由于电感储能型脉冲源单模块的能级受限,无法达到电磁发射的能量要求,需进行多模块协同工作的研究。而电感型脉冲源元件参数众多,工作过程复杂,且多模块运行中存在串扰,给系统设计带来很大的挑战。该文基于Meat Grinder with SECT电路,...由于电感储能型脉冲源单模块的能级受限,无法达到电磁发射的能量要求,需进行多模块协同工作的研究。而电感型脉冲源元件参数众多,工作过程复杂,且多模块运行中存在串扰,给系统设计带来很大的挑战。该文基于Meat Grinder with SECT电路,探究了多模块电感型脉冲源的工作过程,经过磁路和电路的等效处理之后,将多模块系统的运行简化为单模块问题。基于此,建立了详细的多模块脉冲源系统的解算方法,可以利用最底层的几何和电气参数,计算出脉冲源系统的性能指标。使用遗传算法对系统参数进行大规模优化,得到储能密度最高的多模块电感型脉冲源系统的参数,使用8个分立的脉冲源模块,并联、同步为负载放电,可以实现4.58MJ/m3的储能密度和158kA的电流输出。展开更多
The implementation of multiple enzymes for chemical production in a cell‐free scenario is an emerging field in biomanufacturing.It enables the redesign and reconstitution of new enzymatic routes for producing chemica...The implementation of multiple enzymes for chemical production in a cell‐free scenario is an emerging field in biomanufacturing.It enables the redesign and reconstitution of new enzymatic routes for producing chemicals that may be hard to obtain from natural pathways.Although the construction of a cell‐free multienzyme system is highly flexible and adaptable,it is challenging to make all enzymatic reactions act in concert.Recently,modular construction has been conceptual‐ized as an effective way to harmonize diverse enzymatic reactions.In this review,we introduce the concept of a multienzyme module and exemplify representative modules found in Nature.We then categorize recent developments of synthetic multienzyme modules into main‐reaction modules and auxiliary modules according to their roles in reaction routes.We highlight four main‐reaction mod‐ules that can perform carbon metabolism,carbon assimilation,protein glycosylation and nonribo‐somal peptide synthesis,and exemplify auxiliary modules used for energy supply,protection and reinforcement for main reactions.The reactor‐level modularization of multienzyme catalysis is also discussed.展开更多
A single-phase modular multilevel inverter based photovoltaic system for grid connection is proposed. This photovoltaic system utilizes two conversion stages： a boost converter for tracking the maximum power point an...A single-phase modular multilevel inverter based photovoltaic system for grid connection is proposed. This photovoltaic system utilizes two conversion stages： a boost converter for tracking the maximum power point and a modular multilevel inverter used as an interfacing unit. The maximum power point tracking is achieved with a fuzzy logic controller, and the modular multilevel inverter regulates the DC link voltage and synchronizes the grid voltage and current in order to achieve unity power factor operation. The proposed system provides high dynamic performance and power quality injected into the grid. The validity of the proposed system is confirmed by simulations.展开更多
Given a suitable ordering of the positive root system associated with a semisimple Lie algebra,there exists a natural correspondence between Verma modules and related polynomial algebras. With this, the Lie algebra ac...Given a suitable ordering of the positive root system associated with a semisimple Lie algebra,there exists a natural correspondence between Verma modules and related polynomial algebras. With this, the Lie algebra action on a Verma module can be interpreted as a differential operator action on polynomials, and thus on the corresponding truncated formal power series. We prove that the space of truncated formal power series gives a differential-operator representation of the Weyl group W. We also introduce a system of partial differential equations to investigate singular vectors in the Verma module. It is shown that the solution space of the system in the space of truncated formal power series is the span of {w(1) | w ∈ W }. Those w(1) that are polynomials correspond to singular vectors in the Verma module. This elementary approach by partial differential equations also gives a new proof of the well-known BGG-Verma theorem.展开更多
文摘由于电感储能型脉冲源单模块的能级受限,无法达到电磁发射的能量要求,需进行多模块协同工作的研究。而电感型脉冲源元件参数众多,工作过程复杂,且多模块运行中存在串扰,给系统设计带来很大的挑战。该文基于Meat Grinder with SECT电路,探究了多模块电感型脉冲源的工作过程,经过磁路和电路的等效处理之后,将多模块系统的运行简化为单模块问题。基于此,建立了详细的多模块脉冲源系统的解算方法,可以利用最底层的几何和电气参数,计算出脉冲源系统的性能指标。使用遗传算法对系统参数进行大规模优化,得到储能密度最高的多模块电感型脉冲源系统的参数,使用8个分立的脉冲源模块,并联、同步为负载放电,可以实现4.58MJ/m3的储能密度和158kA的电流输出。
文摘The implementation of multiple enzymes for chemical production in a cell‐free scenario is an emerging field in biomanufacturing.It enables the redesign and reconstitution of new enzymatic routes for producing chemicals that may be hard to obtain from natural pathways.Although the construction of a cell‐free multienzyme system is highly flexible and adaptable,it is challenging to make all enzymatic reactions act in concert.Recently,modular construction has been conceptual‐ized as an effective way to harmonize diverse enzymatic reactions.In this review,we introduce the concept of a multienzyme module and exemplify representative modules found in Nature.We then categorize recent developments of synthetic multienzyme modules into main‐reaction modules and auxiliary modules according to their roles in reaction routes.We highlight four main‐reaction mod‐ules that can perform carbon metabolism,carbon assimilation,protein glycosylation and nonribo‐somal peptide synthesis,and exemplify auxiliary modules used for energy supply,protection and reinforcement for main reactions.The reactor‐level modularization of multienzyme catalysis is also discussed.
文摘A single-phase modular multilevel inverter based photovoltaic system for grid connection is proposed. This photovoltaic system utilizes two conversion stages： a boost converter for tracking the maximum power point and a modular multilevel inverter used as an interfacing unit. The maximum power point tracking is achieved with a fuzzy logic controller, and the modular multilevel inverter regulates the DC link voltage and synchronizes the grid voltage and current in order to achieve unity power factor operation. The proposed system provides high dynamic performance and power quality injected into the grid. The validity of the proposed system is confirmed by simulations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11326059)
文摘Given a suitable ordering of the positive root system associated with a semisimple Lie algebra,there exists a natural correspondence between Verma modules and related polynomial algebras. With this, the Lie algebra action on a Verma module can be interpreted as a differential operator action on polynomials, and thus on the corresponding truncated formal power series. We prove that the space of truncated formal power series gives a differential-operator representation of the Weyl group W. We also introduce a system of partial differential equations to investigate singular vectors in the Verma module. It is shown that the solution space of the system in the space of truncated formal power series is the span of {w(1) | w ∈ W }. Those w(1) that are polynomials correspond to singular vectors in the Verma module. This elementary approach by partial differential equations also gives a new proof of the well-known BGG-Verma theorem.
