利用τ—p变换技术实现多波波场分离

通过研究多波地震资料空间三个分量的波场特征及在τ—ｐ域的特性，采用τ—ｐ变换技术，编制了波场分离程序；选取适当的空间和时间τ—ｐ参数，对模型和实际多波地震资料进行波场分离，取得了满意的效果。

多波波场分离方法研究

多波地震勘探中,由于记录下的数据并不是纯P波和纯P-SV波数据,因此,对地震波场进行分离是地震数据后续处理的一个必要环节。本文从多波检波器接收的特点为出发点,对P波和P-SV波的动力学特征进行研究,最后通过分解分量的方法在F-K域进行波场分离。通过对合成地震记录资料的处理,取得了非常好的效果,也证明了该方法的可行性与有效性。

最短路径算法下三维层状介质中多次波追踪

本文使用改进后的最短路径算法(MSPM)结合分区多步计算技术实现了三维复杂层状起伏介质中的多次透射、反射及转换波波前传播的数值模拟,以及相应走时和射线路径的跟踪计算.其原理是将三维复杂层状模型按速度界面分成若干个独立的计算区域,采用分步计算技术进行多次波的跟踪计算.基于多次波是通过速度界而简单的人射、透射、反射及转换波按一定规律及原理的不同组合,因此可实施分区多步计算技术.数值模拟实例及误差分析表明分区多步计算技术具有单步最短路径算法中的诸多优点:算法简单、数值计算稳健、计算精度高、速度快及全球解等,因此是解决多次波跟踪计算行之有效的方法.

最短路径算法下二维层状介质中多次波追踪

在改进后的最短路径算法(MSPM)中引入分区多步计算技术实现了二维层状起伏介质中的多次透射、反射及转换波波前传播的数值模拟,以及相应的走时和射线路径的跟踪计算.其原理是将二维复杂层状模型按速度界面分成若干个独立的计算区域,采用分步计算技术进行多次波的跟踪计算.基于多次波是通过速度界面的简单入射、透射、反射及转换波按一定规律的不同组合,因此可实施分区多步计算技术.通过某一上、下层界面的透射(或透射转换)波实际上是由上层得到的下行波加上由该界面透射的下行波组成,若为转换波则使用不同的速度模型;而经过某一界面的反射(或反射转换)波实际上是由某层内计算得到的下行(或上行)波再加上由该界面反射的上行(或下行)波组成.这样即可得到分区独立计算,并通过速度界面分步连接达到跟踪多次波的目的.计算结果表明MSPM算法下的分区多步计算技术具有单步SPM算法中的诸多优点,即:算法简单、数值计算稳键、计算精度高、速度快及全球解等,因而是解决多次波跟踪计算行之有效的方法.

多小波图像编码中前置滤波器的设计

本文研究多小波图像编码中前置滤波器的设计。多小波变换涉及矢量滤波，普通的标量信号要通过一个前置滤波器转化为矢量信号，才能进行多小波变换。本文根据图像信号的特点，结合现有的二种前置滤波器，提出了一种新的前置滤波方法。实验数据表明，这种新的前置滤波器优于现有的二种前置滤波器，因而为提高图像压缩比例创造了条件。

Ocean-bottom cable data multiple suppression based on equipoise pseudo-multichannel matching filter

The effect of strong reflection interfaces, such as free surface, seabed, is strong; thus, the coupling of multiples and waves reduces the quality of ocean-bottom cable seismic data. Using the different polarity response of hydrophones and geophones to downgoing wave fields, dual-sensor summation can eliminate receiver-side multiples, enhance primaries, and improve the resolution of seismic data. We present a dual-sensor summation method based on the equipoise pseudo-multichannel adaptive matching filter. Compared with traditional methods, the proposed method is totally data driven and does not depend on the reflection coefficient; moreover, good results are obtained using synthetic and real data.

Hybrid particle filtering algorithm for GPS multipath mitigation

An altemative algorithm for mitigating GPS multipath was presented by integrating unscented Kalman filter （UKF） and wavelet transform with particle filter. Within consideration of particle degeneracy, UKF was taken for drawing particle. To remove the noise from raw data and data processing error, adaptive wavelet filtering with threshold was adopted while data preprocessing and drawing particle. Three algorithms, named EKF-PF, UKF-PF and WM-UKF-PF, were performed for comparison. The proposed WM-UKF-PF algorithm gives better error minimization, and significantly improves performance of multipath mitigation in terms of SNR and coefficient even though it has computation complexity. It is of significance for high-accuracy positioning and non-stationary deformation analysis.

