气相色谱质谱法测定大气中多环芳烃的方法优化

优化大气颗粒物PM2.5中多环芳烃的检测方法,为PM2.5的治理及防护提供基础数据。利用超声萃取-气相色谱质谱法对16种多环芳烃进行有效检测。采暖期间,多环芳烃的检出种类多且浓度比非采暖期高。该方法加标回收率在85%以上,检测限均小于0.02μg/L,线性回归系数均大于0.99(R^(2)>0.99),准确度均小于4.9%,可以满足大气中痕量PAHs的检测。

典型城市大气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染研究

比较了我国四大代表性城市北京、青岛、成都和广州的PAHs污染,主要从三个方面进行比较:多环芳烃的浓度分布状况、季节变化以及在不同功能区的浓度变化趋势。

C18色谱柱的高效液相色谱法分析植物多环芳烃环境毒素

拟建立一套快速、准确且能应用于常规实验室检测植物中多环芳烃（PAHs）的方法。采用常规C18色谱柱代替PAHs专用色谱柱,并通过单因素和正交实验对色谱条件进行优化。采用检测波长300 nm、柱温30℃、进量样20μL、流速0.7 mL/min、乙腈作流动B相以0~3 min（50%A＋50%B）、3~30 min（100%B）梯度洗脱程序,各多环芳径的峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数≥0.9990,相对标准偏差均≤2%。研究建立的以C18色谱柱代替PAHs专用色谱柱检测方法,不仅能快速、准确的检测植物中PAH,而且降低了检测设备成本。

烟熏肉制品中多环芳烃的提取及检测分析

烟熏肉制品作为肉类加工制品的一大类,由于其独特的风味深受广大消费者的欢迎。但是,在烟熏肉中含有致癌的多环芳烃(PAHs),影响着人们的健康。主要从烟熏肉制品中多环芳烃(PAHs)的提取、检测方法对其进行综述,以实现多环芳烃的快速检测和达到寻找控制多环芳烃方法的目的。

燃煤排放的新型非多环芳烃类有机污染物

本文提出了非多环芳烃类（非ＰＡＨｓ）有机污染这一新的燃煤污染物排放类型。指出：常规能源的污染控制经验对于新能源的清洁开发与利用具有重要的借鉴意义。

多环芳烃在固相微萃取-气相色谱法分析中色谱保留行为的研究

利用固相微萃取技术－气相色谱法（ＳＰＭＥ－ＧＣ）研究了多环芳烃（ＰＡＨｓ）的气相色谱保留行为特征．结果表明，在利用ＳＰＭＣ－ＧＣ分析ＰＡＨ过程中，计算得的ＰＡＨｓ的Ｌｅｅ保留指数与传统的直接分析ＰＡＨｓ溶液所得的保留指数一致；同时，在不同色谱操作条件（如恒流，恒压和程序升压），利用ＳＰＭＣ－ＧＣ分析所得的保留指数再现性很好，所有上述不同操作条件下，ＰＡＨｓ的保留指数均能保持在１个指数单位范围内。

芳基化Ⅱ、某些多环芳丁酮的合成及波谱特征

本文报道通过改良的Meerwein芳基化反应由芳胺合成1—萘丁酮,2—萘丁酮和联苯二丁酮,并且讨论了它们的红外光谱和核磁共振谱特征。结果表明:由芳胺重氮化经改良的Meerwein芳基化反应能直接高产率地制得相应的多环芳丁酮,并且根据它们的波谱可以判断其取代模式。

GC-MS法测定盐酸金霉素眼膏中16种多环芳烃含量

目的建立盐酸金霉素眼膏中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的气相色谱-质谱含量测定方法。方法盐酸金霉素眼膏经正己烷溶解后,用正己烷饱和乙腈多次萃取,浓缩后经GC-MS法检测,气相色谱采用DB-5MS毛细管柱,程序升温,进样口温度250℃,质谱采用电子轰击(EI)离子源,以选择反应监测(SIM)模式进行检测。同时从辅料来源及生产工艺上分析制剂中PAHs异常的主要原因。结果 16种PAHs在相应浓度范围内线性关系良好,定量限(LOQ)为0.3～20.0ng/mL,回收率为72%～118%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.5%,辅料凡士林的质量直接影响制剂的好坏。结论本法准确度高、灵敏度强,适用于盐酸金霉素眼膏中PAHs的检测,可为眼膏剂的质量控制与安全性评估提供数据参考。

上海某区空气中多环芳烃与人体健康的相关性

多环芳烃简称PAHs,是目前被很多研究人员都非常重视的一种既可以造成人体发生癌变和畸性、也能够干扰内分泌的有机污染物,广泛存在于大气环境中。多环芳烃可以通过呼吸系统、消化系统与皮肤黏膜等多种途径被人体吸收,影响着人们的生命安全与生活质量。本论文以上海某区成人与小孩为研究对象,选取健康风险评价模型对其进行多环芳烃健康风险评价。

