Cooking fumes (CFs) are mixtures of many toxic components, such as aldehydes, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fat aerosols and particulate matters. CFs exposure has been proven to be associate...Cooking fumes (CFs) are mixtures of many toxic components, such as aldehydes, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fat aerosols and particulate matters. CFs exposure has been proven to be associated with many diseases. Lung cancer takes the leading place among the diseases being reported caused by CFs exposure. Molecular and biochemical studies have found that CFs exposure may lead to lung cancer by gene damage, formation of reactive oxygen species, blockage of related proteins’ function, and even cell death. However, reviews about the mechanisms of how CFs exposure leads to lung cancer are still lacking. Elucidation of the mechanisms of lung cancer caused by CFs exposure may provide a new insight into the prevention of lung cancer caused by CFs exposure, as well as laying the foundation for the toxicity study of CFs. In this minor review, the mechanisms of how CFs exposure leads to lung cancer were summarized and discussed.展开更多
Pyrolysis of benzene at 30 Torr was studied from 1360 K to 1820 K in this work. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry was employed to detect the pyroly- sis products such as radicals, isomer...Pyrolysis of benzene at 30 Torr was studied from 1360 K to 1820 K in this work. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry was employed to detect the pyroly- sis products such as radicals, isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and measure their mole fraction profiles versus temperature. A low-pressure pyrolysis model of benzene was developed and validated by the experimental results. Rate of production analysis was performed to reveal the major reaction networks in both fuel decomposition and aromatic growth processes. It is concluded that benzene is mainly decomposed via H-abstraction reaction to produce phenyl and partly decomposed via unimolecular decomposition reac- tions to produce propargyl or phenyl. The decomposition process stops at the formation of acetylene and polyyne species like diacetylene and 1,3,5-hexatriyne due to their high thermal stabilities. Besides, the aromatic growth process in the low-pressure pyrolysis of benzene is concluded to initiate from benzene and phenyl, and is controlled by the even carbon growth mechanism due to the inhibited formation of C5 and C7 species which play important roles in the odd carbon growth mechanism.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the rem...[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the remediation for PAHs contaminated soil.[Method]The comparisons of soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction and shaking extraction were studied in the agricultural soil irrigated with oil sewage over a long period of time.[Result]The total PAHs extracted by soxhlet extraction were the highest(6 873.7 μg/kg),followed by shaking extraction(6 698.8 μg/kg)and ultrasonic extraction(5 737.6 μg/kg).Among these methods,the highest extracted 4 and 6 rings PAHs were in the soxhlet extraction,the highest extracted 2 and 5 rings PAHs were in the shaking extraction,and the highest extracted 3 rings PAHs were in the ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the selection of the assessment method of residual PAHs in the field soil.展开更多
[ Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary sa...[ Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary safety of mussels. [ Method] Suspended matter, sediment, and mussel samples were collected from Wuxiaojie and Fushanji in middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River. All samples were extracted with Soxhlet, separated through Silica GeI-Al2O3 column, and determined by GC-MS, and then 16 typical PAHs contents in the prior table listed by American EPA were obtained. [ Result] The results indicated that total PAHs concentrations in suspended matters and sediments of Wuxiaojie were significantly higher than those in Fushanji respectively. However, PAHs concentrations in mussels of the two samplings showed little difference; as for single PAH component, low-ring PAHs were more advantaged in suspended matters of two sampling sites, while high-ring PAHs were more advantaged in mussels. PAHs in sediments of Wuxiaojie assumed low-ring aspect, though PAHs in sediments of Fushanji assumed high-ring aspect. [ Conclusion] In spite of that sediments and mussels were not yet contaminated according to the ecological risk assessment of PAHs, its potential hazards couldn't be ignored any more.展开更多
Urban highway runoff samples from seventeen rainfall events were collected in Shanghai in 2011. The concentrations of ten heavy metals and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are analyzed. The results show t...Urban highway runoff samples from seventeen rainfall events were collected in Shanghai in 2011. The concentrations of ten heavy metals and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are analyzed. The results show that the heavy metal concentrations range within 0.50 to 51.80 As 0 to 20.80 Se 13.67 to 445.80 Zn 0 to 44.20 Pb 0 to 15.80 Ni 39.58 to 264.20 Fe 0 to 253.00 Mn 0 to 8.20 Cr 0 to 124.20 Cu and 159.83 to 536.40 μg/L Al . Se Pb Mn and Al concentrations in most samples exceed their corresponding criterion continuous concentrations CCCs while Zn and Cu concentrations exceed their criterion maximum concentrations CMCs .The concentrations ofΣPAHs range within 37.25 to 114.57 ng/L and concentrations of PAHs are all below their corresponding CCCs.Cu Zn and ΣPAHs show the first flush phenomenon. Analysis results of the modified Nemerow index method NIM indicate that runoff from eight rainfall events may have very strong biological toxicity effects four have strong effects three have moderate effects and only two have insignificant effects.Therefore it is concluded that urban highway runoff is a significant pollution source to aquatic ecosystems and needs immediate purification.展开更多
