《多湾》中的女性:“地母”与“纸鸢”

周瑄璞的作品《多湾》讲述了一个大家庭的故事,以季瓷和西芳祖孙两个为主要人物,同时穿插众多女性的悲欢离合,描写她们在男权社会中的生存智慧与人格魅力。祖孙二人分别是“地母”与“纸鸢”这两种女性特质的化身,本文通过对人物形象的分析,来了解男权社会中这两种女性特质的形成。

家族小说的新突破——评周瑄璞小说《多湾》

家族小说是比较受读者欢迎的小说类型,容纳中国百年的重大事件,从中透露作家对历史和政治的理解、对个人命运的关注以及对中国现代化进程的独特感悟。家族小说同样是作家们喜欢的创作题材,优秀小说的独创性不会被轻易发现,而小说《多湾》作为家族小说,其在创作观念、主题内涵和写作方法上却存在着较大的创新和突破。

女性视角下的民间关怀——论周瑄璞的小说《多湾》

周瑄璞的长篇小说《多湾》,以作家熟悉的人和事为表现对象,关注民间世界,讲述民间女性的生活和命运,沉稳精细地展示出民间女性的丰富的精神世界。无论是女性视角下的民间女性,还是女性个体的民间史观,乃至都市女性的民间寻根,都体现了女性作家对民间世界真挚而深沉的社会关怀,显示出女性文学创作在思维向度和话语空间上的拓展。

“异数”《多湾》

长篇小说《多湾》是一部具有"异数"气质的作品,它重新继续了现实主义写作传统,宏大的历史线索伴随着一份日常而持久的生活。历史中的日常也是历史,日常中的历史也是日常。小说不再对"政治"和"革命"本身兴致勃勃,而注重考察在"政治"和"革命"中的人。它写人的持续性和日常性,人是主题,重大事件是生活客观进程的背景,这是对重大叙事的一种颠覆。《多湾》写家族史,并不设定家族文化的整体性,而是观察现实变迁中的生命个体的文化演变,用这些个体集合成整体,这也是对前辈作家写家族文化善于预设概念的一种打破。

小说《多湾》的女性意识探析

“女性意识”是一种以女性经验和女性视角为基点的对传统性别权力秩序和社会人生的认知和把握。周瑄璞的《多湾》曾获“中国女性文学奖”,小说从“所述故事”(内容)和“叙述话语”(形式)等不同的层面出发细腻地描述了女性身体与心灵的渴望及绽放,作者以女性视点讲述了以女性为主体的生存故事,显示了对女性生命和生存的关注和思考。

书写生生不息的大地,记录永不再来的时光——周瑄璞访谈录

周瑄璞长篇小说《多湾》插画/袁小真。西芳被石灰味呛得走出了陵园,来到颍河故道边,站在一排高大的白杨树下,隔着一条干河,看对面的麦田绿油油的,无边无际。麦田上,清晨的雾气还没有消散,缓缓地,丝丝缕缕地漂浮着,轻柔地抚摸着麦田。这麦田,这雾气,千百年来就这样生长,飘荡,见惯了人间种种变迁。

平原上盛开的女人花——论周瑄璞的长篇小说《多湾》

一作家的一生中,会有个别作品像是他们的'命里琴弦',必须拨响,哪怕千回百转、柳暗花明、指尖流血或生茧。在这个过程中,因着内心强大的自我驱动,作家会克服种种、不管不计地执意完成;而在这个过程后,作品与作家之间就是那种相互完成与照亮的关系,作家完成了作品,作品反过来也以自己的样子和命运,很大程度地成全着作家。我想,周瑄璞与《多湾》,就是这样的命运相连。

从生活抵达历史——评周瑄璞的《多湾》

'谁是贫农?谁是贫农?你才是贫农哩.'在土改工作会议上,章守信如是说。而后当工作组去章家做思想工作时,季瓷也这么说:'俺一家几辈喂牲口种地,起五更搭黄昏纺花织布,就是为的不想当贫农。''贫农'这个即将在新的历史阶段成为一种荣耀的政治身份的名词,被章家夫妇嗤之以鼻,视为污辱。周瑄璞在《多湾》中的这段叙述令人印象深刻,并非因为农民在政治上的'短见'而形成的喜剧效果.

