商代的多老与多工

商代有"多老"。殷墟卜辞中有商王命老臣监察王国政治形势的记载。商周时代的官吏又称为"工",殷墟卜辞中有"多工"和"百工",师组卜辞中有"老工"。贵族名号中也有"工",如"受工"、"工壬"、"工乙"、"工父甲"。

老年髋关节置换术应用不同麻醉方式的价值探析

目的探讨老年髋关节置换术应用不同麻醉方式的价值。方法回顾2016年1月—2017年2月84例老年髋关节置换术患者并分组。对照组用全麻方式,研究组用腰硬联合麻醉方式。比较两组老年髋关节置换术麻醉优良率;麻醉起效时间、麻醉后心率、血压变化;麻醉不良事件出现率。结果研究组老年髋关节置换术麻醉优良率高于对照组,P<0.05;研究组麻醉起效时间、麻醉后心率、血压变化优于对照组,P<0.05;研究组麻醉不良事件出现率低于对照组,P<0.05。结论老年髋关节置换术应用腰硬联合麻醉的价值高,可更快起效,稳定生命体征,减少并发症发生,安全和可行性高。

Analysis of the Constituents and Antisenile Function of Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides

Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS), water_soluble polysaccharides, isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Bl. of Amaranthaceae family, was divided into four parts, named as Con.1, Con.2, Con.3 and Con.4, respectively, by chromatography on DEAE_Sepharose fast_flow column and Sephadex G_100 column in order. Con.1 was the constituent of high molecular weight and the other three were all of low molecular weight. Micro_Kjeldahl analysis showed that Con.1 contained 3.95% of nitrogen and neither did the other three parts. The antisenile effects of the four parts of ABPS were studied with Drosophila melanogaster. Results showed that Con.1 has no antisenile effect and all the others could significantly increase the average body weight by 3.85%-5.47% and significantly prolonged the average lifespan by 2.61%- 3.16% of D. melanogaster at the concentration of 2 or 5 mg/g (ABPS/medium).

极复杂开采条件下综放配套设备技术优化改造

河北冀中能源股份有限公司东庞矿北井9202B工作面里段受小煤矿越界开采破坏严重,为避开小煤窑冒顶区布置巷道,尽最大限度圈定煤炭资源,综放配套设备的技术优化改造为矿井出采极不规范的工作面提供了最直接的经验。

Related gene expressions in anti-keratinocyte aging induced by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides

Objective:To examine the level of expression of anti skin aging gene of Ganoderma lucidum polysacchayides and clarify its mechanism with anti aging of this ancient Chinese medicine.Methods:HacaT cell of keratinocytes lines were cultured and treated with the polysaccharides.The total RNA was extracted with Trizol reagent and cDNA was synthesized by reverse thanscription.The obtained cDNAs were then fluorescently labeled with cy3 and cy5 respectively and hybridized with gene expressing pedigree cDNA chip.The images were scanned and analyzed with special software.The scan data were analyzed with software and checked by real time PCR.Results:Among total 18 346 human genes,the expression of 103 ones was up-regulated and 378 ones down-regulated.It was demonstrated evidently that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides affected the expression of genes of anti skin aging.Two ways are anastomotic.Conclusion:it is concluded by analysis of function of these up-regulation and down-regulation genes that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides may play an important role in boosting cell growth and against skin aging.It shows that the results of gene array reliable by real time PCR.

The protective effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on photoaging fibroblasts by scavenging reactive oxygen species and promoting the expression of TGF-β1

The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides （DOP） onphotoaging human skin fibroblasts and its specific mechanism of action. The photoaging fibroblast model wasestablished by ultraviolet B （UVB） irradiation. The toxic effects of different concentrations of DOP were detected usingMTT. Senescent cells were detected using a β-galactosidase kit. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） in cells were detectedusing a flow cytometer. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 （MMP-1）, type I collagen C-terminal peptide（CICP）, and transforming growth factor β-1 （TGF-β1） in spent culture medium was detected by ELISA. The resultsshowed that the low concentration of DOP （20, 40, 80 μg/mL） had no cytotoxicity on fibroblasts. After 60 mJ/cm2UVBirradiation, the number of aging β-gal-positive cells increased, the levels of CICP and TGF-β1 in spent culture mediumdecreased, while the levels of MMP-1 and ROS increased. After administration of DOP on photoaging fibroblasts, thenumber of aging β-gal-positive cells decreased, the levels of ROS and MMP-1 decreased, and the levels of TGF-β1 andCICP increased. This experiment suggests that DOP has the effect of removing ROS induced by UVB, regulating thebalance of collagen production and degradation, and protecting photoaging human skin fibroblasts.