The concentrations, accumulation and sources of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) had been studied or evaluated in the surface layer sediments of Taizhou Bay, China. It showed that the concentrations of PAH...The concentrations, accumulation and sources of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) had been studied or evaluated in the surface layer sediments of Taizhou Bay, China. It showed that the concentrations of PAHs ranged from 85.4 to 167.6 ng/g (averaged 138.62 ng/g), and the highest level was found in Jiao Jiang Dock. Percentages of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 7.8 %, 42.1%, 33.3 %, 9.6 % and 7.2 % respectively. The accumulation indices of PAHs ranged from 532.7 to 1068.9 (averaged 807.5), and the index of Phenanthrene was the highest (122.7), while that of Benzo (a) Pyrene was the lowest (2.7) among them. In Taizhou Bay, PAHs in surface layer sediments came mainly from coal burning, partly from direct pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons.展开更多
This study investigates the distribution of black carbon (BC) and its correlation with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPAH) in the surface sediments of China's marginal seas. BC content ranges from 〈0.1...This study investigates the distribution of black carbon (BC) and its correlation with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPAH) in the surface sediments of China's marginal seas. BC content ranges from 〈0.10 to 2.45 mg/g dw (grams dry weight) in the sediments studied, and varied among the different coastal regions. The Bohai Bay sediments had the highest BC contents (average 2.18 mg/g dw), which comprises a significant fraction (27%-41%) of the total organic carbon (TOC) preserved in the sediments. In comparison, BC in the surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea, Jiaozhou Bay, East China Sea and the South China Sea is less abundant and accounted for an average of 6%, 8%, 14% and 5%, respectively, of the sedimentary organic carbon pool. The concentration of EPAH in the surface sediments ranges from 41 to 3 667 ng/g dw and showed large spatial variations among the sampling sites of different costal regions. The Bohai Bay has the highest ZPAH values, ranging from 79 to 3 667 ng/g dw. This reflects the high anthropogenically contaminated nature of the sediments in the bay. BC is positively correlated to TOC but a strong correlation is not found between BC and ZPAH in the surface sediments studied, suggesting that BC and PAHs preserved in the sediments are derived from different sources and controlled by different biogeochemical processes. Our study suggests that the abundance of BC preserved in the sediments could represent a significant sink pool of carbon cycling in China's marginal seas.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)pyrene on the physiology and biochemistry of plant.[Method] Taking model plant A.thaliana as material,the effects of 4-ring PAHs ...[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)pyrene on the physiology and biochemistry of plant.[Method] Taking model plant A.thaliana as material,the effects of 4-ring PAHs pyrene stress on A.thaliana growth were studied,as well as the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and ultrastructure in leaves.[Result] Under pyrene stress,the root growth of A.thaliana was enhanced under low concentration but was inhibited under high concentration.Trichomes of A.thaliana leaves distorted with the increase of pyrene concentration.Under 0.25 mmol/L of pyrene stress for 28 d,the photosynthetic process of A.thaliana was inhibited,and chlorophyll content in A.thaliana leaves decreased significantly.With the increase of pyrene concentration,the activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)in A.thaliana leaves increased significantly,while catalase(CAT)activity went up firstly and then went down.In addition,average H2O2 content in A.thaliana leaves under different pyrene concentrations were higher than that of control.Meanwhile,damaged ultrastructures of few chloroplasts in A.thaliana leaves under pyrene stress were observed,and photosynthesis was inhibited significantly.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the toxic mechanism of PAHs on plant and plant selection in the phytoremediation of PAHs contaminated soil.展开更多
基金Supported by the Development Project of Community Health Nursing Innovative Practice Model of China(CMB08883)
文摘Cooking fumes (CFs) are mixtures of many toxic components, such as aldehydes, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fat aerosols and particulate matters. CFs exposure has been proven to be associated with many diseases. Lung cancer takes the leading place among the diseases being reported caused by CFs exposure. Molecular and biochemical studies have found that CFs exposure may lead to lung cancer by gene damage, formation of reactive oxygen species, blockage of related proteins’ function, and even cell death. However, reviews about the mechanisms of how CFs exposure leads to lung cancer are still lacking. Elucidation of the mechanisms of lung cancer caused by CFs exposure may provide a new insight into the prevention of lung cancer caused by CFs exposure, as well as laying the foundation for the toxicity study of CFs. In this minor review, the mechanisms of how CFs exposure leads to lung cancer were summarized and discussed.
