目的:利用瞬时弹性成像技术(Fibro Scan)对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏及脾脏硬度的测量,评估其对乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张反复多次破裂出血的预测价值.方法:170例明确诊断为乙型肝炎肝硬化患者(其中未出血组110例,单次食管静脉曲张破裂...目的:利用瞬时弹性成像技术(Fibro Scan)对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏及脾脏硬度的测量,评估其对乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张反复多次破裂出血的预测价值.方法:170例明确诊断为乙型肝炎肝硬化患者(其中未出血组110例,单次食管静脉曲张破裂出血组21例,多次出血组39例)检测血常规、凝血常规、肝功能、腹部彩超、电子胃镜及进行Fibro Scan检查测量肝脏与脾脏硬度.结果:170例患者根据Child-Pugh分级标准分为A、B、C三级,Child A级患者的肝硬度及脾硬度值为6.12 kpa±2.31 kpa、20.94 kpa±7.92 k p a,C h i l d B级患者的肝硬度及脾硬度值分别为19.00 kpa±4.58 kpa、41.00 kpa±14.77 kpa,Child C级组的肝硬度值及脾硬度值为33.00 kpa±9.76 kpa、51.33 kpa±16.28k p a,表明C h i l d-P u g h分级越高,肝硬度及脾硬度值越高(P<0.05).结合电子胃镜的检查结果,无食管静脉曲张表现的患者,其肝硬度值、脾硬度值为14.36 kpa±12.68 kpa、18.78 k p a±9.96 k p a;有轻度食管静脉曲张表现患者的肝硬度、脾硬度值为13.81 kpa±6.63 kpa、27.53 kpa±7.85 kpa;中度食管静脉曲张患者的肝硬度、脾硬度值别为22.72kpa±14.96 kpa、47.28 kpa±9.23 kpa;重度食管静脉曲张组的肝硬度值、脾硬度值为28.75 kpa±19.26 kpa、71.43 kpa±5.93 kpa.结合患者病史,食管静脉曲张反复多次破裂出血患者肝硬度值及脾硬度值分别为29.20kpa±12.07 kpa、70.40 kpa±16.19 kpa均高于单次出血患者的24.60 kpa±10.78 kpa、65.12 kpa±9.38 kpa,明显高于未出血组患者的18.67 kpa±14.23 kpa、31.59 kpa±15.69k p a(P<0.05).根据绘制的R O C曲线可知,反复多次出血组患者的肝硬度最佳界值为31.3k p a,曲线下面积为0.857,特异度为74%,敏感度为83%,脾硬度最佳界值为68.5 kpa,曲线下面积为0.928,特异度为85%,敏感度为94%.结论:应用瞬时弹性成像技术检测肝脏硬度、脾脏硬度对高危乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张反复多次破裂出血的有很好的预测价值.展开更多
We investigate an adaptive cooperative protocol in a Two-Hop-Relay (THR) wireless system that combines the following: (1) adaptive relaying based on repetition coding; (2) single or two transmit antennas and one recei...We investigate an adaptive cooperative protocol in a Two-Hop-Relay (THR) wireless system that combines the following: (1) adaptive relaying based on repetition coding; (2) single or two transmit antennas and one receive antenna configurations for all nodes, each using high order constellation; (3) Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM). We focus on a simple decoded relaying (i.e. no error correcting at a relay node) and simple signal quality thresholds for relaying. Then the impact of the two simple thresholds on the system performance is studied. Our results suggest that compared with the traditional scheme for direct transmission, the proposed scheme can increase average throughput in high spectral efficiency region with low implementa-tion-cost at the relay.展开更多
文摘目的:利用瞬时弹性成像技术(Fibro Scan)对乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝脏及脾脏硬度的测量,评估其对乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张反复多次破裂出血的预测价值.方法:170例明确诊断为乙型肝炎肝硬化患者(其中未出血组110例,单次食管静脉曲张破裂出血组21例,多次出血组39例)检测血常规、凝血常规、肝功能、腹部彩超、电子胃镜及进行Fibro Scan检查测量肝脏与脾脏硬度.结果:170例患者根据Child-Pugh分级标准分为A、B、C三级,Child A级患者的肝硬度及脾硬度值为6.12 kpa±2.31 kpa、20.94 kpa±7.92 k p a,C h i l d B级患者的肝硬度及脾硬度值分别为19.00 kpa±4.58 kpa、41.00 kpa±14.77 kpa,Child C级组的肝硬度值及脾硬度值为33.00 kpa±9.76 kpa、51.33 kpa±16.28k p a,表明C h i l d-P u g h分级越高,肝硬度及脾硬度值越高(P<0.05).结合电子胃镜的检查结果,无食管静脉曲张表现的患者,其肝硬度值、脾硬度值为14.36 kpa±12.68 kpa、18.78 k p a±9.96 k p a;有轻度食管静脉曲张表现患者的肝硬度、脾硬度值为13.81 kpa±6.63 kpa、27.53 kpa±7.85 kpa;中度食管静脉曲张患者的肝硬度、脾硬度值别为22.72kpa±14.96 kpa、47.28 kpa±9.23 kpa;重度食管静脉曲张组的肝硬度值、脾硬度值为28.75 kpa±19.26 kpa、71.43 kpa±5.93 kpa.结合患者病史,食管静脉曲张反复多次破裂出血患者肝硬度值及脾硬度值分别为29.20kpa±12.07 kpa、70.40 kpa±16.19 kpa均高于单次出血患者的24.60 kpa±10.78 kpa、65.12 kpa±9.38 kpa,明显高于未出血组患者的18.67 kpa±14.23 kpa、31.59 kpa±15.69k p a(P<0.05).根据绘制的R O C曲线可知,反复多次出血组患者的肝硬度最佳界值为31.3k p a,曲线下面积为0.857,特异度为74%,敏感度为83%,脾硬度最佳界值为68.5 kpa,曲线下面积为0.928,特异度为85%,敏感度为94%.结论:应用瞬时弹性成像技术检测肝脏硬度、脾脏硬度对高危乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张反复多次破裂出血的有很好的预测价值.
文摘目的探讨蒙古长爪沙鼠(Mongolian gerbil)颌下静脉丛真空采血的技术与方法,提高蒙古长爪沙鼠实验的成功率。方法选取40只蒙古长爪沙鼠,麻醉后将静脉输液针刺入颌下静脉丛血管取血。结果成功获得沙鼠静脉血,每只沙鼠的采血量可达0.3-0.6 m L。结论此方法可多次重复采血,血液标本质量高,创伤小,是一种简便、安全、采血量多的采血方法。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60496311) and partially supported by the B3G project (2003AA123310).
文摘We investigate an adaptive cooperative protocol in a Two-Hop-Relay (THR) wireless system that combines the following: (1) adaptive relaying based on repetition coding; (2) single or two transmit antennas and one receive antenna configurations for all nodes, each using high order constellation; (3) Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM). We focus on a simple decoded relaying (i.e. no error correcting at a relay node) and simple signal quality thresholds for relaying. Then the impact of the two simple thresholds on the system performance is studied. Our results suggest that compared with the traditional scheme for direct transmission, the proposed scheme can increase average throughput in high spectral efficiency region with low implementa-tion-cost at the relay.
