A statistical downscaling approach based on multiple-linear-regression(MLR) for the prediction of summer precipitation anomaly in southeastern China was established,which was based on the outputs of seven operational ...A statistical downscaling approach based on multiple-linear-regression(MLR) for the prediction of summer precipitation anomaly in southeastern China was established,which was based on the outputs of seven operational dynamical models of Development of a European Multi-model Ensemble System for Seasonal to Interannual Prediction(DEMETER) and observed data.It was found that the anomaly correlation coefficients(ACCs) spatial pattern of June-July-August(JJA) precipitation over southeastern China between the seven models and the observation were increased significantly;especially in the central and the northeastern areas,the ACCs were all larger than 0.42(above 95% level) and 0.53(above 99% level).Meanwhile,the root-mean-square errors(RMSE) were reduced in each model along with the multi-model ensemble(MME) for some of the stations in the northeastern area;additionally,the value of RMSE difference between before and after downscaling at some stations were larger than 1 mm d-1.Regionally averaged JJA rainfall anomaly temporal series of the downscaling scheme can capture the main characteristics of observation,while the correlation coefficients(CCs) between the temporal variations of the observation and downscaling results varied from 0.52 to 0.69 with corresponding variations from-0.27 to 0.22 for CCs between the observation and outputs of the models.展开更多
New generational very-high-energy telescope arrays have been detecting more than 120 TeV γ-ray sources. Multi-wavelength observations on these z-ray sources have proven to be robust in shedding light on their nature....New generational very-high-energy telescope arrays have been detecting more than 120 TeV γ-ray sources. Multi-wavelength observations on these z-ray sources have proven to be robust in shedding light on their nature. The coming radio telescope arrays like ASKAP and FAST may find more faint （extended） radio sources due to their better sensitivities and resolutions, might identify more previously un-identified γ-ray sources and set many new targets for future deep surveys by very-highenergy ground-based telescopes like LHAASO. We in the paper summarize a list of known Galactic γ-ray Supernova Remnants （SNRs） with or without radio emissions so far, which includes some SNRs deserving top priority for future multi-wavelength observations.展开更多
基金supported by the special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (Grant No. GYHY200906018)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB950304 and 2009CB421406)the Knowl-edge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-QN202)
文摘A statistical downscaling approach based on multiple-linear-regression(MLR) for the prediction of summer precipitation anomaly in southeastern China was established,which was based on the outputs of seven operational dynamical models of Development of a European Multi-model Ensemble System for Seasonal to Interannual Prediction(DEMETER) and observed data.It was found that the anomaly correlation coefficients(ACCs) spatial pattern of June-July-August(JJA) precipitation over southeastern China between the seven models and the observation were increased significantly;especially in the central and the northeastern areas,the ACCs were all larger than 0.42(above 95% level) and 0.53(above 99% level).Meanwhile,the root-mean-square errors(RMSE) were reduced in each model along with the multi-model ensemble(MME) for some of the stations in the northeastern area;additionally,the value of RMSE difference between before and after downscaling at some stations were larger than 1 mm d-1.Regionally averaged JJA rainfall anomaly temporal series of the downscaling scheme can capture the main characteristics of observation,while the correlation coefficients(CCs) between the temporal variations of the observation and downscaling results varied from 0.52 to 0.69 with corresponding variations from-0.27 to 0.22 for CCs between the observation and outputs of the models.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 011241001 and 11261140641)the Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. 034031001(Beiren) and KJZD-EW-T01)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology Under State Key Development Program for Basic Research (Grant Nos. 2012CB821800 and 2013CB837901)grant from the John Templeton Foundation and National Astronomical Observatories (NAO) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘New generational very-high-energy telescope arrays have been detecting more than 120 TeV γ-ray sources. Multi-wavelength observations on these z-ray sources have proven to be robust in shedding light on their nature. The coming radio telescope arrays like ASKAP and FAST may find more faint （extended） radio sources due to their better sensitivities and resolutions, might identify more previously un-identified γ-ray sources and set many new targets for future deep surveys by very-highenergy ground-based telescopes like LHAASO. We in the paper summarize a list of known Galactic γ-ray Supernova Remnants （SNRs） with or without radio emissions so far, which includes some SNRs deserving top priority for future multi-wavelength observations.