Lansoprazole ameliorates intestinal mucosal damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats

AIM: To investigate the protective effect of lansoprazoleon ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced rat intestinalmucosal injury in vivo.METHODS: Intestinal damage was induced by clampingboth the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunkfor 30 rain followed by reperfusion in male Sprague-Dawleyrats. lansoprazole was given to rats intraperitoneally 1 hbefore vascular clamping.RESULTS: Both the intraluminal hemoglobin and proteinlevels, as indices of mucosal damage, significantlyincreased in I/R-groups comparion with those of sham-operation groups. These increases in intraluminal hemoglobinand protein levels were significantly inhibited by the treatmentwith lansoprazole at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Small intestineexposed to I/R resulted in mucosal inflammation that wascharacterized by significant increases in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), tissue-associatedmyeloperoxidase activity (MPO), and mucosal content of ratcytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1).These increases in TBARS, MPO activities and CINC-1 contentin the intestinal mucosa after I/R were all inhibited bypretreatment with lansoprazole at a dose of 1 mg/kg.Furthermore, the CINC-1 mRNA expression was increasedduring intestinal I/R, and this increase in mRNA expressionwas inhibited by treatment with lansoprazole.CONCLUSION: Lansoprazole inhibits lipid peroxidation andreduces development of intestinal mucosal inflammationinduced by I/R in rats, suggesting that lansoprazole mayhave a therapeutic potential for I/R injury.

Effects of psychological stress on small intestinal motility and expression of cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in plasma and small intestine in mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of psychological stress on small intestinal motility and expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in plasma and small intestine, and to explore the relationship between small intestinal motor disorders and gastrointestinal hormones under psychological stress. METHODS: Thirty-six mice were randomly divided into psychological stress group and control group. A mouse model with psychological stress was established by housing the mice with a hungry cat in separate layers of a two-layer cage. A semi-solid colored marker (carbon-ink) was used for monitoring small intestinal transit. CCK and VIP levels in plasma and small intestine in mice were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: Small intestinal transit was inhibited (52.18±19.15% vs70.19±17.79%, P<0.01) in mice after psychological stress, compared to the controls. Small intestinal CCK levels in psychological stress mice were significantly lower than those in the control group (0.75±0.53 μg/g vs1.98±1.17 μg/g, P<0.01), whereas plasma CCK concentrations were not different between the groups. VIP levels in small intestine were significantly higher in psychological stress mice than those in the control group (8.45±1.09 μg/g vs7.03±2.36 μg/g, P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in plasma VIP levels between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Psychological stress inhibits the small intestinal transit, probably by down-regulating CCK and up-regulating VIP expression in small intestine.

Relationship between red blood cell distribution width and intermediate-term mortality in elderly patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Large-scale clinical research on the relationship between red blood cell distribution width （RDW） and intermediate-term prognosis in elderly patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） is lacking. Thus, this study investigated the effects of RDW on the intermediate-term mortality of elderly patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods Data from 1891 patients 〉 65 years old underwent elective PCI from July 2009 to September 2011 were collected. Based on preoperative median RDW （12.3%）, the patients were divided into two groups. The low RDW group （RDW 〈 12.3%） had 899 cases; the high RDW group （RDW 〉 12.3%） had 992 cases. The all-cause mortality rates of the two groups were compared. Results Patients in the high RDW group were more likely to be female and accompanied with diabetes, had lower hemoglobin level. The mean follow-up period was 527 days. During follow-up, 61 patients died （3.2%）. The postoperative mortality of the high RDW group was significantly higher than that of the low RDW group （4.3% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.004）. After adjusting other factors, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that preoperative high RDW was significantly associated with postoperative all-cause mortality （hazard ratio： 2.301, 95% confidence interval： 1.106-4.785, P = 0.026）. Conclusions Increased RDW was an independent predictor of the increased intermediate-term all-cause mortality in elderly CAD patients after elective PCI.

Effects of K. Lysolecithin on Blood Levels of Monoamines in Mice

In this research, Lysolecithin-a substance made with 100% natural ingredients - was given to ICR mice as medication to measure its periodic effect on the noradrenalin (NA), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) levels of the brain. Both ICR and SAM mice were separated into two groups - control group and Lysolecithin (K. Lysolecithin: hydrolytic lysolecithin) medicated group, and given 1-week preparation period. The K. Lysolecithin group was given 500mg/kg of K. Lysolecithin at 0.2mL per dosage for 4 weeks, and the control group was given the same amount of dosage of water during the same period. NA, DA and 5-HT concentrations were measured from the blood before medication and 8 weeks / 12 weeks / 16 weeks after the first medication. For the SAM mice, 8 weeks after they were medicated with K .Lysolecithin, Morris Water Maze Test was conducted for 7 consecutive days and then the concentrations were measured by drawing blood from the heart. The K. Lysolecithin medicated group showed a tendency to have a statistically significant higher concentrations of 5-HT and NA in the blood. Also, periodic examination showed that the monoamine levels were highest in the 12th week and declined thereafter.