我与《多湾》

夏天的时候,老同学约我写一篇评论《多湾》的稿子。直到漫天飞雪的冬天,这篇传说中的稿子还是没有动笔。这件事久悬心中,委实搁置不下。无论好坏,都得动手写了才好呢。一去经年。想当年,我是这本书最初的阅读者之一,而如果当时一切顺利,我还会是它的责编。但缘分就是这样。《多湾》后来在磨铁公司出版后,瑄璞老师带着它来郑州座谈,老同学带了她的话来,邀请我也参加。但竟记错了日子,还是错过了。缘分就是这样。

Concentrations,Accumulation and Sources of PAHs in Surface Layer Sediments of Taizhou Bay

The concentrations, accumulation and sources of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） had been studied or evaluated in the surface layer sediments of Taizhou Bay, China. It showed that the concentrations of PAHs ranged from 85.4 to 167.6 ng/g （averaged 138.62 ng/g）, and the highest level was found in Jiao Jiang Dock. Percentages of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 7.8 %, 42.1%, 33.3 %, 9.6 % and 7.2 % respectively. The accumulation indices of PAHs ranged from 532.7 to 1068.9 （averaged 807.5）, and the index of Phenanthrene was the highest （122.7）, while that of Benzo （a） Pyrene was the lowest （2.7） among them. In Taizhou Bay, PAHs in surface layer sediments came mainly from coal burning, partly from direct pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons.

A phylogeny of the Tylototriton asperrimus group (Caudata: Salamandridae) based on a mitochondrial study: suggestions for a taxonomic revision

A phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian newts of the Tylototriton asperrimus group was generated using data from two mitochondrial fragments including COI and the ND1-ND2 regions. Four distinct clades （A, B, C, D） were resolved with high nodal support within this monophyletic group. Clade A included T. asperrimus, T. hainanensis, T. notialis, ＂T. vietnamensis＂, and two unnamed salamander populations from Vietnam. Clade A, constituted the sister group of clades B ＋ C. Newly identified clade C likely represents a new cryptic species. Clade C was the sister group of T. wenxianensis. The true 7： vietnamensis exclusively constituted clade D. Our results bring into question some previous taxonomic decisions, and a revision is required. This study illustrates the necessity to include samples from type localities in taxonomic studies, and highlights the importance of fine-grained geographical sampling.

Spatio-seasonal patterns of fish diversity,Haizhou Bay,China

Spatial-seasonal patterns in fish diversity in Haizhou Bay were studied based on stratified random surveys conducted in 2011.Principal component analysis was conducted to distinguish different diversity components,and the relationships among 11 diversity indices were explored.Generalized additive models were constructed to examine the environmental effects on diversity indices.Eleven diversity indices were grouped into four components:(1) species numbers and richness,(2) heterogeneous indices,(3) evenness,and(4) taxonomic relatedness.The results show that diversity indices among different components are complementary.Spatial patterns show that fish diversity was higher in coastal areas,which was affected by complex bottom topography and spatial variations of water mass and currents.Seasonal trends could be best explained by the seasonal migration of dominant fish species.Fish diversity generally declined with increasing depth except for taxonomic distinctness,which increased with latitude.In addition,bottom temperature had a significant effect on diversity index of richness.These results indicate that substrate complexity and environmental gradients had important influences on fish diversity patterns,and these factors should be considered in fishery resource management and conservation.Furthermore,diversity in two functional groups(demersal/pelagic fishes) was influenced by different environmental factors.Therefore,the distribution of individual species or new indicators in diversity should be applied to examine spatio-seasonal variations in fish diversity.

