多芳环吡啶鎓的合成和表征

介绍了五种新的1,2,4,6-四芳环吡啶鎓高氯酸盐化合物的合成,并用元素分析、红外光谱、~1H-核磁共振谱,^(13)C-核磁共振谱和电子光谱等方法对新合成的化合物进行了表征。

四种多芳环吡啶鎓高氯酸盐电子光谱的溶剂效应

本文测试了4种多芳环吡啶鎓高氯酸盐化合物在9种溶剂中的电子光谱。发现化合物的V^(UV)和V^(FL)分别与溶剂的n^2-1/2n^2+1、(ε-n^2)(2ε+n^2)/ε(n+2)~2和ε-1/ε+2-n^2-1/n^2+2以及化合物的(V^(UV)-(V)^(FL))与溶剂的(ε-1/2ε+1-n^2-1/2n^2+1)都存在着一定的线性关系。并应用PPP-SCF-CI方法计算得到的分子基态和激发态的π电子偶极矩和分子平均键级对化合物电子光谱溶剂效应进行了定性解释。

酸催化一锅法合成多芳环稠合[3.3.1]二氧杂壬烷衍生物

报道了酸催化一锅法高效合成多芳环稠合[3.3.1]二氧杂壬烷衍生物的方法.以2-羟基查尔酮化合物与2-萘酚为原料反应生成多环稠合氧杂环化合物,其反应机理有别于传统的迈克尔加成引起的环化过程,是酸催化2-羟基查尔酮脱水形成花青素中间体,再与2-萘酚发生亲电取代/分子内加成环化生成多环稠合氧杂环化合物的过程.该反应原子经济性高,后处理简单.以75%~92%产率生成多芳环稠合[3.3.1]二氧杂壬烷化合物,均经过^(1)H NMR、^(13)C NMR、HRMS和IR的表征鉴定.

新型多芳环取代杂萘联苯型聚芳醚酮的合成

随着高新技术的发展，对高性能特种工程塑料的需求日益剧增，对材料的综合性能特别是耐热性提出了更高的要求。聚芳醚酮是一类综合性能优异的高性能工程塑料，研究开发耐热等级更高的新型聚醚酮已成为高分子材料与工程领域的研究热点之一［１，２］。二氮杂萘联苯酮酚是本...

多芳环吡啶鎓电子光谱的量子化学研究

用自编的PPP-SCF-CI法微机程序对六种自合成的多芳环吡啶鎓化合物的吸收光谱和荧光峰波长进行了计算,得到了与实验值相当一致的计算结果,并用计算得到的信息对实验值进行了分析。

Mechanisms of Lung Cancer Caused By Cooking Fumes Exposure： A Minor Review

Cooking fumes （CFs） are mixtures of many toxic components, such as aldehydes, heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fat aerosols and particulate matters. CFs exposure has been proven to be associated with many diseases. Lung cancer takes the leading place among the diseases being reported caused by CFs exposure. Molecular and biochemical studies have found that CFs exposure may lead to lung cancer by gene damage, formation of reactive oxygen species, blockage of related proteins’ function, and even cell death. However, reviews about the mechanisms of how CFs exposure leads to lung cancer are still lacking. Elucidation of the mechanisms of lung cancer caused by CFs exposure may provide a new insight into the prevention of lung cancer caused by CFs exposure, as well as laying the foundation for the toxicity study of CFs. In this minor review, the mechanisms of how CFs exposure leads to lung cancer were summarized and discussed.

Photoionization Mass Spectrometric and Kinetic Modeling of Low-pressure Pyrolysis of Benzene

Pyrolysis of benzene at 30 Torr was studied from 1360 K to 1820 K in this work. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry was employed to detect the pyroly- sis products such as radicals, isomers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and measure their mole fraction profiles versus temperature. A low-pressure pyrolysis model of benzene was developed and validated by the experimental results. Rate of production analysis was performed to reveal the major reaction networks in both fuel decomposition and aromatic growth processes. It is concluded that benzene is mainly decomposed via H-abstraction reaction to produce phenyl and partly decomposed via unimolecular decomposition reac- tions to produce propargyl or phenyl. The decomposition process stops at the formation of acetylene and polyyne species like diacetylene and 1,3,5-hexatriyne due to their high thermal stabilities. Besides, the aromatic growth process in the low-pressure pyrolysis of benzene is concluded to initiate from benzene and phenyl, and is controlled by the even carbon growth mechanism due to the inhibited formation of C5 and C7 species which play important roles in the odd carbon growth mechanism.