Elastic envelope inversion using multicomponent seismic data with filtered-out low frequencies

The absence of low-frequency information in seismic data is one of the most difficult problems in elastic full waveform inversion. Without low-frequency data, it is difficult to recover the long-wavelength components of subsurface models and the inversion converges to local minima. To solve this problem, the elastic envelope inversion method is introduced. Based on the elastic envelope operator that is capable of retrieving low- frequency signals hidden in multicomponent data, the proposed method uses the envelope of multicomponent seismic signals to construct a misfit function and then recover the long- wavelength components of the subsurface model. Numerical tests verify that the elastic envelope method reduces the inversion nonlinearity and provides better starting models for the subsequent conventional elastic full waveform inversion and elastic depth migration, even when low frequencies are missing in multicomponent data and the starting model is far from the true model. Numerical tests also suggest that the proposed method is more effective in reconstructing the long-wavelength components of the S-wave velocity model. The inversion of synthetic data based on the Marmousi-2 model shows that the resolution of conventional elastic full waveform inversion improves after using the starting model obtained using the elastic envelope method. Finally, the limitations of the elastic envelope inversion method are discussed.

Modified Holographic Exposure to Fabricate Varied Bragg Grating in an Identical Chip

A new fabricating method is demonstrated to realize two different Bragg gratings in an identical chip using traditional holographic exposure. Polyimide is used to protect one Bragg grating during the first period. The technical process of this method is as simple as that of standard holographic exposure.

Tunable photonic microwave generated by multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser

Aimed at the problem of narrow tunability and low frequency microwave signal generated by the optical method,a novel approach to stabilizing the tunable photonic microwave generated by the multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser is proposed and is experimentally demonstrated.A singlelongitudinal-mode Brillouin fiber laser is designed,and by using the laser,a multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser with more than eleven orders of Stokes wave is observed.The wavelength spacing of the adjacent Stokes wave is 0.085 nm.If the Brillouin pump power is increased,the number of Stokes wave output can be further increased.The tunable microwave signals of 10.8 and 21.6 GHz are obtained by heterodyning the Rayleigh wave and Stokes wave of the multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser.In the experiment,by tuning the pump wavelength and temperature of the gain fiber,microwave signals at different frequencies are generated.The tunable frequency range can be further expanded by using a temperature controller with a wider adjustment range,and the generated microwave signal exhibits high stability on frequency.

Detection optimization for resonance region radar with dense multi-carrier waveform

Unlike the existing resonance region radar systems （RRRS ） that transmit the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM）multi-carrier waveform,the dense multi-carrier （DMC）radar waveform which has a narrower frequency interval than the traditional OFDM waveform is proposed.Therefore,in the same frequency bandwidth,the DMC waveform contains more sub-carriers and provides more frequency diversity.Additionally,to further improve detection performance,a novel optimal weight accumulation target detection （OWATD）method is proposed,where the echo electromagnetic waves at different frequencies are accumulated with the optimal weight coefficients.Then,with the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）of echo waveform approaching infinity,the asymptotic detection performance is analyzed, and the condition that the OWATD method with the DMC outperforms the matched filter with the OFDM is presented.Simulation results show that the DMC outperforms the OFDM in the target detection performance,and the OWATD method can further improve the detection performance of the traditional methods with both the OFDM and DMC radar waveform.

Performance analysis of complex wavelet packet based multicarrier CDMA system over Nakagami-m fading channels

On the basis of analyzing the principle of multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), an optimized complex wavelet packet based MC-CDMA system (CWP-MC-CDMA) is proposed. The system performances with equal gain combining (EGC) technique and maximum ratio combining (MRC) technique in Nakagami-m fading channels are investigated, respectively; and the corresponding bit error rate (BER) expression is derived. The system can overcome the decrease of spectrum efficiency of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based conventional MC-CDMA (DFT-MC-CDMA) due to inserting a cyclic prefix (CP). Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the CWP-MC-CDMA system outperforms DFT-MC-CDMA as well as the real wavelet packet based MC-CDMA (RWP-MC-CDMA) system, and has superior ability to combat multi-path fading and multi-access interference (MAI). Moreover, the BER performance of the proposed system is also superior to that of the conventional MC-CDMA with CP.

Multiple Kalman filters model with shaping filter GPS real-time deformation analysis

In order to detect the deformation in real-time of the GPS time series and improve its reliability, the multiple Kalman filters model with shaping filter was proposed. Two problems were solved: firstly, because the GPS real-time deformation series with a high sampling rate contain coloured noise, the multiple Kalman filter model requires the white noise, and the multiple Kalman filters model is augmented by a shaping filter in order to reduce the colored noise; secondly, the multiple Kalman filters model with shaping filter can detect the deformation epoch in real-time and improve the quality of GPS measurements for the real-time deformation applications. Based on the comparisons of the applications in different GPS time series with different models, the advantages of the proposed model were illustrated. The proposed model can reduce the colored noise, detect the smaller changes, and improve the precision of the detected deformation epoch.