Statistical Downscaling of IPCC Sea Surface Wind and Wind Energy Predictions for U.S. East Coastal Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea

A multivariate statistical downscaling method is developed to produce regional, high-resolution, coastal surface wind fields based on the IPCC global model predictions for the U.S. east coastal ocean, the Gulf of Mexico(GOM), and the Caribbean Sea. The statistical relationship is built upon linear regressions between the empirical orthogonal function(EOF) spaces of a cross- calibrated, multi-platform, multi-instrument ocean surface wind velocity dataset(predictand) and the global NCEP wind reanalysis(predictor) over a 10 year period from 2000 to 2009. The statistical relationship is validated before applications and its effectiveness is confirmed by the good agreement between downscaled wind fields based on the NCEP reanalysis and in-situ surface wind measured at 16 National Data Buoy Center(NDBC) buoys in the U.S. east coastal ocean and the GOM during 1992–1999. The predictand-predictor relationship is applied to IPCC GFDL model output(2.0?×2.5?) of downscaled coastal wind at 0.25?×0.25? resolution. The temporal and spatial variability of future predicted wind speeds and wind energy potential over the study region are further quantified. It is shown that wind speed and power would significantly be reduced in the high CO_2 climate scenario offshore of the mid-Atlantic and northeast U.S., with the speed falling to one quarter of its original value.

Diversity, Endemism and Conservation of Ferns(Polypodiales) in the Mexican Mountain Component

We analyzed the distributional patterns of95 selected species of leptosporangiate ferns inhabiting the Mexican Mountain Component, using grid-cells of one geographical degree as unit areas,applying endemism indices and richness and beta diversity analyses.Distributional data were obtained from several herbaria and specialized literature.Five grid-cells appear to be important for fern species richness, as they contain 35 to 49 species.These gridcells are located in the Sierra Madre Oriental(SMO),Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt(TMVB) and the Sierra Madre del Sur(SMS).Mean richness by latitudinal belts of one degree showed that the belts with highest values are related to the TMVB and SMS.A total of 13grid-cells were recognized as important from theperspective of endemism; most of them are located also in the SMO, TMVB and SMS.The richest gridcells coincided with one of the main centres of endemism for ferns obtained in this study, located in the convergence of the southern part of the SMO, the eastern portion of the TMVB and the northern part of the SMS, reflecting the high humidity existing on the mountain slopes facing the Gulf of Mexico.Some important grid-cells recognized from richness and endemism analyses coincide with Mexican Natural Protected Areas.The beta diversity analysis showed a low degree of similarity among grid-cells, implying a high species replacement, as the result of environmental heterogeneity occurring in the Mexican mountain systems.On the other hand, the spatial analysis suggested a pattern of phytogeographical regionalization comprising twomain areas: the Mexican Transition Zone and the Mexican Central Plateau.Ferns play an important role in the Mexican biodiversity and contributing to the beta diversity of Mexico.

Species Diversity and Abundance Distribution of Pelagic Siphonophores in Nan Wan Bay of Taiwan, China, in Late Autumn and Early Winter

Zooplankton surveys were carried out on November 2-3 and December 8-10, 2001 at 12 stations in the Nan Wan Bay of Taiwan, China. Altogether 92 quantitative zooplankton samples were collected from subsurface water and bottom water layers with two conical plankton nets （180 cm in length, 45 cm in opening diameter, 333μm and 200 larn in mesh size）. A total of 31 species of Siphonophores were identified, among them 7 species are new records in the waters around Taiwan Island, of which Rocacea cymbiformis is a new record in China. Dominated by Chelophyes appendiculata, Bassia bassensis, Diphyes bojani, Diphyes dispar, Abylopsis eschscholtzi and Chelophyes contorta, these species accounted for over 76 % and 63 % of the total abundance in November and December. The species number and Siphonophores abundance in December （25 species, 1.99 inds/m3） were more than those in November （19 species, 0.438 inds/m3）, and they were more in the surface water layer than in the bottom layer at most sampling stations. In early winter, the offshore high salinity water mass was a main factor influencing the distribution. The sampling efficiency for two plankton nets is discussed and the seasonal variation of species number and abundance in the Nan Wan Bay is compared with that in the neighboring waters.

