重庆市儿童青少年多次伤害发生现状及影响因素

目的 了解重庆市儿童青少年多次伤害发生现状及影响因素,为开展儿童青少年多次伤害预防控制提供建议。方法2019年,采取分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取重庆市4~12年级在校学生进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括人口学特征、父母亲年龄、父母亲文化程度、父母亲健康状况、父母亲关系、教育方式、伤害相关的行为等内容。采用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,不同人群多次伤害发生率的比较采用χ^(2)检验,多次伤害发生情况影响因素采用多因素logistic回归分析进行鉴别。结果共计调查14 056位学生,男生与女生分别调查6 954人(49.47%)与7 102人(50.53%),小学、初中、高中分别调查了4 939人(35.14%)、4 360人(31.02%)与4 757人(33.84%)。参与调查的儿童青少年中,有750人在过去6个月发生过伤害,伤害发生率为5.34%,其中246人发生过2次及以上伤害,多次伤害发生率为1.75%。多因素logistic回归分析结果提示:少数民族(OR=3.006,95%CI:2.315~3.903)、母亲健康状况一般(OR=1.542,95%CI:1.169~2.033)和患有慢性病(OR=1.951,95%CI:1.240~3.068)、过去12个月里去过6次及以上没有安全措施的地方游泳(OR=2.657,95%CI:1.537~4.592)、过去12个月里与他人(1人或多人)动手打架1次(OR=1.789,95%CI:1.204~2.658)或2次及以上(OR=1.602,95%CI:1.121~2.290)、过去12个月里曾经想过(OR=1.823,95%CI:1.335~2.487)或尝试过离家出走(OR=3.042,95%CI:1.886~4.906)是调查对象多次伤害发生的影响因素。结论 重庆市儿童青少年多次伤害发生率较低,母亲健康状况、有不安全的行为等是儿童多次伤害发生率的影响因素,应针对多次伤害发生的影响因素进行干预。

故意伤害罪若干争议问题探讨

故意伤害罪之伤害故意特指对造成轻伤、重伤后果所持有的态度,而不是泛指对任何损害他人健康结果所持的态度;故意轻伤未遂不成立犯罪、故意重伤未遂适用伤害致人轻伤的法定刑;不能确定何人的行为造成伤害的后果时,对于同时犯,应适用伤害未遂理论;多次伤害的,应认定为同种数罪,再根据适用刑罚的实际效果为标准确定是数罪并罚还是一罪从重处理。

Japanese herbal medicine, Saiko-keishi-to, prevents gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in rats via nitric oxide

AIM:To determine whether Saiko-keishi-to(TJ-10),a Japanese herbal medicine,could protect liver injury induced by gut ischemia/reperfusion(I/R),and to investigate the role of NO. METHODS:Male Wistar rats were exposed to 30-min gut isohemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion.Intravital microscopy was used to monitor leukocyte recruitment.Plasma tumor necrosis factor(TNF)levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)activities were measured.TJ-10 1 g/(kg.d)was intragastrically administered to rats for 7 d.A NO synthase inhibitor was administered. RESULTS:In control rats,gut I/R elicited increases in the number of stationary leukocytes,and plasma TNF levels and ALT activities were mitigated by pretreatment with TJ-10.Pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor diminished the protective effects of TJ-10 on leukostasis in the liver,and the increase of plasma TNF levels and ALT activities.Pretreatment with TJ-10 increased plasma nitrite/nitrate levels. CONCLUSION:TJ-10 attenuates the gut I/R-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction and sequential hepatocellular injury via enhancement of NO production.