基于多目标多约束的生产制造业的计划排产问题研究

保证交期是生产制造业的生产制造的核心竞争点之一,在这种情况下,制造系统都要求最小化生产完成时间。最小化生产完成时间基本上涉及两个目标,即最小化机器闲置时间和最小化订单提前率/延迟率。必须通过考虑所有约束条件(例如优先级、可用机器、机器转换、机器设置、机器容量、大量库存等)来实现这两个目标的最小化。这需要通过高级计划和排程(APS)来实现。该文提出了一种具有迭代搜索的遗传(GA)算法来找到APS问题的最优解,应用于解决生产制造业多目标多约束的计划排产过程问题。该算法在满足所有约束的情况下最小化机器闲置时间和订单提前率/延迟率,从而最小化生产完成时间,确保产品交期。该文使用Python开发了APS混合整数编程模型,该模型使用迭代搜索技术来提高系统效率并在短时间内产生最佳解决方案。

试论条约机构与多边条约的实施——以多边环境协定的缔约方大会管理模式为例

条约机构对多边条约的实施这种方式,具有集体性、多边合作性、持续性、长期性以及预防性的特点,它使多边条约的实施更为有力,更能保证条约得以遵守。对于国际法而言,它是在国家自觉遵守和独力自救这两种传统的国际法实施方式之外,新发展起来的一种实施方式。它使国际法的实施从单边向多边、从单独执行向合作实施、从各自监督向集体监督发展。它是国际法上一大突破,丰富了国际法的实施方式,提高了国际法实施的可能性。

微乳丹参酮逆转肿瘤多药耐药的作用

目的:观察中药新剂型微乳丹参酮对人白血病敏感细胞株(sensitive K562 cell line,KS)及其阿霉素(ADM)耐药株(ADM resistant K562 cell line,KA)的多药耐药性逆转效果,并探讨其可能机制。方法:用中药制剂微乳丹参酮作为逆转剂,丹参酮和空白微乳体系作为对照,作用于耐药株,采用MTT法、流式细胞术、荧光强度法检测逆转前后相关指标变化。结果:微乳丹参酮、空白微乳体系及丹参酮均可显著降低KA的耐药性,微乳丹参酮的作用最强,逆转倍数显著高于空白微乳体系和丹参酮两组(P<0.05)。微乳丹参酮、空白微乳体系及丹参酮均可降低KA的P-gp和Bcl-2表达水平,使肿瘤细胞凋亡比率上升,微乳丹参酮的作用最强,使肿瘤细胞在ADM作用下的凋亡比率增加(P<0.05)。三者均可使细胞内ADM药物浓度升高,微乳丹参酮作用后的KA细胞中ADM的浓度最高,与空白微乳体系和丹参酮组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:P-gp药物外排和Bcl-2高表达引起的凋亡抑制是多药耐药的发生机制之一。微乳丹参酮有很强的多药耐药逆转作用,可显著增加KA细胞内ADM药物浓度。

c-erbB-2的表达与非小细胞肺癌多药耐药的关系

目的探讨c-erbB-2基因表达和非小细胞肺癌的化疗耐药性的关系,初步明确c-erbB-2基因在介导非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)耐药机制中的作用。方法应用MTT法对54例未经化疗的非小细胞肺癌进行体外化疗药物敏感性测试,观察非小细胞肺癌分别对环磷酰胺、阿霉素、顺铂+氟尿嘧啶三种单药和联合用药方案耐药情况;用免疫组织化学方法检测c-erbB-2基因的表达,并对其表达情况与对应的化疗耐药性进行相关分析。结果54例NSCLC化疗敏感性检测结果显示:32例(59.3%)对环磷酰胺耐药,31例(57.4%)对阿霉素耐药,25例(46.3%)对顺铂+氟尿嘧啶耐药。其中,11例(20.4%)对3种用药均敏感,16例(29.6%)对3种用药均耐药,其耐药性与组织学类型和分化程度无关(P>0.05)。c-erbB-2在54例非小细胞肺癌中总的阳性表达率为53.7%,其中鳞癌和腺癌相比c-erbB-2的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05)。c-erbB-2的表达与3种化疗用药的耐药性均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),并且不同表达程度间也有显著差异性(P<0.05)。结论c-erbB-2在非小细胞肺癌中有较高的阳性表达,其参与介导了NSCLC固有化疗耐药的机制。