表面活性剂复配淋洗处理多环芳烃污染土壤

异位土壤淋洗是一种具有广泛应用前景的修复技术。采用生物表面活性剂鼠李糖 脂与吐温-80对含荧蔥、花、苯并[b]荧蔥、苯并[k]荧蔥、苯并[a]茁5种多环芳怪污染土壤进行 淋洗,结果表明单独使用鼠李糖脂有利于对荧蔥、茁的淋洗,而吐温-80有利于对苯并荧蔥与苯并 茁的淋洗。将鼠李糖脂与吐温-80复配后,提高了稠环型多环芳姪的淋洗效果,且当吐温-80在 复配体系中的占比为90%时,淋洗效果最佳。24 h后淋洗达到平衡,对荧蔥和茁的单次淋洗率可 达到65%以上,对苯并荧蔥、苯并花等5环或5环以上的多环芳怪的淋洗率可达到36%以上。

多环聚芳醚酮的应用及研究进展

综述了各类多环聚芳醚酮的研究进展,指出其存在的问题,就其发展前景提出了一些思路。

任意共轭系及其代谢中产物的一揽子分子轨道计算

在发展一揽子分子轨道法和多环芳烃线性符号、即特征数的基础上，提出了适用于任意共轭系的，蕴含分子一切拓扑信息的线性符号；即包括无环系、稠合系、集合系、非苯稠合系及其相应含杂原子系，取代衍生物系的特征数线性符号系统．提出了从这种简捷的线性符号，在计算机自动构成Ｈｃｋｅｌ矩阵和Ｆｏｃｋ矩阵的策略和方法．从而实现了无需输入矩阵，在算机上，原则上可对任意共轭系自动进行任意自洽场分子轨道计算的算法．

Mechanisms of Lung Cancer Caused By Cooking Fumes Exposure： A Minor Review

Cooking fumes （CFs） are mixtures of many toxic components, such as aldehydes, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fat aerosols and particulate matters. CFs exposure has been proven to be associated with many diseases. Lung cancer takes the leading place among the diseases being reported caused by CFs exposure. Molecular and biochemical studies have found that CFs exposure may lead to lung cancer by gene damage, formation of reactive oxygen species, blockage of related proteins’ function, and even cell death. However, reviews about the mechanisms of how CFs exposure leads to lung cancer are still lacking. Elucidation of the mechanisms of lung cancer caused by CFs exposure may provide a new insight into the prevention of lung cancer caused by CFs exposure, as well as laying the foundation for the toxicity study of CFs. In this minor review, the mechanisms of how CFs exposure leads to lung cancer were summarized and discussed.

Photoionization Mass Spectrometric and Kinetic Modeling of Low-pressure Pyrolysis of Benzene

Pyrolysis of benzene at 30 Torr was studied from 1360 K to 1820 K in this work. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry was employed to detect the pyroly- sis products such as radicals, isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and measure their mole fraction profiles versus temperature. A low-pressure pyrolysis model of benzene was developed and validated by the experimental results. Rate of production analysis was performed to reveal the major reaction networks in both fuel decomposition and aromatic growth processes. It is concluded that benzene is mainly decomposed via H-abstraction reaction to produce phenyl and partly decomposed via unimolecular decomposition reac- tions to produce propargyl or phenyl. The decomposition process stops at the formation of acetylene and polyyne species like diacetylene and 1,3,5-hexatriyne due to their high thermal stabilities. Besides, the aromatic growth process in the low-pressure pyrolysis of benzene is concluded to initiate from benzene and phenyl, and is controlled by the even carbon growth mechanism due to the inhibited formation of C5 and C7 species which play important roles in the odd carbon growth mechanism.

Extraction of the Residual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Long-term Contaminated Soil in the Field

[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the remediation for PAHs contaminated soil.[Method]The comparisons of soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction and shaking extraction were studied in the agricultural soil irrigated with oil sewage over a long period of time.[Result]The total PAHs extracted by soxhlet extraction were the highest（6 873.7 μg/kg）,followed by shaking extraction（6 698.8 μg/kg）and ultrasonic extraction（5 737.6 μg/kg）.Among these methods,the highest extracted 4 and 6 rings PAHs were in the soxhlet extraction,the highest extracted 2 and 5 rings PAHs were in the shaking extraction,and the highest extracted 3 rings PAHs were in the ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the selection of the assessment method of residual PAHs in the field soil.

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mussels from the Middle and Lower Main Stream of Huaihe River

[ Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary safety of mussels. [ Method] Suspended matter, sediment, and mussel samples were collected from Wuxiaojie and Fushanji in middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River. All samples were extracted with Soxhlet, separated through Silica GeI-Al2O3 column, and determined by GC-MS, and then 16 typical PAHs contents in the prior table listed by American EPA were obtained. [ Result] The results indicated that total PAHs concentrations in suspended matters and sediments of Wuxiaojie were significantly higher than those in Fushanji respectively. However, PAHs concentrations in mussels of the two samplings showed little difference; as for single PAH component, low-ring PAHs were more advantaged in suspended matters of two sampling sites, while high-ring PAHs were more advantaged in mussels. PAHs in sediments of Wuxiaojie assumed low-ring aspect, though PAHs in sediments of Fushanji assumed high-ring aspect. [ Conclusion] In spite of that sediments and mussels were not yet contaminated according to the ecological risk assessment of PAHs, its potential hazards couldn＇t be ignored any more.

