This paper considers the problem of time varying congestion pricing to determine optimal time-varying tolls at peak periods for a queuing network with the interactions between buses and private cars.Through the combin...This paper considers the problem of time varying congestion pricing to determine optimal time-varying tolls at peak periods for a queuing network with the interactions between buses and private cars.Through the combined applications of the space-time expanded network（STEN） and the conventional network equilibrium modeling techniques,a multi-class,multi-mode and multi-criteria traffic network equilibrium model is developed.Travelers of different classes have distinctive value of times（VOTs）,and travelers from the same class perceive their travel disutility or generalized costs on a route according to different weights of travel time and travel costs.Moreover,the symmetric cost function model is extended to deal with the interactions between buses and private cars.It is found that there exists a uniform（anonymous） link toll pattern which can drive a multi-class,multi-mode and multi-criteria user equilibrium flow pattern to a system optimum when the system＇s objective function is measured in terms of money.It is also found that the marginal cost pricing models with a symmetric travel cost function do not reflect the interactions between traffic flows of different road sections,and the obtained congestion pricing toll is smaller than the real value.展开更多
Fingerprint authentication system is used to verify users' identification according to the characteristics of their fingerprints.However,this system has some security and privacy problems.For example,some artifici...Fingerprint authentication system is used to verify users' identification according to the characteristics of their fingerprints.However,this system has some security and privacy problems.For example,some artificial fingerprints can trick the fingerprint authentication system and access information using real users' identification.Therefore,a fingerprint liveness detection algorithm needs to be designed to prevent illegal users from accessing privacy information.In this paper,a new software-based liveness detection approach using multi-scale local phase quantity(LPQ) and principal component analysis(PCA) is proposed.The feature vectors of a fingerprint are constructed through multi-scale LPQ.PCA technology is also introduced to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors and gain more effective features.Finally,a training model is gained using support vector machine classifier,and the liveness of a fingerprint is detected on the basis of the training model.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can detect the liveness of users' fingerprints and achieve high recognition accuracy.This study also confirms that multi-resolution analysis is a useful method for texture feature extraction during fingerprint liveness detection.展开更多
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2007AA11Z202)the National Key Technology R & D Program of China during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No. 2006BAJ18B03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. DUT10RC(3) 112)
文摘This paper considers the problem of time varying congestion pricing to determine optimal time-varying tolls at peak periods for a queuing network with the interactions between buses and private cars.Through the combined applications of the space-time expanded network（STEN） and the conventional network equilibrium modeling techniques,a multi-class,multi-mode and multi-criteria traffic network equilibrium model is developed.Travelers of different classes have distinctive value of times（VOTs）,and travelers from the same class perceive their travel disutility or generalized costs on a route according to different weights of travel time and travel costs.Moreover,the symmetric cost function model is extended to deal with the interactions between buses and private cars.It is found that there exists a uniform（anonymous） link toll pattern which can drive a multi-class,multi-mode and multi-criteria user equilibrium flow pattern to a system optimum when the system＇s objective function is measured in terms of money.It is also found that the marginal cost pricing models with a symmetric travel cost function do not reflect the interactions between traffic flows of different road sections,and the obtained congestion pricing toll is smaller than the real value.
基金supported by the NSFC (U1536206,61232016,U1405254,61373133, 61502242)BK20150925the PAPD fund
文摘Fingerprint authentication system is used to verify users' identification according to the characteristics of their fingerprints.However,this system has some security and privacy problems.For example,some artificial fingerprints can trick the fingerprint authentication system and access information using real users' identification.Therefore,a fingerprint liveness detection algorithm needs to be designed to prevent illegal users from accessing privacy information.In this paper,a new software-based liveness detection approach using multi-scale local phase quantity(LPQ) and principal component analysis(PCA) is proposed.The feature vectors of a fingerprint are constructed through multi-scale LPQ.PCA technology is also introduced to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors and gain more effective features.Finally,a training model is gained using support vector machine classifier,and the liveness of a fingerprint is detected on the basis of the training model.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method can detect the liveness of users' fingerprints and achieve high recognition accuracy.This study also confirms that multi-resolution analysis is a useful method for texture feature extraction during fingerprint liveness detection.