基金This work is supported by the National Natu- ral Science Foundation of China (No.51106146 and No.51036007), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.20100480047 and No.201104326), Chinese Univer- sities Scientific Fund (No.WK2310000010), and Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Pyrolysis of benzene at 30 Torr was studied from 1360 K to 1820 K in this work. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry was employed to detect the pyroly- sis products such as radicals, isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and measure their mole fraction profiles versus temperature. A low-pressure pyrolysis model of benzene was developed and validated by the experimental results. Rate of production analysis was performed to reveal the major reaction networks in both fuel decomposition and aromatic growth processes. It is concluded that benzene is mainly decomposed via H-abstraction reaction to produce phenyl and partly decomposed via unimolecular decomposition reac- tions to produce propargyl or phenyl. The decomposition process stops at the formation of acetylene and polyyne species like diacetylene and 1,3,5-hexatriyne due to their high thermal stabilities. Besides, the aromatic growth process in the low-pressure pyrolysis of benzene is concluded to initiate from benzene and phenyl, and is controlled by the even carbon growth mechanism due to the inhibited formation of C5 and C7 species which play important roles in the odd carbon growth mechanism.
基金Supported by Important Direction Project of Knowledge Innovation Program in Chinese Academy of Science(KZCX2-YW-446)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the remediation for PAHs contaminated soil.[Method]The comparisons of soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction and shaking extraction were studied in the agricultural soil irrigated with oil sewage over a long period of time.[Result]The total PAHs extracted by soxhlet extraction were the highest(6 873.7 μg/kg),followed by shaking extraction(6 698.8 μg/kg)and ultrasonic extraction(5 737.6 μg/kg).Among these methods,the highest extracted 4 and 6 rings PAHs were in the soxhlet extraction,the highest extracted 2 and 5 rings PAHs were in the shaking extraction,and the highest extracted 3 rings PAHs were in the ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the selection of the assessment method of residual PAHs in the field soil.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40073030)~~
文摘[ Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary safety of mussels. [ Method] Suspended matter, sediment, and mussel samples were collected from Wuxiaojie and Fushanji in middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River. All samples were extracted with Soxhlet, separated through Silica GeI-Al2O3 column, and determined by GC-MS, and then 16 typical PAHs contents in the prior table listed by American EPA were obtained. [ Result] The results indicated that total PAHs concentrations in suspended matters and sediments of Wuxiaojie were significantly higher than those in Fushanji respectively. However, PAHs concentrations in mussels of the two samplings showed little difference; as for single PAH component, low-ring PAHs were more advantaged in suspended matters of two sampling sites, while high-ring PAHs were more advantaged in mussels. PAHs in sediments of Wuxiaojie assumed low-ring aspect, though PAHs in sediments of Fushanji assumed high-ring aspect. [ Conclusion] In spite of that sediments and mussels were not yet contaminated according to the ecological risk assessment of PAHs, its potential hazards couldn't be ignored any more.