Persistent toxic substances in urban highway runoff in Shanghai

Urban highway runoff samples from seventeen rainfall events were collected in Shanghai in 2011. The concentrations of ten heavy metals and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are analyzed. The results show that the heavy metal concentrations range within 0.50 to 51.80 As 0 to 20.80 Se 13.67 to 445.80 Zn 0 to 44.20 Pb 0 to 15.80 Ni 39.58 to 264.20 Fe 0 to 253.00 Mn 0 to 8.20 Cr 0 to 124.20 Cu and 159.83 to 536.40 μg/L Al . Se Pb Mn and Al concentrations in most samples exceed their corresponding criterion continuous concentrations CCCs while Zn and Cu concentrations exceed their criterion maximum concentrations CMCs .The concentrations ofΣPAHs range within 37.25 to 114.57 ng/L and concentrations of PAHs are all below their corresponding CCCs.Cu Zn and ΣPAHs show the first flush phenomenon. Analysis results of the modified Nemerow index method NIM indicate that runoff from eight rainfall events may have very strong biological toxicity effects four have strong effects three have moderate effects and only two have insignificant effects.Therefore it is concluded that urban highway runoff is a significant pollution source to aquatic ecosystems and needs immediate purification.

Concentrations,Accumulation and Sources of PAHs in Surface Layer Sediments of Taizhou Bay

The concentrations, accumulation and sources of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） had been studied or evaluated in the surface layer sediments of Taizhou Bay, China. It showed that the concentrations of PAHs ranged from 85.4 to 167.6 ng/g （averaged 138.62 ng/g）, and the highest level was found in Jiao Jiang Dock. Percentages of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 7.8 %, 42.1%, 33.3 %, 9.6 % and 7.2 % respectively. The accumulation indices of PAHs ranged from 532.7 to 1068.9 （averaged 807.5）, and the index of Phenanthrene was the highest （122.7）, while that of Benzo （a） Pyrene was the lowest （2.7） among them. In Taizhou Bay, PAHs in surface layer sediments came mainly from coal burning, partly from direct pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons.

Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of China’s marginal seas

This study investigates the distribution of black carbon （BC） and its correlation with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （EPAH） in the surface sediments of China＇s marginal seas. BC content ranges from 〈0.10 to 2.45 mg/g dw （grams dry weight） in the sediments studied, and varied among the different coastal regions. The Bohai Bay sediments had the highest BC contents （average 2.18 mg/g dw）, which comprises a significant fraction （27%-41%） of the total organic carbon （TOC） preserved in the sediments. In comparison, BC in the surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea, Jiaozhou Bay, East China Sea and the South China Sea is less abundant and accounted for an average of 6%, 8%, 14% and 5%, respectively, of the sedimentary organic carbon pool. The concentration of EPAH in the surface sediments ranges from 41 to 3 667 ng/g dw and showed large spatial variations among the sampling sites of different costal regions. The Bohai Bay has the highest ZPAH values, ranging from 79 to 3 667 ng/g dw. This reflects the high anthropogenically contaminated nature of the sediments in the bay. BC is positively correlated to TOC but a strong correlation is not found between BC and ZPAH in the surface sediments studied, suggesting that BC and PAHs preserved in the sediments are derived from different sources and controlled by different biogeochemical processes. Our study suggests that the abundance of BC preserved in the sediments could represent a significant sink pool of carbon cycling in China＇s marginal seas.

Bio-toxicity Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pyrene on Arabidopsis thaliana

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）pyrene on the physiology and biochemistry of plant.[Method] Taking model plant A.thaliana as material,the effects of 4-ring PAHs pyrene stress on A.thaliana growth were studied,as well as the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and ultrastructure in leaves.[Result] Under pyrene stress,the root growth of A.thaliana was enhanced under low concentration but was inhibited under high concentration.Trichomes of A.thaliana leaves distorted with the increase of pyrene concentration.Under 0.25 mmol/L of pyrene stress for 28 d,the photosynthetic process of A.thaliana was inhibited,and chlorophyll content in A.thaliana leaves decreased significantly.With the increase of pyrene concentration,the activity of peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）and ascorbate peroxidase（APX）in A.thaliana leaves increased significantly,while catalase（CAT）activity went up firstly and then went down.In addition,average H2O2 content in A.thaliana leaves under different pyrene concentrations were higher than that of control.Meanwhile,damaged ultrastructures of few chloroplasts in A.thaliana leaves under pyrene stress were observed,and photosynthesis was inhibited significantly.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the toxic mechanism of PAHs on plant and plant selection in the phytoremediation of PAHs contaminated soil.