多花黄精从生粉到九蒸九晒过程中多糖的变化

[目的]选取浙江丽水和安徽青阳2个产地的多花黄精3年生以上块茎,研究其在九蒸九晒过程中多糖的变化。[方法]参考药典中黄精多糖硫酸-蒽铜测定法。[结果]生黄精中多糖的含量最高,到三蒸三晒剧烈下降,此后到九蒸九晒中间数次反弹,但总体呈缓慢下降趋势。两组多糖均值相关性显示,不同品种的九蒸九晒过程中多糖变化反应一致性良好。对试验数据采取可重复双因素方差分析显示,10个处理间多糖含量差异达到极显著水平,2个品种间也达到了极显著水平。品种和处理的交互作用对多糖的影响也达到极显著水平。[结论]该试验结果为炮制中药或临床上对黄精多糖含量提出要求时提供参考,并为研究不同产地或不同黄精品种间多糖含量差异提供试验启发。

Content Variation of Active Components in Mulberry Fruit During Ripening Process

Ten mulberry species were taken as materials to detect contents of DNJ,polysaccharide and flavonoid.The results indicated that the three active components differed significantly upon species.Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1,which are of high contents of active components,were selected as materials to measure contents change of active components in fresh fruits during ripening process after full-bloom stage.The research suggested that DNJ mass fractions of Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 on the 3rd d in full-bloom stage were 0.074 1% and 0.072 5%;DNJ declined gradually with growth of the fruit and DNJ contents in the two cultivars decreased by 49.80% and 58.90% on the 31st d in full-bloom stage,compared with the 3rd d.As mulberry grew,polysaccharide contents in Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were increasing and achieved peaks on the 27th d in full-bloom stage at 9.570% and 10.276%,respectively.For total flavonoids,the contents in Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were both of two peaks on 11th d and 27th d.The mass fractions were 0.313%,0.444%,and 0.264%,0.326%,accordingly.In addition,DNJ contents in ripe seeds of Hongguo 2 and Shushen 1 were significantly higher than those in fruit,but total flavonoid contents were lower.Polysaccharide was not detected.It can be concluded that mulberry fruits growing for 27 d can be either as excellent food or for medicine.

Susceptibility of Newly Introduced Potato Cultivars to Libya to Infection with Bacterial Soft Rot and the Associated Physiological Changes

Tuber slices of newly introduced potato cultivars （cvs） in Libya, namely Spunta, Pamela, Daisy, Daifla, Atlas and Apollina were tested for their susceptibility to soft rot bacterium （Erwinia carotovora subsp, carotovora）. Atlas cv was proved to be the most susceptible cv, meanwhile, Daisy cv was the most resistant one. The activities of pectolytic and oxidative enzymes in diseased tubers were profoundly higher than these in healthy ones. The highest enzymatic activities of pectin methyl esterase （PME） and polygalacturonase （PG） were observed in diseased tubers of Daifla cv. However, diseased tubers of Spunta gave the highest activities of polymethyl galacturonase （PMG）. On the other hand, the highest significant activities of the enzyme PME in healthy tubers was detected in Pamela cv compared to other cvs. Moreover, there were insignificant differences in PG and PMG enzymes activities between healthy tubers of the different cvs. The cv Daisy gave the highest activity of the enzyme peroxidase （PO） in diseased tubers, whereas the highest activity of enzyme polyphenol oxidase （PPO） was detected in infected tubers of Atlas cv. Concerning healthy tubers, the highest activities of enzymes PO and PPO were noticed in Atlas and Pamella cvs respectively as compared to other cvs. Electrolyte leakage from plant cells was estimated by measuring electrical conductivity as indicator for permeability changes in potato tissues. Values of electrolyte leakage in infected tubers of all tested cvs showed significant increase compared with those of healthy ones, especially, with the most susceptible one.