Extraction of the Residual Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Long-term Contaminated Soil in the Field

[Objective] The aim of this study was to find a better method to exactly quantify the residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in the long-term contaminated soil in the field so as to provide basis for the remediation for PAHs contaminated soil.[Method]The comparisons of soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction and shaking extraction were studied in the agricultural soil irrigated with oil sewage over a long period of time.[Result]The total PAHs extracted by soxhlet extraction were the highest（6 873.7 μg/kg）,followed by shaking extraction（6 698.8 μg/kg）and ultrasonic extraction（5 737.6 μg/kg）.Among these methods,the highest extracted 4 and 6 rings PAHs were in the soxhlet extraction,the highest extracted 2 and 5 rings PAHs were in the shaking extraction,and the highest extracted 3 rings PAHs were in the ultrasonic extraction.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the selection of the assessment method of residual PAHs in the field soil.

Distribution and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mussels from the Middle and Lower Main Stream of Huaihe River

[ Object] The aim was to discuss the pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in mussels from the middle and lower main stream of Huaihe River, which will provide a scientific basis for dietary safety of mussels. [ Method] Suspended matter, sediment, and mussel samples were collected from Wuxiaojie and Fushanji in middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River. All samples were extracted with Soxhlet, separated through Silica GeI-Al2O3 column, and determined by GC-MS, and then 16 typical PAHs contents in the prior table listed by American EPA were obtained. [ Result] The results indicated that total PAHs concentrations in suspended matters and sediments of Wuxiaojie were significantly higher than those in Fushanji respectively. However, PAHs concentrations in mussels of the two samplings showed little difference; as for single PAH component, low-ring PAHs were more advantaged in suspended matters of two sampling sites, while high-ring PAHs were more advantaged in mussels. PAHs in sediments of Wuxiaojie assumed low-ring aspect, though PAHs in sediments of Fushanji assumed high-ring aspect. [ Conclusion] In spite of that sediments and mussels were not yet contaminated according to the ecological risk assessment of PAHs, its potential hazards couldn＇t be ignored any more.

Persistent toxic substances in urban highway runoff in Shanghai

Urban highway runoff samples from seventeen rainfall events were collected in Shanghai in 2011. The concentrations of ten heavy metals and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are analyzed. The results show that the heavy metal concentrations range within 0.50 to 51.80 As 0 to 20.80 Se 13.67 to 445.80 Zn 0 to 44.20 Pb 0 to 15.80 Ni 39.58 to 264.20 Fe 0 to 253.00 Mn 0 to 8.20 Cr 0 to 124.20 Cu and 159.83 to 536.40 μg/L Al . Se Pb Mn and Al concentrations in most samples exceed their corresponding criterion continuous concentrations CCCs while Zn and Cu concentrations exceed their criterion maximum concentrations CMCs .The concentrations ofΣPAHs range within 37.25 to 114.57 ng/L and concentrations of PAHs are all below their corresponding CCCs.Cu Zn and ΣPAHs show the first flush phenomenon. Analysis results of the modified Nemerow index method NIM indicate that runoff from eight rainfall events may have very strong biological toxicity effects four have strong effects three have moderate effects and only two have insignificant effects.Therefore it is concluded that urban highway runoff is a significant pollution source to aquatic ecosystems and needs immediate purification.

Concentrations,Accumulation and Sources of PAHs in Surface Layer Sediments of Taizhou Bay

The concentrations, accumulation and sources of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） had been studied or evaluated in the surface layer sediments of Taizhou Bay, China. It showed that the concentrations of PAHs ranged from 85.4 to 167.6 ng/g （averaged 138.62 ng/g）, and the highest level was found in Jiao Jiang Dock. Percentages of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were 7.8 %, 42.1%, 33.3 %, 9.6 % and 7.2 % respectively. The accumulation indices of PAHs ranged from 532.7 to 1068.9 （averaged 807.5）, and the index of Phenanthrene was the highest （122.7）, while that of Benzo （a） Pyrene was the lowest （2.7） among them. In Taizhou Bay, PAHs in surface layer sediments came mainly from coal burning, partly from direct pollution of petroleum hydrocarbons.

Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of China’s marginal seas

This study investigates the distribution of black carbon （BC） and its correlation with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （EPAH） in the surface sediments of China＇s marginal seas. BC content ranges from 〈0.10 to 2.45 mg/g dw （grams dry weight） in the sediments studied, and varied among the different coastal regions. The Bohai Bay sediments had the highest BC contents （average 2.18 mg/g dw）, which comprises a significant fraction （27%-41%） of the total organic carbon （TOC） preserved in the sediments. In comparison, BC in the surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea, Jiaozhou Bay, East China Sea and the South China Sea is less abundant and accounted for an average of 6%, 8%, 14% and 5%, respectively, of the sedimentary organic carbon pool. The concentration of EPAH in the surface sediments ranges from 41 to 3 667 ng/g dw and showed large spatial variations among the sampling sites of different costal regions. The Bohai Bay has the highest ZPAH values, ranging from 79 to 3 667 ng/g dw. This reflects the high anthropogenically contaminated nature of the sediments in the bay. BC is positively correlated to TOC but a strong correlation is not found between BC and ZPAH in the surface sediments studied, suggesting that BC and PAHs preserved in the sediments are derived from different sources and controlled by different biogeochemical processes. Our study suggests that the abundance of BC preserved in the sediments could represent a significant sink pool of carbon cycling in China＇s marginal seas.