承德汉族人群大肠癌组织中MTHFR基因C677T多态性与P170糖蛋白表达的相关性

目的研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与多药耐药基因蛋白(P170糖蛋白)在大肠癌组织中表达的相关性。方法收集2009年6～12月在承德医学院附属医院住院并行手术的55例汉族患者的大肠癌组织标本,用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP)检测大肠癌组织中MTHFR基因C677T的基因型;同时用免疫组化方法检测P170糖蛋白在不同分化程度大肠癌组织中的表达情况。结果 55例大肠癌组织中,高分化、中分化、低分化中P170糖蛋白的阳性表达率分别为44.4%(5/9)、52.2%(19/40)、33.3%(4/6)。P170在大肠癌组织中的表达与大肠癌的分化程度无相关性(χ2=0.86,P>0.05),其中MTHFR C677T T/T基因型的大肠癌组织中P170糖蛋白阳性表达率显著低于C/T基因型(χ2=7.464,P<0.05);又显著低于C/C基因型(χ2=6.875,P<0.05);C/T基因型和C/C基因型之间大肠癌组织中P170糖蛋白阳性表达率没有显著性差异(χ2=0.016,P>0.05)。结论 MTHFR基因C677T T/T基因型的大肠癌组织中P170糖蛋白的表达明显低于C/T型和C/C型,MTHFR基因C677T T/T基因型可能成为大肠癌化疗敏感性的有效指标,为指导临床医生进行个体化化疗提供理论依据。

Casein kinase 2 interacts with and phosphorylates ataxin-3

Objective Machado-Joseph disease （MJD）/Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 （SCA3） is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of polyglutamine tract near the C-terminus of the MJD1 gene product, ataxin-3. The precise mechanism of the MJD/SCA3 pathogenesis remains unclear. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that phosphorylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, few kinases are known to phosphorylate ataxin-3. The present study is to explore whether ataxin-3 is a substrate of casein kinase 2 （CK2）. Methods The interaction between ataxin-3 and CK2 was identified by glutathione S-transferase （GST） pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipition assay. The phosphorylation of ataxin-3 by CK2 was measured by in vitro phosphorylation assays. Results （1） Both wild type and expanded ataxin-3 interacted with CK2α and CK2β in vitro. （2） In 293 cells, both wild type and expanded ataxin-3 interacted with CK2β, but not CK2α. （3） CK2 phosphorylated wild type and expanded ataxin-3. Conclusion Ataxin-3 is a substrate of protein kinase CK2.

Ordered successive noise projection cancellation algorithm for dual lattice-reduction-aided MIMO detection

A novel nonlinear multi-input multi-output MIMO detection algorithm is proposed which is referred to as an ordered successive noise projection cancellation OSNPC algorithm. It is capable of improving the computation performance of the MIMO detector with the conventional ordered successive interference cancellation OSIC algorithm. In contrast to the OSIC in which the known interferences in the input signal vector are successively cancelled the OSNPC successively cancels the known noise projections from the decision statistic vector. Analysis indicates that the OSNPC is equivalent to the OSIC in error performance but it has significantly less complexity in computation.Furthermore when the OSNPC is applied to the MIMO detection with the preprocessing of dual lattice reduction DLR the computational complexity of the proposed OSNPC-based DLR-aided detector is further reduced due to the avoidance of the inverse of the reduced basis of the dual lattice in computation compared to that of the OSIC-based one. Simulation results validate the theoretical conclusions with regard to both the performance and complexity of the proposed MIMO detection scheme.

MULTI-OBJECTIVE SHAPE DESIGN IN AERODYNAMICS USING GAME STRATEGY

Multi-objective optimization for the optimum shape design is introduced in aerodynamics using the Game theory. Based on the control theory, the employed optimizer and the negative feedback are used to implement the constraints. All the constraints are satisfied implicitly and automatically in the design. Furthermore,the above methodology is combined with a formulation derived from the Game theory to treat multi-point airfoil optimization. Airfoil shapes are optimized according to various aerodynamics criteria. In the symmetric Nash game, each “player” is responsible for one criterion, and the Nash equilibrium provides a solution to the multipoint optimization. Design results confirm the efficiency of the method.

