance in an Alpine Natural Grassland Community

Are there some relationships among species diversity and soil chemical properties of high altitude natural grasslands? Plant community composition and chemical properties of soil samples were compared to investigate the relationship between soil and species diversity, and the richness in Tibetan alpine grasslands. Results showed that species diversity was significantly positively related to soil organic matter(SOM), total nitrogen(TN),available nitrogen(AN), total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(AP), and available potassium(AK) in the high alpine grasslands. Margalef's species richness index was also significantly positively related to SOM, TN, AN, and TP. Most soil chemical properties showed significantly positive correlation with species diversity and Margalef's richness index.Our results suggested that higher plant species richness index and diversity occurred in more fertile soil habitats in high altitude natural grassland community. In practice, fertilization management for the restoration of degraded grassland should be conducted with reference to the nutrient levels ofnatural grassland without the additional artificial fertilizer and with higher species-diversity and richness index.

生态学原理在现代畜牧业建设中的应用

生态学这一概念自 186 9年由德国生物学家E·Haeckel首先提出后 ,迅速发展 ,现已成为自然科学、社会科学诸多领域的指导理论。现在各地都在进行生态环境建设和产业结构调整 ,畜牧业作为优先发展行业受到了特别的关注。将生态学理论指导现代畜牧业建设 ,使畜牧业走上可持续发展道路。本文就现代畜牧业中对生态学几个基本原理的应用进行了论述。

云南农业大学获准“973”项目

以云南农业大学校长朱有勇教授为首席科学家，并联合中国科学院相关院所、中国农科院相关院所、复旦大学、华南农业大学、中国农业大学、福建农林大学等单位共同申报的国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(国家科技部“973”计划)——《农业生物多样性控制病虫害和保护种质资源的原理与方法》通过专家评审，获准立项。这是迄今为止以云南农业大学为项目主持人申报国家项目获得立项的最高层次科研项目．标志着云南农业大学科研工作又上了一个新台阶。

活系统模型中的功能整体主义思想

贝尔(Stafford Beer)的活系统模型是系统功能整体主义的典型代表之一。从活系统模型建立时所使用的隐喻、类比和模型等系统方法,到活系统中五个功能子系统相互之间的联系和运行,再到活系统模型立足的两个基本原理,无不体现了功能主义的核心内涵,即整体性。活系统模型主要是在一般系统论和控制论的基础上建立起来的,它所使用的功能主义方法,主要来自一般系统论的功能主义。随着系统科学的发展,特别是到了自组织和复杂性科学阶段,功能主义方法论得到了丰富和发展,活系统模型的某些局限也需要进一步的完善。