Bio-toxicity Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pyrene on Arabidopsis thaliana

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）pyrene on the physiology and biochemistry of plant.[Method] Taking model plant A.thaliana as material,the effects of 4-ring PAHs pyrene stress on A.thaliana growth were studied,as well as the changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and ultrastructure in leaves.[Result] Under pyrene stress,the root growth of A.thaliana was enhanced under low concentration but was inhibited under high concentration.Trichomes of A.thaliana leaves distorted with the increase of pyrene concentration.Under 0.25 mmol/L of pyrene stress for 28 d,the photosynthetic process of A.thaliana was inhibited,and chlorophyll content in A.thaliana leaves decreased significantly.With the increase of pyrene concentration,the activity of peroxidase（POD）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）and ascorbate peroxidase（APX）in A.thaliana leaves increased significantly,while catalase（CAT）activity went up firstly and then went down.In addition,average H2O2 content in A.thaliana leaves under different pyrene concentrations were higher than that of control.Meanwhile,damaged ultrastructures of few chloroplasts in A.thaliana leaves under pyrene stress were observed,and photosynthesis was inhibited significantly.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the toxic mechanism of PAHs on plant and plant selection in the phytoremediation of PAHs contaminated soil.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Agricultural Soils of the Southern Subtropics,China

The contributions of persistent organic pollutants （POPs） from the subtropical regions of China to pollution of the global environment have been paid great attention; however, little is known about the state of POPs in agricultural ecosystems within these regions of China. This study primarily revealed the state of the contamination and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAH） in agricultural soils in the subtropical regions. 115 surface soils （0-20 cm） were sampled in the breadbaskets of these regions. The concentrations and types of PAH were determined using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 22.1 to 1 256.9 ng g^-1 with a mean of 318.2 ± 148.2 ng g^-1. In general terms, the current PAH concentrations were lower than most PAH levels reported in a number of investigations from different countries and regions. PAH isomer ratios indicated that pyrolytic origins, such as fossil fuel combustion related to vehicle tail gas and industrial emissions, were the dominant sources of PAH in the southern subtropical areas of China. Although PAH concentrations decreased with decreasing pollution, population, and traffic density, to a great extent PAH compositions were similar throughout subtropical soils, with naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and benzo（b）fluoranthene being dominant.

The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients

Objective:The coal-fired pollution in Xuanwei area has been considered to be local main reason for high incidence of female lung cancers.The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, and to explore the relationship between the large number of coal-fired pollution PAHs materials and the high incidence of Xuanwei female lung cancers.Methods:We totally collected each 20 cases of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, Xuanwei male lung cancer patients, non-Xuanwei female lung cancer patients and collected each 10 cases of Xuanwei, non-Xuanwei female patients with benign lung lesions.The cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues and normal lung tissues were collected in lung cancer patients and only the normal tissues were collected in benign lung lesion patients.There were total 80 cases and 200 tissues.Using immunofluorescence, we detected the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in each group.Image pro-plus 6.0 software was used to analyze the images and did part quantified analysis.SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Results:The positive expressions of PAH-DNA adducts in lung cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues and normal lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients were 90%, 80% and 65%, respectively.They were higher than the positive expressions of PAH-DNA adducts in Xuanwei male lung cancer patients (35%, 30% and 30%) and non-Xuanwei female lung cancer patients (20%, 15% and 10%; P<0.01).The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female benign lung lesion patients (70%) was higher than that in non-Xuanwei female benign lung lesion patients (10%).With the direction changing from cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues to normal lung tissues, the expression of PAH-DNA adducts was decreased but had no statistical difference (P>0.05).Conclusion:The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei females was higher than that in Xuanwei males and non-Xuanwei females.

