The Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis is an important species in marine fishery and aquaculture in China. A female Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis was captured from west coast of the ...The Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis is an important species in marine fishery and aquaculture in China. A female Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis was captured from west coast of the Korean peninsula and mated with a "Yellow Sea No. 1" male to produce the first filial generation (F1) 100 F2 full-sib progeny from brother-sister crosses between F1 families was used for the mapping study. A genetic linkage map of the Chinese shrimp was constructed, based on 354 markers, including 300 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 42 microsatellite (SSR) markers, and 12 randomly amplified polymorphism (RAPD) markers. Forty-seven linkage groups (LGs) were identified. The total map length was 4 580.5 cM, with an average spacing of 11.3 cM, covering 75.8% of the estimated genome size. The construction of this genetic linkage map was part of a genetic breeding program. This linkage map will contribute to the discovery of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Chinese shrimp.展开更多
A total 23 morphological traits, 19 AFLP-primer combinations, 80 RAPD primers and 32 SSR primer pair were used to compare the informativeness and efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragme...A total 23 morphological traits, 19 AFLP-primer combinations, 80 RAPD primers and 32 SSR primer pair were used to compare the informativeness and efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in establishing genetic relationships among 29 almond cultivars and three related wild species. SSRs presented a high level of polymorphism and greater information content, as assessed by the expected hetrozygosity, compared to AFLPs and RAPDs. The lowest values of expected hetrozygosity were obtained for AFLPs; however AFLPs showed the highest efficiency, owing to their capacity to reveal large numbers of bands per reaction, which led to high values for various types of indices of diversity. All the three techniques discriminated almond genotypes very effectively, except that SSRs failed to discriminate between ‘Monagha’ and ‘Sefied’ almond genotypes. The correlation coefficients of similarity were statistically significant for all the three marker systems, but were lower for the SSR data than for RAPDs and AFLPs. For all the markers, high similarity in dendrogram topologies was obtained, although some differences were observed. All the dendrograms, including that obtained by the combined use of all the marker data, reflect relationships for most of cultivars according to their geographic diffusion. AMOVA detected more variation among cultivated and related wild species of almond within each geographic group. Bootstrap analysis revealed that the number of markers used was sufficient for reliable estimation of genetic similarity and for meaningful comparisons of marker types.展开更多
Due to the widespread computer technology, it is difficult to imagine a research or a control of any physical object without using a powerful hardware and software applications. To use digital technologies we need to ...Due to the widespread computer technology, it is difficult to imagine a research or a control of any physical object without using a powerful hardware and software applications. To use digital technologies we need to collect data of a real world in digital system by the analog-to-digital converters. Taking into account the relative high computational capabilities of modern microcontrollers the article proposes a multirate processing system. The paper presents practical design aspects of the analog and digital anti-aliasing filter fbr the measurement path. having regarded the real possibilities and limitations of today＇s filters and analog-to-digital embedded converters.展开更多
This study is an advanced investigation for the cooling of high temperature turbine vanes and blades. The efficient heat exchanging near the surface of a blade may be achieved by forcing a cooling air flow emitting ou...This study is an advanced investigation for the cooling of high temperature turbine vanes and blades. The efficient heat exchanging near the surface of a blade may be achieved by forcing a cooling air flow emitting out of a thin layer of the porous metal which is pasted on the structural high strength metal. The contents include the consideration on the computational model of heat transfer through a layer of porous material, the concrete modeling and the analysis of the model, the numerical survey of key parameters for both the two-layer porous materials and the heat transfer fluid flow passing through the model channels. The results revealed that the constructed system is reasonable. Proposed an evaluation formula for the porous material heat transfer efficiency.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2006BAD01A13)National Special Research Fund for Nonprofit Sector(Agriculture)(No.nyhyzx07-042)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(No.nycytx-46)
文摘The Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis is an important species in marine fishery and aquaculture in China. A female Chinese shrimp Penaeus (Fenneropaeneus) chinensis was captured from west coast of the Korean peninsula and mated with a "Yellow Sea No. 1" male to produce the first filial generation (F1) 100 F2 full-sib progeny from brother-sister crosses between F1 families was used for the mapping study. A genetic linkage map of the Chinese shrimp was constructed, based on 354 markers, including 300 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, 42 microsatellite (SSR) markers, and 12 randomly amplified polymorphism (RAPD) markers. Forty-seven linkage groups (LGs) were identified. The total map length was 4 580.5 cM, with an average spacing of 11.3 cM, covering 75.8% of the estimated genome size. The construction of this genetic linkage map was part of a genetic breeding program. This linkage map will contribute to the discovery of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Chinese shrimp.
文摘A total 23 morphological traits, 19 AFLP-primer combinations, 80 RAPD primers and 32 SSR primer pair were used to compare the informativeness and efficiency of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in establishing genetic relationships among 29 almond cultivars and three related wild species. SSRs presented a high level of polymorphism and greater information content, as assessed by the expected hetrozygosity, compared to AFLPs and RAPDs. The lowest values of expected hetrozygosity were obtained for AFLPs; however AFLPs showed the highest efficiency, owing to their capacity to reveal large numbers of bands per reaction, which led to high values for various types of indices of diversity. All the three techniques discriminated almond genotypes very effectively, except that SSRs failed to discriminate between ‘Monagha’ and ‘Sefied’ almond genotypes. The correlation coefficients of similarity were statistically significant for all the three marker systems, but were lower for the SSR data than for RAPDs and AFLPs. For all the markers, high similarity in dendrogram topologies was obtained, although some differences were observed. All the dendrograms, including that obtained by the combined use of all the marker data, reflect relationships for most of cultivars according to their geographic diffusion. AMOVA detected more variation among cultivated and related wild species of almond within each geographic group. Bootstrap analysis revealed that the number of markers used was sufficient for reliable estimation of genetic similarity and for meaningful comparisons of marker types.
文摘Due to the widespread computer technology, it is difficult to imagine a research or a control of any physical object without using a powerful hardware and software applications. To use digital technologies we need to collect data of a real world in digital system by the analog-to-digital converters. Taking into account the relative high computational capabilities of modern microcontrollers the article proposes a multirate processing system. The paper presents practical design aspects of the analog and digital anti-aliasing filter fbr the measurement path. having regarded the real possibilities and limitations of today＇s filters and analog-to-digital embedded converters.
文摘This study is an advanced investigation for the cooling of high temperature turbine vanes and blades. The efficient heat exchanging near the surface of a blade may be achieved by forcing a cooling air flow emitting out of a thin layer of the porous metal which is pasted on the structural high strength metal. The contents include the consideration on the computational model of heat transfer through a layer of porous material, the concrete modeling and the analysis of the model, the numerical survey of key parameters for both the two-layer porous materials and the heat transfer fluid flow passing through the model channels. The results revealed that the constructed system is reasonable. Proposed an evaluation formula for the porous material heat transfer efficiency.
