杏鲍菇多糖水提物新型护肤乳配方工艺及抗氧化功效

探究了以杏鲍菇多糖水提物为主要成分的护肤乳配比及功效。通过提取物的不同比例来设计配方,以质量分数0、25%、50%和75%的杏鲍菇多糖水提物添加量制备出4种具有抗氧化效果的护肤乳,并通过感官评定、耐热耐寒测试等试验,测定其理化性质及稳定性,同时结合DPPH自由基与超氧阴离子清除试验考察其氧化活性。结果表明4种产品均符合行业标准;由体外抗氧化试验可知,随着多糖水提物添加量的增加,护肤乳对DPPH和超氧阴离子的清除能力也增强。其中,含质量分数75%提取物的护肤乳效果最佳,皮肤水分含量增加8%,DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子能力的最大清除率分别为30.52%和51.86%。杏鲍菇多糖水提物具有良好的抗氧化效果和保湿性,可作为新型化妆品中的天然抗氧化活性物质。

祁白术多糖提取工艺研究

以蒽酮-硫酸比色法测多糖含量,以正交优选工艺条件进行验证提取并加样测定回收率,结果显示:水提最佳条件为料液比1∶10、水浴100℃、恒温3 h,沉淀得率为48.41%,可溶性糖含量为43.83%,可溶性糖得率为21.22%;水提后醇沉条件为药液浓缩为1.5mL药液/g生药、醇沉浓度达到90%、4℃冰箱24h,醇沉得率为31.28%。水提法料液比、水提温度影响有显著性(P<0.05)、醇沉法醇沉浓度影响有显著性(P<0.05)。工艺验证实验平均得率31.55%,RSD=1.57%;加样回收率平均98.00%,以优选工艺方法提取、较稳定可行。

Extraction of Polysaccharides from Spirulina with Boiling Water

[Objective] The aim of this study was to develop a simple and effective method for the polysaccharide extraction from Spirulina. [Method] The polysaccha- rides were directly extracted from the fresh algae mat or dry powder of Spirulina in boiling water. The contents and quality of the extracted polysaccharides were measured. [Result] On average, 236.06 g of polysaccharide was extracted from 25 kg of fresh Spirulina mat, with a yield rate of 0.94%, while 191.95 g of polysac- charide was extracted from 2.5 kg of dry powder of Spirulina with a yield rate of 0.77%. The polysaccharide content in the extract of fresh Spirulina mat was 12.56% （according to glucose content）, while that of the dry powder was 12.38% （according to glucose content）; the glucose was produced during the hydrolysis of Spirulina polysaccharide. [Conclusion] Extraction polysaccharide from Spirulina with boiling wa- ter greatly reduces the use of ethanol, and the possibility of pollution from the ex- ogenous non-food chemical reagents, so that the extracted polysaccharides can be used as food materials. This method makes it possible to establish the production line for Spirulina polysaccharide.

Characterization of Polysaccharides Extracted from a Cultivated Brown Alga Costaria costata During the Harvest Period

In this study, variations in composition and properties of polysaccharides isolated from brown algae Costaria costata were analyzed. The algae were collected from May to July of the harvest period. The carbohydrates alginate and fucoidan were extracted with selected solvents. 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance and rheology were used to investigate the monomer composition and rheological characteristics of alginate. Gas chromatography and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy were employed to investigate the compositional properties of purified fucoidan. The results indicated that the composition and properties of alginate and fucoidan varied during the life of this alga. The alginate from the alga harvested in May and June had a higher molecular weight, viscosity, and proportion of mannuronic acid, whereas that harvested in July had a lower molecular weight and viscosity but a higher proportion of guluroinc acid. The alginate from C. costata had a higher molecular weight and a different mannuronic acid： guluronic acid ratios compared with other algae; thus, it could be used in the chemical, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Fucoidan content reached the maximum in June. Substantial changes in the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition, and sulfate content occurred simultaneously. The fraction of fucose in the polysaccharides decreased significantly from June to July, whereas that of mannose increased. This alga can be harvested during different growth periods to obtain fucoidans and alginates with different compositions and, therefore, with different biological properties.