Prevalence of Anti-endothelial Cell Antibodies in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Connective Tissue Diseases

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) in the sera of connective tissue diseases (CTD) patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and its correlation with clinical manifestations. Methods AECAs in sera of 39 CTD patients with PAH,22 CTD patients without PAH,and 10 healthy donors as controls were detected with Western blotting. The prevalence of different AECAs in different groups was compared and its correlation with clinical manifestations was also investigated. Results The prevalence of AECAs was 82.1% in CTD patients with PAH,72.7% in CTD patients without PAH,and 20.0% in healthy donors. Anti-22 kD AECA was only detected in CTD patients with PAH (15.4%). Anti-75 kD AECA was more frequently detected in CTD patients with PAH than in those without PAH (51.3% vs. 22.7%,P<0.05). In CTD patients with PAH,anti-75 kD AECA was more frequently detected in those with Raynaud’s phenomenon or with positive anti-RNP antibody. Conclusion AECAs could be frequently detected in CTD patients with or without PAH,while anti-22 kD and anti-75 kD AECA might be specific in CTD patients with PAH.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation under simulated coal seam pyrolysis conditions

Coal seam pyrolysis occurs during coal seam fires and during underground coal gasification. This is an important source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon （PAH） emission in China. Pyrolysis in a coal seam was simulated in a tubular furnace. The 16 US Environmental Protection Agency priority controlled PAHs were analyzed by HPLC. The effects of temperature, heating rate, pyrolysis atmosphere, and coal size were investigated. The results indicate that the 3-ring PAHs AcP and AcPy are the main species in the pyrolysis gas. The 2-ring NaP and the 4-ring Pyr are also of concern. Increasing temperature caused the total PAH yield to go through a minimum. The lowest value was obtained at the temperature of 600℃. Higher heating rates promote PAH formation, especially formation of the lower molecular weight PAHs. The typical heating rate in a coal seam, 5 ℃/min, results in intermediate yields of PAHs. The total PAHs yield in an atmosphere of N2 is about 1.81 times that seen without added N2, which indicates that an air flow through the coal seam accelerates the formation of PAHs. An increase in coal particle size reduces the total PAHs emission but promotes the formation of 5- and f-ring PAHs.

Performance of PAHs emission from bituminous coal combustion

Carcinogenic and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated in coal combustion have caused great environmental health concern. Seventeen PAHs (16 high priority PAHs recommended by USEPA plus Benzo[e]pyrene) present in five raw bituminous coals and released during bituminous coal combustion were studied. The effects of combustion temperature, gas atmosphere, and chlorine content of raw coal on PAHs formation were investigated. Two additives (copper and cupric oxide) were added when the coal was burned. The results indicated that significant quantities of PAHs were produced from incomplete combustion of coal pyrolysis products at high temperature, and that temperature is an important causative factor of PAHs formation. PAHs concentrations decrease with the increase of chlorine content in oxygen or in nitrogen atmosphere. Copper and cupric oxide additives can promote PAHs formation (especially the multi-ring PAHs) during coal combustion.

Synthesis and Characterization of Condensed Polynuclear Aromatic Resin Derived from Ethylene Tar

As a kind of low-cost and readily available industrial byproduct, ethylene tar （ET） was for the first time utilized for the preparation of heat-resistant condensed polynuclear aromatic resin （COPNAR）. The basic properties of ET and the resulted COPNAR were characterized by FT-IR, IH-NMR, TGA and elemental analysis. The test results showed that ET with high aromatic content （〉50%） was suitable for the synthesis of COPNAR with superior heat resistance. The average molecular structure of ET was obtained by means of the improved Brown-Ladner method, and the reaction mechanism was considered as an acid-catalyzed positive ion-typed polymerization. Our findings have provided a new route to develop ET into technology-added heat-resistant resins.

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Agricultural Soils of Hohhot,China

[Objective] This study was conducted to provide a scientific theoretical ba- sis for pollution forewarning and agricultural planning. [Method] 15 PAHs were stud- ied for pollution characteristics, source analysis and ecological risk assessment at 60 sites in Hohhot farmland. [Result] The results showed that the total contents of 15 PAHs （：EPAHs） in 60 sampling points of Hohhot farmland were in the range of 114-948 ~g/kg, with an average content of 338 pg/kg. According to soil PAH as- sessment standards, more than 70% of soil in Hohhot City was lightly polluted, and there were no heavily-polluted points. The soil of the area was mainly polluted by PAHs with high molecular weights, which accounted for 74% of the total content. The soil in suburban farmland of Hohhot suffered from the heaviest pollution. Quan- titative analysis showed that PAH pollution in Hohhot farmland was mainly from combustion of coal, coke and timber and automotive exhaust emission. [Conclusion] Ecological effect interval method and method of equivalents equivalent to benzo （a） pyrene toxicity benzo [a] pyrene both proved that there is certain potential ecological risk for soil of Hohhot farmland, and PAHs with high molecular weights such as benzo （a） pyrene and dibenzo [a, h] anthracene are main potential pollutants with ecological risk.