Comparison of intra peritoneal anti-adhesive polysaccha rides derived from Phellinus mushrooms in a rat peritonitis model

AIM: To assess the adhesion- and abscess-reducing capacities of various concentrations of polysaccharides derived from fungus, Phellinus gilvus (PG) or Phellinus linteus (PL) in a rat peritonitis model.METHODS: In 96 SD rats, experimental peritonitis was induced using the cecal ligation and puncture model (CLP).Rats were randomly assigned to 8 groups; Ringer's lactate solution (RL group), hyaluronic acid (HA group), 0.025%,0.25%, and 0.5% polysaccharides from PG (PG0.025, 0.25,and 0.5 groups), and PL (PL0.025, 0.25, and 0.5 groups).Adhesions and abscesses were noted at 7 d after CLP.RT-PCR assay was performed to assess the cecal tissue.RESULTS: Adhesion formation was significantly reduced in PG0.25, 0.5, PL0.25, 0.5, and HA groups (2.5±0.7,2.4±0.7, 3.8±1.0, 3.6±0.8, and 2.7±1.1, P＜0.05). The incidence of abscesses was significantly reduced in all treated groups compared to RL group (58%, P＜0.05). The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene expression was greatly up-regulated by increasing the concentration of polysaccharides. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA were highly expressed in PG0.25, 0.5, PL0.25, and 0.5groups.CONCLUSION: We concluded that 0.5% polysaccharide derived from PG and PL was the optimal concentration in preventing adhesion and abscess formation and may act by modulating activity of uPA and TNF-α in a rat peritonitis model.

Care of older adults

In the United States, approximately 40 million adults over the age 65 are affected by one or more forms of cardiovascular disease and it remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Among older adults, therapeutic goals for cardiovascular diseases （CVD） are often confounded by comorbid diseases and/or conditions that dominate their overall sense of health and well-being. Thus, even while CVD is usually considered a principal concern,

Effect of lipopolysaccharide on diarrhea and gastrointestinal transit in mice: Roles of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E_2

AIM: To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)on the diarrheogenic activity, gastrointestinal transit (GIT),and intestinal fluid content and the possible role of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastrointestinal functions of endotoxin-treated mice.METHODS: Diarrheogic activity, GIT, and intestinal fluid content as well as nitric oxide and PGE2 products were measured after intraperitoneal administration of LPS in mice.RESULTS: LPS dose-dependently accumulated abundant fluid into the small intestine, induced diarrhea, but decreased the GIT. Both nitric oxide and PGE2 were found to increase in LPS-treated mice. Western blot analysis indicated that LPS significantly induced the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 in mice intestines. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME, a non-selective NOS inhibitor) or indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis) significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on the diarrheogenic activity and intestine content, but reversed the GIT.CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the pathogenesis of LPS treatment may mediate the stimulatory effect of LPS on nitric oxide and PGE2 production and NO/prostaglandin pathway may play an important role on gastrointestinal function.

Social isolation and health-promoting behaviors among older adults living with different health statuses:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To describe the characteristics and relationships of social isolation and health promoting behaviors of Chinese older adults with different health statuses.Methods:Totally 485 older adults were recruited.They were divided into three groups based on their health status:healthy group(n=72),group with one disease(n=183)and group with multimorbidity(n=230).Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were used to measure their social isolation and health-promoting behaviors,respectively.Results:Among the aged with one disease or multimorbidity,30.6%(56/183)and 31.7%(73/230)were socially isolated,respectively,based on the score of the Lubben Social Network Scale-6.The three groups differed significantly in health-promoting behaviors and scores on several subscales.The group with multimorbidity exhibited more social isolation and fewer health-promoting behaviors than other groups.Social isolation was among the factors adversely affecting health-promoting behaviors in older adults.Conclusions:Health care providers should help older adults with multimorbidity preserve the remaining abilities to improve health-promoting behaviors.Meanwhile,it is important to support healthy older adults to increase self-responsibility to achieve healthy aging.

Usefulness of coronary flow reserve measured by transthoracic coronary Doppler ultrasound in the elderly

The left anterior descending （LAD） coronary artery is the main vessel of human coronary circulation, and life-threa- tening consequences are seen when flow in this area is im- paired, Noninvasive measurement of coronary flow re- serve （CFR）, defined as the ratio of maximal to baseline coronary blood flow, has been repeatedly shown to be a feasible technique by ultrasound transthoracic Doppler （TTD） both in the LAD and, with some limitations, in the posterior descending （PD） coronary artery.