CEE-Gr:A Global Router with Performance Optimization Under Multi-Constraints

A global routing algorithm with performance optimization under multi constraints is proposed,which studies RLC coupling noise,timing performance,and routability simultaneously at global routing level.The algorithm is implemented and the global router is called CEE Gr.The CEE Gr is tested on MCNC benchmarks and the experimental results are promising.

PolyQ-expanded ataxin-3 interacts with full-length ataxin-3 in a polyQ length-dependent manner

Objective Machado-Joseph disease （MJD）, also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 （SCA3）, is a dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine （polyQ） tract in MJD-1 gene product, ataxin-3 （AT3）. This disease is characterized by the formation of intraneuronal inclusions, but the mechanism underlying their formation is still poorly understood. The present study is to explore the relationship between wild type （WT） AT3 and polyQ expanded AT3. Methods Mouse neuroblastoma （N2a） cells or HEK293 cells were co-transfected with WTAT3 and different truncated forms of expanded AT3. The expressions of WT AT3 and the truncated forms of expanded AT3 were detected by Western blotting, and observed by an inverted fluorescent microscope. The interactions between AT3 and different truncated forms of expanded AT3 were detected by immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. Results Using fluorescent microscope, we observed that the truncated forms of expanded AT3 aggregate in transfected cells, and the full-length WT AT3 is recruited onto the aggregates. However, no aggregates were observed in cells transfected with the truncated forms of WT AT3. Immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down analyses indicate that WT AT3 interacts with the truncated AT3 in a polyQ length-dependent manner. Conclusion WT AT3 deposits in the aggregation that was formed by polyQ expanded AT3, which suggests that the formation of AT3 aggregation may affect the normal function of WT AT3 and increase polyQ protein toxicity in MJD.

Three-dimensional multi-constraint route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude penetration based on coevolutionary multi-agent genetic algorithm

To address the issue of premature convergence and slow convergence rate in three-dimensional (3D) route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude penetration,a novel route planning method was proposed.First and foremost,a coevolutionary multi-agent genetic algorithm (CE-MAGA) was formed by introducing coevolutionary mechanism to multi-agent genetic algorithm (MAGA),an efficient global optimization algorithm.A dynamic route representation form was also adopted to improve the flight route accuracy.Moreover,an efficient constraint handling method was used to simplify the treatment of multi-constraint and reduce the time-cost of planning computation.Simulation and corresponding analysis show that the planning results of CE-MAGA have better performance on terrain following,terrain avoidance,threat avoidance (TF/TA2) and lower route costs than other existing algorithms.In addition,feasible flight routes can be acquired within 2 s,and the convergence rate of the whole evolutionary process is very fast.

Schematic Road Network Map Progressive Generalization Based on Multiple Constraints

Multiple constraints for schematic road network map cartographic design are analyzed and summarized. Based on this, a set of quantitative criteria are set up and a new road network generalization method including progressive selection and displacement is proposed. Furthermore, topological checking methods for road networks are researched. Based on these constraints, the points in a road network are classified, and a satisfactory and effective schematic map is designed in a con- crete experiment while maintaining topological consistency of the road network between the original and the schematic map

Automatic pickup of arrival time of channel wave based on multi-channel constraints

Accurately detecting the arrival time of a channel wave in a coal seam is very important for in-seam seismic data processing. The arrival time greatly affects the accuracy of the channel wave inversion and the computed tomography （CT） result. However, because the signal-to-noise ratio of in-seam seismic data is reduced by the long wavelength and strong frequency dispersion, accurately timing the arrival of channel waves is extremely difficult. For this purpose, we propose a method that automatically picks up the arrival time of channel waves based on multi-channel constraints. We first estimate the Jaccard similarity coefficient of two ray paths, then apply it as a weight coefficient for stacking the multi- channel dispersion spectra. The reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in an actual data application. Most importantly, the method increases the degree of automation and the pickup precision of the channel-wave arrival time.