基金Key Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.11231202100)
文摘Urban highway runoff samples from seventeen rainfall events were collected in Shanghai in 2011. The concentrations of ten heavy metals and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are analyzed. The results show that the heavy metal concentrations range within 0.50 to 51.80 As 0 to 20.80 Se 13.67 to 445.80 Zn 0 to 44.20 Pb 0 to 15.80 Ni 39.58 to 264.20 Fe 0 to 253.00 Mn 0 to 8.20 Cr 0 to 124.20 Cu and 159.83 to 536.40 μg/L Al . Se Pb Mn and Al concentrations in most samples exceed their corresponding criterion continuous concentrations CCCs while Zn and Cu concentrations exceed their criterion maximum concentrations CMCs .The concentrations ofΣPAHs range within 37.25 to 114.57 ng/L and concentrations of PAHs are all below their corresponding CCCs.Cu Zn and ΣPAHs show the first flush phenomenon. Analysis results of the modified Nemerow index method NIM indicate that runoff from eight rainfall events may have very strong biological toxicity effects four have strong effects three have moderate effects and only two have insignificant effects.Therefore it is concluded that urban highway runoff is a significant pollution source to aquatic ecosystems and needs immediate purification.
文摘The concentrations, accumulation and sources of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) had been studied or evaluated in the surface layer sediments of Taizhou Bay, China. It showed that the concentrations of PAHs ranged from 85.4 to 167.6 ng/g (averaged 138.62 ng/g), and the highest level was found in Jiao Jiang Dock. Percentages of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 7.8 %, 42.1%, 33.3 %, 9.6 % and 7.2 % respectively. The accumulation indices of PAHs ranged from 532.7 to 1068.9 (averaged 807.5), and the index of Phenanthrene was the highest (122.7), while that of Benzo (a) Pyrene was the lowest (2.7) among them. In Taizhou Bay, PAHs in surface layer sediments came mainly from coal burning, partly from direct pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40476038 and 40576039)
文摘This study investigates the distribution of black carbon (BC) and its correlation with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (EPAH) in the surface sediments of China's marginal seas. BC content ranges from 〈0.10 to 2.45 mg/g dw (grams dry weight) in the sediments studied, and varied among the different coastal regions. The Bohai Bay sediments had the highest BC contents (average 2.18 mg/g dw), which comprises a significant fraction (27%-41%) of the total organic carbon (TOC) preserved in the sediments. In comparison, BC in the surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea, Jiaozhou Bay, East China Sea and the South China Sea is less abundant and accounted for an average of 6%, 8%, 14% and 5%, respectively, of the sedimentary organic carbon pool. The concentration of EPAH in the surface sediments ranges from 41 to 3 667 ng/g dw and showed large spatial variations among the sampling sites of different costal regions. The Bohai Bay has the highest ZPAH values, ranging from 79 to 3 667 ng/g dw. This reflects the high anthropogenically contaminated nature of the sediments in the bay. BC is positively correlated to TOC but a strong correlation is not found between BC and ZPAH in the surface sediments studied, suggesting that BC and PAHs preserved in the sediments are derived from different sources and controlled by different biogeochemical processes. Our study suggests that the abundance of BC preserved in the sediments could represent a significant sink pool of carbon cycling in China's marginal seas.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(20807053)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program)(2009AA06Z402)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)pyrene on the physiology and biochemistry of plant.[Method] Taking model plant A.thaliana as material,the effects of 4-ring PAHs pyrene stress on A.thaliana growth were studied,as well as the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and ultrastructure in leaves.[Result] Under pyrene stress,the root growth of A.thaliana was enhanced under low concentration but was inhibited under high concentration.Trichomes of A.thaliana leaves distorted with the increase of pyrene concentration.Under 0.25 mmol/L of pyrene stress for 28 d,the photosynthetic process of A.thaliana was inhibited,and chlorophyll content in A.thaliana leaves decreased significantly.With the increase of pyrene concentration,the activity of peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)in A.thaliana leaves increased significantly,while catalase(CAT)activity went up firstly and then went down.In addition,average H2O2 content in A.thaliana leaves under different pyrene concentrations were higher than that of control.Meanwhile,damaged ultrastructures of few chloroplasts in A.thaliana leaves under pyrene stress were observed,and photosynthesis was inhibited significantly.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the toxic mechanism of PAHs on plant and plant selection in the phytoremediation of PAHs contaminated soil.