Gene expression profile in rat small intestinal allografts after cold preservation/reperfusion

AIM: To determine the changes of gene expression profile in small intestinal allografts in rats after cold preservation/ reperfusion, and to identify the genes relevant to cold preservation/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Heterotopic segmental small bowel transplantation was performed in six rats with a sham operation and they were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from the allografts (experimental group) and normal intestines (control group) 1 h after cold preservation/ reperfusion, and then purified to mRNA, which was then reversely transcribed to cDNA, and labeled with fluorescent Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP to prepare hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to the cDNA microarray. After high-stringent washing, the fluorescent signals on cDNA microarray chip were scanned and analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 4 096 target genes, 82 differentially expressed genes were identified between the two groups. There were 18 novel genes, 33 expression sequence tags, and 31 previously reported genes. The selected genes may be divided into four classes: genes modulating cellular adhesion, genes regulating cellular energy, glucose and protein metabolism, early response genes and other genes. CONCLUSION: A total of 82 genes that may be relevant to cold preservation/reperfusion injury in small intestinal allografts are identified. Abnormal adhesion between polymorphonuclears and endothelia and failure in energy, glucose and protein metabolism of the grafts may contribute to preservation/reperfusion injury. The functions of the novel genes identified in our study need to be clarified further.

Role orientation of the government in the development of the aging industry in the perspective of welfare pluralism theory

Welfare pluralism is in recent years research society of the new policy paradigm, advocate to break me government monopoly, by many subjects together to provide social welfare. Currently, there are offside, absence, not in place and other phenomena in the important subject of government in the development of aging industry, and to solve this problem, must clarify the government＇s role positioning, reasonable and effective government to play a role, so as to promote the development and perfection of the aging industry.

Research on the Small - scale and Multi - functional Community Endowment Model

Pension as a part of＂Healthy China＂ has been elevated to the national strategic level. Our country has entered the aging period of rapid development. China is ＂running＂ into an aging society, aging population growth to enhance the pension demand, China＇s current pension model development difficult, difficult to cope with the rapidly growing demand for retirement. Therefore, the establishment of a comprehensive, multi-functional new facility after all, a community of embedded retirement pension to meet the requirements of sustainable development options. The Japanese government＇s main push small-scale multi-function Pension House is a good example of pension services, its mode of operation consistent with China＇s National Day. Thus, summarizing and analyzing the experience of Japan, while the status quo of the development of social pension, to explore a Chinese-style pension service model of innovation. To resolve some of the difficulties of the current development of China＇s current pension model, led by China＇s pension services out of the woods.

Determinants of invasive strategy in elderly patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction

Background Knowledge gaps across literature prevent current guidelines from providing the profile of elderly patients most likely to derive benefit fi^om invasive strategy （IS） in non ST-elevation myocardial infarction （NSTEMI）. Furthermore, the benefit of IS in a real-world elderly population with NSTEMI remains unclear. The aims of this study were to determine factors that lead the cardiologist to opt for an IS in elderly patients with NSTEMI, and to assess the impact of IS on the 6-month all-cause mortality. Methods This multicenter prospective study enrolled all consecutive patients aged 〉 75 years old who presented a NSTEMI and were hospitalized in cardiology intensive care unit between February 2014 and February 2015. Patients were compared on the basis of reperfusion strategy （invasive or conservative） and living status at six months, in order to determine multivariate predictors of the realization of an IS and multivariate predictors of 6-month mor- tality. Results A total of 141 patients were included; 87 （62%） underwent an IS. The strongest independent determinants of IS were younger age [odds ratio （OR）： 0.85, 95%-confidence interval （CI）： 0.78-0.92; P 〈 0.001） and lower ＂Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric＂ number of categories score （OR： 0.83, 95%CI： 0.73-0.95; P = 0.002）. IS was not significantly associated with 6-month survival （OR： 0.80, 95%CI： 0.27-2.38; P = 0.69）. Conclusions In real-world elderly patients with NSTEMI, younger patients with fewer comorbidities profited more often from an IS. However, IS did not modify 6-month all-cause mortality.

Clinical observation of docetaxel in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly patients

Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and side effects of docetaxel as single chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Forty-two elderly patients with advanced NSCLC who were chemotherapy-naive were enrolled in this study. Docetaxel at the doses of 70 mg/m2 was administrated intravenously every 21 days as a cycle, each patient received 2-4 cycles. All patients were followed up until disease progressed or patients died. Results: Among 42 patients, 40 could be evaluated, 1 complete response (CR), 9 partial response (PR), 13 stable disease (SD), 17 progress disease (PD). The overall response rate (CR+PR) was 35% and disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) was 57.5%. The median time to progress (TTP) was 4.2 months, median survival time was 6.1 months and 1-year survival rate was 35.8%. The main toxicity was myelosuppression and decreasing platelet. Conclusion: Single agent docetaxel for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC is an efficient and well-tolerated chemotherapeutic approach with a low toxicity level.