Scheduling Multiple Orders per Job with Multiple Constraints on Identical Parallel Machines

With a comprehensive consideration of multiple product types, past-sequence-dependent （ p-s-d ） setup times, and deterioration effects constraints in processes of wafer fabrication systems, a novel scheduling model of multiple orders per job（MOJ） on identical parallel machines was developed and an immune genetic algorithm（IGA） was applied to solving the scheduling problem. A scheduling problem domain was described. A non-linear mathematical programming model was also set up with an objective function of minimizing total weighted earliness-tardlness penalties of the system. On the basis of the mathematical model, IGA was put forward. Based on the genetic algorithm （GA）, the proposed algorithm （IGA） can generate feasible solutions and ensure the diversity of antibodies. In the process of immunization programming, to guarantee the algorithm＇s convergence performance, the modified rule of apparent tardiness cost with setups （ATCS） was presented. Finally, simulation experiments were designed, and the results indicated that the algorithm had good adaptability when the values of the constraints＇ characteristic parameters were changed and it verified the validity of the algorithm.

Review on the conceits used in ＂The Sun Rising＂

＂The Sun Rising＂ is one of the most outstanding metaphysical poems of John Donne. After a general introduction about the metaphysical poetry and the author, this paper mainly aims to analyze the arresting and original conceits and images used in ＂The Sun Rising＂ and comment on their effect on expressing the author＇s feeling and reflecting his emotions.

Cooperative task allocation for heterogeneous multi-UAV using multi-objective optimization algorithm

The application of multiple UAVs in complicated tasks has been widely explored in recent years.Due to the advantages of flexibility,cheapness and consistence,the performance of heterogeneous multi-UAVs with proper cooperative task allocation is superior to over the single UAV.Accordingly,several constraints should be satisfied to realize the efficient cooperation,such as special time-window,variant equipment,specified execution sequence.Hence,a proper task allocation in UAVs is the crucial point for the final success.The task allocation problem of the heterogeneous UAVs can be formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem coupled with the UAV dynamics.To this end,a multi-layer encoding strategy and a constraint scheduling method are designed to handle the critical logical and physical constraints.In addition,four optimization objectives:completion time,target reward,UAV damage,and total range,are introduced to evaluate various allocation plans.Subsequently,to efficiently solve the multi-objective optimization problem,an improved multi-objective quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization(IMOQPSO)algorithm is proposed.During this algorithm,a modified solution evaluation method is designed to guide algorithmic evolution;both the convergence and distribution of particles are considered comprehensively;and boundary solutions which may produce some special allocation plans are preserved.Moreover,adaptive parameter control and mixed update mechanism are also introduced in this algorithm.Finally,both the proposed model and algorithm are verified by simulation experiments.

Existence of multi-bump solutions for coupled Schr dinger systems

The Schrodinger equation -△u＋λ2u=｜u｜2q-2u has a unique positive radial solution Uλ, which decays exponentially at infinity. Hence it is reasonable that the Schrolinger system -△u1＋u1=｜u1｜2q-1u1-εb（x）｜u2｜1｜u1｜q-1u1,-△u2＋u2=｜u2｜2q-2u2-εb（x）｜u1｜1｜u2｜q-1u2 has multiple-bump solutions which behave like Uλ in the neighborhood of some points. For u=（u1,u2）∈H1（R3）×H1（R3）, a nonlinear functional Iε（u）=I1（u1）＋I2（u2）-ε/q∫R3b（x）｜u1｜q｜u2｜qdx,is defined,where I1（u1）=1/2｜｜u1｜｜2-1/2q∫R3｜u1｜2qdx and I2（u2）=1/2｜｜u2｜｜2ω-1/2q∫R3｜u2｜2qdx. It is proved that the solutions of the system are the critical points of I,. Let Z be the smooth solution manifold of the unperturbed problem and TzZ is the tangent space. The critical point of I is rewritten as the form of z ＋ w, where w ∈ （TzZ）⊥. Using some properties of Iε, it is proved that there exists a critical point of I, close to the form which is a multi-bump solution.

Multivariable Decoupling Predictive Control with Input Constraints and Its Application on Chemical Process

A constrained decoupling (generalized predictive control) GPC algorithm is proposed for MIMO (malti-input multi-output) system. This algorithm takes account of all constraints of inputs and their increments. By solving matrix equations, the multi-step predictive decoupling controllers are realized. This algorithm need not solve Diophantine functions, and weakens the cross-coupling of the variables. At last the simulation results demon- strate the effectiveness of this proposed strategy.

