多核生长对住宅发展的一种新探索

通过对建筑传统认识的反思,并结合结构主义相关理论,探索住宅建筑发展的方向。同时阐述了一套住宅方案的设计过程与成果,以展示在新思路下住宅设计的一种具体模式探索。

以碳纳米管为外加碳源爆轰合成聚晶金刚石

为研究碳纳米管在爆轰过程中的变化机理,采用直接爆轰法,以碳纳米管为外加碳源进行合成实验,对爆轰产物进行化学提纯后得到提纯产物,通过X射线衍射技术对提纯产物进行表征,发现提纯产物为金刚石。借助透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对提纯产物形貌进行表征,通过深入分析,发现爆轰过程中碳纳米管以固-固原位相变的形式相变为金刚石,且同一个碳纳米管上会形成多个晶核同时生长形成晶体,相邻的晶体接触后形成晶界,停止生长并形成聚晶体。根据形成的金刚石晶体的周向、径向、轴向尺寸的不同,以及形成聚晶体中晶体的数量与位置的不同,可以得到管状、片状、块状等形状各异的聚晶金刚石颗粒。

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 1 and intron 2 of Larimichthys crocea growth hormone gene are correlated with growth traits

The growth hormone gene (GH) affects animal growth and is a potential target for genetic studies of variation related to growth traits. In this study, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GH intron regions and their associations with growth traits in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, from Zhejiang and Fujian stocks. The results of PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism showed two haplotypes of intron 1, named AA and AB genotypes, in Zhejiang stock. AB exhibited an SNP at position 196 (G A) that was negatively correlated with body height and positively correlated with standard length/body height (P 0.05). Two different genotypes, CC and CD, were identified in intron 2 in Fujian stock, with CD showing an SNP at position 692 (T C). The CD genotype had a significantly positive correlation with both weight and total length (P 0.01). These basic data highlight the potential for using GH as a genetic marker of fish growth in marker assisted selection.

Genomic imbalances in esophageal carcinoma cell lines involve Wnt pathway genes

AIM： To identify molecular markers shared across South African esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC） cell lines using o/togenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） and single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） array copy number analysis. METHODS： We used conventional cytogenetics, FISH, and multicolor FISH to characterize the chromosomal rearrangements of five ESCC cell lines established in South Africa. The whole genome copy number profile was established from 250K SNP arrays, and data was analyzed with the CNAT 4.0 and GISTIC software. tions involved the following chromosomal regions and genes： 11q13.3 （CCND1, FGF3, FGF4, FGF19, MYEOV）, 8q24.21（C-MYC, FAM84B）, 11q22.1-q22.3 （B[RC2, BIRC3）, 5p15.2 （CTNND2）, 3qll.2-q12.2 （MINA） and 18p11.32 （TYMS, YES1）. The significant deletions included 1p31.2-p31.1 （CTH, GADD45a, DIRAS3）, 2q22.1 （LRPIB）, 3p12.1-p14.2 （FHIT）, 4q22.1-q32.1 （CASP6, SMAD1）, 8p23.2-q11.1 （BNIP3L） and 18q21.1-q21.2 （SMAD4, DCC）. The 3p11.2 translocation breakpoint was shared across four cell lines, supporting a role for genes involved at this site, in particular, the EPHA3 gene which has previously been reported to be deleted in ESCC.CONCLUSION： The finding that a significant number of genes that were amplified （FGF3, FGF4, FGF19, CCND1 and C-MYC） or deleted （SFRP2 gene） are involved in the Wnt and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways, suggests that these pathways may be activated in these cell lines.

Polymorphisms in the Myostatin-1 gene and their association with growth traits in Ancherythroculter nigrocauda

Myostatin （MSTN） is a member of the transforming growth factor-β gene superfamily that negatively regulates skeletal muscle development and growth. In the present study, partial genomic fragments of Myostatin-1 （MSTN-1） in two commercial hatchery populations of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda, an economically important freshwater fish, were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and then genotyped by direct sequencing of PCR products. Five SNPs were identified in intron 1 and exon 2, including a non-synonymous mutation causing an amino acid change （Val to Ile） at position 180. Association analyses based on 300 individuals revealed that the g. 1129T〉C SNP locus was significantly associated with total length （TL）, body length （BL）, body height （BH） and body weight （BW） in 6- and 18-month-old populations, while the g. 1289G〉A locus was significantly associated with BH and BW in the 6-month-old population. Haplotype analyses revealed that fish with the genotype combinations TC/TC or TC/GA showed better growth performance. Our results suggest that g.l129T〉C and g.1289G〉A have positive effects on growth traits and may be candidate gene markers for marker-assisted selection in A. nigrocauda.

Polymorphisms of the IGF1 gene and their association with growth traits, serum concentration and expression rate of IGF1 and IGF1R in buffalo

The insulin-like growth factor 1（IGF1） gene is a member of the group of somatotropin axis genes that play a significant role in cell proliferation and growth of muscles. Here, we searched for polymorphisms in buffalo IGF1 and found two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms（SNPs）, G64 A and G280A, in the noncoding sequences of exon 1 and exon 4, respectively. Statistical analysis of different genotypes showed that the individuals with GG genotypes had significantly（P〈0.05） higher body weight（BW） and average daily gain（ADG） than those with other genotypes at ages of 3–6 months in G64A SNP and 6–9 months in G280A SNP. The combined genotypes of these two SNPs produced three haplotypes, GG/GG, AG/AG, and AA/AA, which were significantly associated（P〈0.0001） with BW and ADG at an age from 3 to 12 months. Buffaloes with the homozygous GG/GG haplotype showed higher growth performance than other buffaloes. The two SNPs were correlated with m RNA levels of IGF1 and IGF1 receptor（IGF1 R） in semitendinosus muscle as well as with the serum concentration level of IGF1. Also, buffaloes with GG/GG haplotype showed higher m RNA and serum concentration levels. The data revealed that these two SNPs could be valuable genetic markers for selection of Egyptian buffaloes for better performance in the population.