Association between MDM2-SNP309 and hepatocellular carcinoma in Taiwan Residents population

AIM:To investigate the risk association and compare the onset age of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients in Taiwan with different genotypes of MDM2- SNP309. METHODS:We analyzed MDM2-SNP309 genotypes from 58 patients with HCC and 138 cancer-free healthy controls consecutively.Genotyping of MDM2-SNP309 was conducted by restriction fragment length polymor- phism assay. RESULTS:The proportion of homozygous MDM2- SNP309 genotype(G/G)in cases and cancer-free healthy controls was similar(17.2%vs 16.7%).Multi-variate analysis showed that the risk of G/G genotypeof MDM2-SNP309 vs wild-type T/T genotype in patients with HCC was not significant(OR=1.265,95% CI=0.074-21.77)after adjustment for sex,hepatitis B or C virus infection,age,and cardiovascular disease/ diabetes.Nevertheless,there was a trend that GG genotype of MDM2-SNP309 might increase the risk in HCC patients infected with hepatitis virus(OR=2.568, 95%CI=0.054-121.69).Besides,the homozygous MDM2-SNP309 genotype did not exhibit a significantly earlier age of onset for HCC. CONCLUSION:Current data suggest that the asso- ciation between MDM2-SNP309 GG genotype and HCC is not significant,while the risk may be enhanced in patients infected by hepatitis virus in Taiwan.

Taxonomic Distinctness of Macrofauna as an Ecological Indicator in Laizhou Bay and Adjacent Waters

In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.

A Great Citizen Is Still ＂Under-Construction＂： The Conflicting Self-Identity in Sayonara 1945

Sayonara 1945, performed by Golden Bough Theatre in 2010 in Taipei, was claimed to be a ＂Heart Taiwan Magical Musical＂. This ＂Heart Taiwan Magical Musical＂ is actually an adaptation ofTaiwan Residents Opela, a reformed and adapted style of Taiwan Residents local opera （gezaixi）, which has been strongly influenced by Japanese Colonization. Sayanara 1945 fictionalizes a troop of Taiwan Residents youths who join the Imperial Army being lied and cheated to dig gold for the Japanese Emperor after the war is over. This play gives a conflicting scenario of being Taiwan Residents in 1945, while everything that defined Taiwan Residents suddenly turned out to be treason to the country. By adapting the form of Opela, the play structurally presents a society where diverse and plural cultural elements counteract each other in Taiwan. Furthermore, as the title suggests, the play says Sayonara （＂Goodbye＂ in Japanese） to 1945, yet the confusion and conflict generated in 1945 still haunt Taiwan Residents society. In other words, the play responds to an on-going self-conflict of being Taiwan Residents that still continues even after the war and unto the present symbolically. Presented in the year before ＂the Republic of China＂ celebrated her hundredth birthday, this play portrays the anxiety about who the Taiwan Residents really are over the island, just like in the summer of 1945 when everything was also uncertain and confusing. This paper intends to discuss, by adopting the form and techniques of Opela, how this reformed Opela speaks for Taiwan Residents local arts and culture, and how the Taiwan Residents identity is framed and shaped ever since the colonization era.

Pollution of HCHs,DDTs and PCBs in tidal flat of Hangzhou Bay 2009–2013

The concentration and distribution of three persistent organic pollutants （hexachlorocyclohexanes （HCHs）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes （DDTs） and polyehlorinated biphenyls （PCBs）） was assessed in tidal fiat sediments collected from the south bank of Hangzhou Bay, China from 2009 to 2013. Gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS） was used for analysis, based on United States Environmental Protection Agency methods EPAS080A, EPA8081B, and EPA3550B. The results showed that the levels of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs decreased in the order of DDTs 〉 HCHs 〉 PCBs, and their mass fractions ranged from 0.29-32.91, 0.09-13.19 and 0.16-4.10 ktg/kg （dry mass）, respectively. The levels of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs decreased slowly from 2009 to 2013, with considerably greater concentrations in winter than in spring and summer. In this study area, the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs decreased gradually towards the mouth of Hangzhou Bay, while the concentrations of PCBs were related to changes in the local economy. In addition, the sources of HCHs and DDTs were identified as atmospheric precipitation and historical residues, Finally, we predicted that PCBs pollution primarily originated from Aroclor 1254（Lot A4）, which might root in the illegal demolition and stacking of abandoned paint, transformer or electronic equipment in the south bank of Hangzhou Bay.