Repair of bile duct defect with degradable stent and autologous tissue in a porcine model

AIM： To introduce and evaluate a new method to re- pair bile duct defect with a degradable stent and au- tologous tissues. METHODS： Eight Ba-Ma mini-pigs were used in this study, Experimental models with common bile duct （CBD） defect （0,5-1,0 cm segment of CBD resected） were established and then CBD was reconstructed by duct to duct anastomosis with a novel degradable stent made of poly [sebacic acid-co-（1,3-propanediol）-co- （1,2-propanediol）]. In addition, a vascularized greater omentum was placed around the stent and both ends of CBD. Cholangiography via gall bladder was per- formed for each pig at postoperative months 1 and 3 to rule out stent translocation and bile duct stricture. Complete blood count was examined pre- and post- operatively to estimate the inflammatory reaction. Liver enzymes and serum bilirubin were examined pre- and post-operatively to evaluate the liver function. Five pigs were sacrificed at month 3 to evaluate the healing of anastomosis. The other three pigs were raised for one year for long-term observation. RESULTS： All the animals underwent surgery success- fully. There was no intraoperative mortality and no bile leakage during the observation period, The white blood cell counts were only slightly increased on day 14 and month 3 postoperatively compared with that before operation, the difference was not statistically significant （P = 0.652）. The plasma level of alanine aminotrans- ferase on day 14 and month 3 postoperatively was also not significantly elevated compared with that before operation （P = 0.810）. Nevertheless, the plasma level of y-glutamyl transferase was increased after opera- tion in both groups （P = 0.004）, especially 2 wk after operation. The level of serum total bilirubin after opera- tion was not significantly elevated compared with that before operation （P = 0.227）, so did the serum direct bilirubin （P = 0.759）. By cholangiography yia gall blad- der, we found that the stent maintained its integrity of shape and was stillin situ at month 1, and it disap- peared completely at month 3. No severe CBD dilation and stricture were observed at both months 1 and 3. No pig died during the 3-too postoperative observation period. No sign of necrosis, bile duct stricture, bile leak- age or abdominal abscess was found at reoperation at month 3 postoperatively. Pigs had neither fragments of stent nor stones formed in the CBD. Collagen deposit was observed in the anastomosis by hematoxylin and eosin （HE） and Masson＇s trichrome stains. No severe cholestasis was observed in liver parenchyma by HE staining. Intestinal obstruction was found in a pig 4 mo after operation, and no bile leakage, bile duct stricture or biliary obstruction were observed in laparotomy. No sign of bile duct stricture or bile leakage was observed in the other two pigs. CONCLUSION： The novel method for repairing bile duct defect yielded a good short-term effect without postoperative bile duct stricture. However, the long- term effect should be further studied.

Poorly expandable common bile duct with stones on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

AIM： To describe characteristics of a poorly expandable （PE） common bile duct （CBD） with stones on en- doscopic retrograde cholangiography.METHODS： APE bile duct was characterized by a rigid and relatively narrowed distal CBD with retro- grade dilatation of the non-PE segment. Between 2003 and 2006, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography （ERC） images and chart reviews of 1213 patients with newly diagnosed CBD stones were obtained from the computer database of Therapeutic Endoscopic Centerin Chang Gung Memoria acteristic PE bile duct on Hospital. Patients with char ERC were identified from the database. Data of the patients as well as the safety and technical success of therapeutic ERC were collected and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS： A total of 30 patients with CBD stones and characteristic PE segments were enrolled in this study. The median patient age was 45 years （range, 20 to 92 years）; 66.7% of the patients were men. The di ameters of the widest non-PE CBD segment, the PE segment, and the largest stone were 14.3 ± 4.9 mm, 5.8±1.6 mm, and 11.2±4.7 mm, respectively. The length of the PE segment was 39.7±15.4 mm （range, 12.3 mm to 70.9 mm）. To remove the CBD stone（s） completely, mechanical lithotripsy was required in 25 （83.3%） patients even though the stone size was not as large as were the difficult stones that have been described in the literature. The stone size and stone/ PE segment diameter ratio were associated with the need for lithotripsy. Post-ERC complications occurred in 4 cases： pancreatitis in 1, cholangitis in 2, and an im- pacted Dormia basket with cholangitis in 1. Two （6.7%） of the 28 patients developed recurrent CBD stones at follow-up （50±14 mo） and were successfully managed with therapeutic ERC.CONCLUSION： Patients with a PE duct frequently require mechanical lithotripsy for stones extraction, To retrieve stones successfully and avoid complications, these patients should be identified during ERC,