Interpolation of near offset using surface-related multiples

In this research, we present a seismic trace interpolation method which uses seismic data with surface-related multiples. It is different from conventional seismic data interpolation using information transformation or extrapolation of adjacent channels for reconstruction of missing seismic data. In this method there are two steps, first, we construct pseudo-primaries by cross-correlation of surface multiple data to extract the missing near- offset information in multiples, which are not displayed in the acquired seismic record. Second, we correct the pseudo-primaries by applying a Least-squares Matching Filter （LMF） and RMS amplitude correction method in time and space sliding windows. Then the corrected pseudo-primaries can be used to fill the data gaps. The method is easy to implement, without the need to separate multiples and primaries. It extracts the seismic information contained by multiples for filling missing traces. The method is suitable for seismic data with surfacerelated multiples.

Performance of STBC-MC-CDMA system based on complex wavelet packet and turbo coding

On the basis of analyzing the principle of the space-time coding technique and the multi-carrier code division multiple access （MC-CDMA） technique, adopting the turbo codes as channel coding and the optimized complex wavelet packet as multi-carrier modulation, a novel space-time block coded the MC-CDMA system based on complex wavelet packet and turbo coding is proposed, and the system bit error rate （BER） performance in the Rayleigh fading channel is investigated. The system can make full use of space-time block codes＇ transmit diversity and turbo codes＇ good ability against fading channel to improve the BER performance significantly, and it can also avoid the decrease of spectrum efficiency of conventional MC-CDMA due to inserting cyclic prefix （CP） by utilizing superior characteristics of the optimized complex wavelet packet. Simulation results show that the proposed space-time block coded MC-CDMA system based on the complex wavelet packet performs better than the conventional space-time block coded MC-CDMA （STBC-MC-CDMA） system, and slightly outperforms the STBC-MC-CDMA with CP. Moreover, the application of the space-time block coding technique concatenated with turbo codes strengthens the system ability to combat various interferences in fading channel further.

Joint eigenvalue estimation by balanced simultaneous Schur decomposition

The problem of joint eigenvalue estimation for the non-defective commuting set of matrices A is addressed. A procedure revealing the joint eigenstructure by simultaneous diagonalization of. A with simultaneous Schur decomposition （SSD） and balance procedure alternately is proposed for performance considerations and also for overcoming the convergence difficulties of previous methods based only on simultaneous Schur form and unitary transformations, it is shown that the SSD procedure can be well incorporated with the balancing algorithm in a pingpong manner, i. e., each optimizes a cost function and at the same time serves as an acceleration procedure for the other. Under mild assumptions, the convergence of the two cost functions alternately optimized, i. e., the norm of A and the norm of the left-lower part of A is proved. Numerical experiments are conducted in a multi-dimensional harmonic retrieval application and suggest that the presented method converges considerably faster than the methods based on only unitary transformation for matrices which are not near to normality.

A 16bit 96kHz Chopper-Stabilized Sigma-Delta ADC

A 16bit sigma-delta audio analog-to-digital converter is developed.It consists of an analog modulator and a digital decimator.A standard 2-order single-loop architecture is employed in the modulator.Chopper stabilization is applied to the first integrator to eliminate the 1/f noise.A low-power,area-efficient decimator is used,which includes a poly-phase comb-filter and a wave-digital-filter.The converter achieves a 92dB dynamic range over the 96kHz audio band.This single chip occupies 2.68mm2 in a 0.18μm six-metal CMOS process and dissipates only 15.5mW power.

A SCHEME OF M-ARY MULTI-CARRIER SPREAD SPECTRUM BASED ON WAVELET PACKET

A novel scheme of M-ary multi-carrier spread spectrum based on wavelet packet is proposed. Its performance is investigated for a multipath, slow Rayteigh fading channel. The performance advantages of the system over that based on DFT are demonstrated by both analytical and simulation methods.

Design and Analysis of 4×4 Arrayed Waveguide Grating Multiplexer

The operation principle of an arrayed waveguide grating(AWG) multiplexer is introduced and the 4×4 AWG with following design parameters is discussed in detail, such as the choice of wavelength, the neighboring arrayed waveguide distance ΔL, the channel frequency interval Δf, and the free spectral range. The structure of 4×4 AWG is designed and the result of stimulated test is also given. Analysis shows that the 4×4 AWG is characterized by a wide dynamic range, low crosstalk, better spectrum properties, and a compact structure.

Fair subcarrier-power allocation scheme for multiuser multicarrier systems

The main objective of multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiple access(MU-OFDM) is to maximize the total system capacity in wireless communication systems. Thus, the problem in MU-OFDM system is the adaptive allocation of the resources(subcarriers, bits and power) to different users subject to several restrictions to maximize the total system capacity. In this work, a proposed subcarrier allocation algorithm was presented to assign the subcarriers with highest channel gain to the users. After the subcarrier allocation, subcarrier gain-based power allocation(SGPA) was employed for power and bit loading. The simulation results show that the proposed subcarrier-power allocation scheme can achieve high total system capacity and good fairness in allocating the resources to the users with slightly high computational complexity compared to the existing subcarrier allocation algorithms.