The spatio-temporal patterns of macrofaunal fouling assemblages were quantitatively investigated in the nearshore waters of the South China Sea.The work was undertaken by deploying seasonal panels at two sites(H-site,...The spatio-temporal patterns of macrofaunal fouling assemblages were quantitatively investigated in the nearshore waters of the South China Sea.The work was undertaken by deploying seasonal panels at two sites(H-site,L-site) for one year,and the fouling communities on the panels were examined and analyzed.The results indicated that species composition of assemblages was obviously different between the two sites.At both sites the assemblages were characteristic with solitary dominant species throughout the year,with Amphibalanus reticulates dominating at H-site and Hydroides elegans at L-site.Shannon index and biomass of the assemblages varied with depth and season at both sites.At H-site the total biomass in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter,while at L-site the assemblage biomass also differed significantly among the four seasons,and the greatest biomass occurred at the depth of 2.0 m in winter.The abundance of all seasonal samples in non-metric multidimensional scaling was clustered as one group at L-site and three groups at H-site.The environmental factors were more likely to be related to the variation of fouling assemblages.Furthermore,it also suggests that in tropical seas the integrated adaptability would qualify a species for dominating a fouling assemblage despite its short life cycle,rather than the usually assumed only species with long life span.This study reveals the complexity and characteristic dynamics of macrofaunal fouling assemblages in the tropical habitats,and the results would provide valuable knowledge for biodiversity and antifouling research.展开更多
Objective:The lack of a simple criterion for gastric carcinoma creates a persistent challenge for clinicians trying to provide patients with useful prognostic information.The aim of this study was to identify baseline...Objective:The lack of a simple criterion for gastric carcinoma creates a persistent challenge for clinicians trying to provide patients with useful prognostic information.The aim of this study was to identify baseline prognostic factors,and use this information to establish a simple criterion to predict outcome in gastric carcinoma.Methods:Between 2005 and 2010, 155 patients with gastric carcinoma,were enrolled.Clinicopathologic prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:Of the 155 patients,48(30.9%)died.Three independent poor prognostic factors were identified by multivariate analysis:gross type>or=3(hazard ratio[HR],1.564;95%CI,1.067 to 2.294),peritoneal dissemination (HR,3.750;95%CI,1.760 to 7.989)and lymphatic duct invasion(HR,3.578;95%CI,1.422 to 9.004).One point was added for each category among three independent prognostic factors.Prognostic score(PS)was determined by an aggregate of these points for each category.There existed a significant difference between survival of patients with PS 0 or 1 and 2(P< 0.0001).Conclusion:Three poor prognostic factors were identified and a simple criteria was devised.Information from this analysis can be used to predict prognosis of gastric carcinoma with a strict stratification.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31660128,31360105 and 31160098)the Hainan University(Nos.kypd 1046 and Hdcxcyxm201715)
文摘The spatio-temporal patterns of macrofaunal fouling assemblages were quantitatively investigated in the nearshore waters of the South China Sea.The work was undertaken by deploying seasonal panels at two sites(H-site,L-site) for one year,and the fouling communities on the panels were examined and analyzed.The results indicated that species composition of assemblages was obviously different between the two sites.At both sites the assemblages were characteristic with solitary dominant species throughout the year,with Amphibalanus reticulates dominating at H-site and Hydroides elegans at L-site.Shannon index and biomass of the assemblages varied with depth and season at both sites.At H-site the total biomass in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter,while at L-site the assemblage biomass also differed significantly among the four seasons,and the greatest biomass occurred at the depth of 2.0 m in winter.The abundance of all seasonal samples in non-metric multidimensional scaling was clustered as one group at L-site and three groups at H-site.The environmental factors were more likely to be related to the variation of fouling assemblages.Furthermore,it also suggests that in tropical seas the integrated adaptability would qualify a species for dominating a fouling assemblage despite its short life cycle,rather than the usually assumed only species with long life span.This study reveals the complexity and characteristic dynamics of macrofaunal fouling assemblages in the tropical habitats,and the results would provide valuable knowledge for biodiversity and antifouling research.
文摘Objective:The lack of a simple criterion for gastric carcinoma creates a persistent challenge for clinicians trying to provide patients with useful prognostic information.The aim of this study was to identify baseline prognostic factors,and use this information to establish a simple criterion to predict outcome in gastric carcinoma.Methods:Between 2005 and 2010, 155 patients with gastric carcinoma,were enrolled.Clinicopathologic prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:Of the 155 patients,48(30.9%)died.Three independent poor prognostic factors were identified by multivariate analysis:gross type>or=3(hazard ratio[HR],1.564;95%CI,1.067 to 2.294),peritoneal dissemination (HR,3.750;95%CI,1.760 to 7.989)and lymphatic duct invasion(HR,3.578;95%CI,1.422 to 9.004).One point was added for each category among three independent prognostic factors.Prognostic score(PS)was determined by an aggregate of these points for each category.There existed a significant difference between survival of patients with PS 0 or 1 and 2(P< 0.0001).Conclusion:Three poor prognostic factors were identified and a simple criteria was devised.Information from this analysis can be used to predict prognosis of gastric carcinoma with a strict stratification.
