Images of illness and disease, for example, cholera, consumption, rabies, rheumatism, fevers, alcoholism, hypochondria, hysteria, monomania, and madness, are present in all the seven novels written by the Bronte siste...Images of illness and disease, for example, cholera, consumption, rabies, rheumatism, fevers, alcoholism, hypochondria, hysteria, monomania, and madness, are present in all the seven novels written by the Bronte sisters during the years of 1847-1853. The lack of cures for most of these diseases which often led to death during the respective period seems to account for such literary representations of poor bodily conditions. The purpose of this paper is, however, to go beyond this handy and obvious explanation regarding illness in the BrontE sisters＇ novels and approach aspects such as： Victorian relationships between women and men, the condition of Victorian women in terms of social and domestic status, positions and roles, and rights and education in a patriarchal age. The novels that shall constitute the support for our analysis are The Tenant of Wildfell Hall （2001） by Anne Bronte, Jane Eyre （2001） by CharIotte Bronte, and Wuthering Heights （1985） by Emily Bronte.展开更多
A polyclonal antibody-based antigen-capture ELISA （AC-ELISA） has been developed for detection of Canine parvovirus （CPV） antigens in faecal samples of dogs. The assay uses rabbit anti-CPV polyclonal antibody as th...A polyclonal antibody-based antigen-capture ELISA （AC-ELISA） has been developed for detection of Canine parvovirus （CPV） antigens in faecal samples of dogs. The assay uses rabbit anti-CPV polyclonal antibody as the capture antibody, guinea pig anti-CPV polyclonal antibody as tracing antibody and anti-guinea pig HRPO conjugate as the detection system. The optimum dilution of the capture antibody and the tracing antibody capable of detecting the CPV-2 antigens was found to be 1：1 600 and 1：400, respectively, in the check-board titration. In this study, a total of 152 samples （129 faecal samples and 23 cell culture supernatant） were tested both by AC-ELISA and by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Of the samples tested, 69 and 78 samples were found positive by AC-ELISA and PCR, respectively. The AC-ELISA had relative sensitivity, relative specificity and accuracy of 88.4%, 100.0% and 91.4% respectively. The analytical sensitivity of AC-ELISA was estimated to be 102.8 TCID50/mL whereas PCR sensitivity was 100.8 TCIDs0/mL. The AC-ELISA is a simple, quick and reliable method for screening large numbers of faecal samples of dogs suspected of CPV infection.展开更多
Rabies, a zoonotic disease, causes > 55,000 human deaths globally and results in at least 500 million dollars in losses every year. The currently available rabies vaccines are mainly inactivated and attenuated vacc...Rabies, a zoonotic disease, causes > 55,000 human deaths globally and results in at least 500 million dollars in losses every year. The currently available rabies vaccines are mainly inactivated and attenuated vaccines, which have been linked with clinical diseases in animals. Thus, a rabies vaccine with high safety and efficacy is urgently needed. Peptide vaccines are known for their low cost, simple production procedures and high safety. Therefore, in this study, we examined the efficacy of multi-epitope-based vaccine candidates against rabies virus. The ability of various peptides to induce epitope-specific responses was examined, and the two peptides that possessed the highest antigenicity and conservation, i.e., AR16 and h PAB, were coated with adjuvant canineGp96 and used to prepare vaccines. The peptides were prepared as an emulsion of oil in water(O/W) to create three batches of bivalent vaccine products. The vaccine candidates possessed high safety. Virus neutralizing antibodies were detected on the day 14 after the first immunization in mice and beagles, reaching 5–6 IU/m L in mice and 7–9 IU/m L in beagles by day 28. The protective efficacy of the vaccine candidates was about 70%–80% in mice challenged by a virulent strain of rabies virus. Thus, a novel multi-epitope-based rabies vaccine with Gp96 as an adjuvant was developed and validated in mice and dogs. Our results suggest that synthetic peptides hold promise for the development of novel vaccines against rabies.展开更多
文摘Images of illness and disease, for example, cholera, consumption, rabies, rheumatism, fevers, alcoholism, hypochondria, hysteria, monomania, and madness, are present in all the seven novels written by the Bronte sisters during the years of 1847-1853. The lack of cures for most of these diseases which often led to death during the respective period seems to account for such literary representations of poor bodily conditions. The purpose of this paper is, however, to go beyond this handy and obvious explanation regarding illness in the BrontE sisters＇ novels and approach aspects such as： Victorian relationships between women and men, the condition of Victorian women in terms of social and domestic status, positions and roles, and rights and education in a patriarchal age. The novels that shall constitute the support for our analysis are The Tenant of Wildfell Hall （2001） by Anne Bronte, Jane Eyre （2001） by CharIotte Bronte, and Wuthering Heights （1985） by Emily Bronte.
文摘A polyclonal antibody-based antigen-capture ELISA （AC-ELISA） has been developed for detection of Canine parvovirus （CPV） antigens in faecal samples of dogs. The assay uses rabbit anti-CPV polyclonal antibody as the capture antibody, guinea pig anti-CPV polyclonal antibody as tracing antibody and anti-guinea pig HRPO conjugate as the detection system. The optimum dilution of the capture antibody and the tracing antibody capable of detecting the CPV-2 antigens was found to be 1：1 600 and 1：400, respectively, in the check-board titration. In this study, a total of 152 samples （129 faecal samples and 23 cell culture supernatant） were tested both by AC-ELISA and by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Of the samples tested, 69 and 78 samples were found positive by AC-ELISA and PCR, respectively. The AC-ELISA had relative sensitivity, relative specificity and accuracy of 88.4%, 100.0% and 91.4% respectively. The analytical sensitivity of AC-ELISA was estimated to be 102.8 TCID50/mL whereas PCR sensitivity was 100.8 TCIDs0/mL. The AC-ELISA is a simple, quick and reliable method for screening large numbers of faecal samples of dogs suspected of CPV infection.
基金supported by grants from the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201103032)the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology(SKLVBF201614)+3 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2015BAD11B02)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSZD-EW-Z-005-001)the Special Fund for Chinese Academy of Sciences(CZBZX-1)WJL is the principal investigator of the NSFC Innovative Research Group(Grant No.81321063)
文摘Rabies, a zoonotic disease, causes > 55,000 human deaths globally and results in at least 500 million dollars in losses every year. The currently available rabies vaccines are mainly inactivated and attenuated vaccines, which have been linked with clinical diseases in animals. Thus, a rabies vaccine with high safety and efficacy is urgently needed. Peptide vaccines are known for their low cost, simple production procedures and high safety. Therefore, in this study, we examined the efficacy of multi-epitope-based vaccine candidates against rabies virus. The ability of various peptides to induce epitope-specific responses was examined, and the two peptides that possessed the highest antigenicity and conservation, i.e., AR16 and h PAB, were coated with adjuvant canineGp96 and used to prepare vaccines. The peptides were prepared as an emulsion of oil in water(O/W) to create three batches of bivalent vaccine products. The vaccine candidates possessed high safety. Virus neutralizing antibodies were detected on the day 14 after the first immunization in mice and beagles, reaching 5–6 IU/m L in mice and 7–9 IU/m L in beagles by day 28. The protective efficacy of the vaccine candidates was about 70%–80% in mice challenged by a virulent strain of rabies virus. Thus, a novel multi-epitope-based rabies vaccine with Gp96 as an adjuvant was developed and validated in mice and dogs. Our results suggest that synthetic peptides hold promise for the development of novel vaccines against rabies.
