In this paper, we took the lead in studying on specificity of the microsatellite DNA loci and applicability of mi crosatellite DNA primers in protozoa. In order to study characters of microsatellites in free living pr...In this paper, we took the lead in studying on specificity of the microsatellite DNA loci and applicability of mi crosatellite DNA primers in protozoa. In order to study characters of microsatellites in free living protozoa, eight microsatellite loci primers developed from Trypanosoma cruzi (MCLE01, SCLE10, MCLE08, SCLE11, MCLF10, MCLG10, MCL03, MCL05) were employed to amplify microsatellite in four free living protozoa, including Bodo designis, Euglena gracilis FACHB848, Paramecium bruzise and Tetrahymena thermophila BF1. In the amplification systems of P. bruzise, four loci (SCLE10, SCLE11, MCLF10, MCL03) were amplified successfully, and four amplification fragments were in proper size. In genome of E. gracilis FACHB848, five of eight primers brought five clear amplification bands. In B. designis, three (No.4, 5 and 7) of eight loci produced clear and sharp products without stutter bands, whereas no bands appeared in T. thermophila BF1. Further, eight 300-500 bp amplification fragments were cloned and sequenced. Nevertheless, all sequenced products did not contain corresponding microsatellite sequence, although Bodo is in the same order and has the nearest phylogenetic relation with Trypanosoma among these four species. Thus, the microsatellite DNA primers can not be applied among order or more far taxa, and the specificity of microsatellite DNA is very high in protozoa. The results of this study will contribute to our understanding of microsatellite DNA in protozoa.展开更多
The participation of polymodal-type receptor (PMR) in the action of acupuncture and moxibustion (A&M) was briefly reviewed and a working hypothesis was proposed. The PMR is known as a kind of nociceptor, and is r...The participation of polymodal-type receptor (PMR) in the action of acupuncture and moxibustion (A&M) was briefly reviewed and a working hypothesis was proposed. The PMR is known as a kind of nociceptor, and is responsive to mechanical (acupuncture), thermal (moxibustion) and chemical stimuli, and its sensory terminals are free nerve endings and exist in various tissues of the entire body. Selective activation of the PMR produced the de-qi sensation (a kind of deep pain) and neurogenic inflammation (flare and wheal), and considered as an input of the endogenous pain inhibition, autonomic, immune and endocrine functions. These characteristics of PMR are in agreement with a possible candidate of A&M. One of the functional characteristics of acupuncture points is its tenderness (ah-shi points) and its close relation to the trigger points. The sensitization of PMR is suggested to be the major cause of formation of trigger points, so if one choose to acupuncture (trigger) points as the treatment loci, the sensitized PMR are activated more easily by gentle A&M procedures and activate various bio-regulatory systems more effectively. Thus, the present PMR hypothesis offers a rational explanation of functional meanings of the acupuncture (tigger) points.展开更多
基金supported financially by the Frontier Science Projects Programme of the Institute of Hydrobiology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.220207)
文摘In this paper, we took the lead in studying on specificity of the microsatellite DNA loci and applicability of mi crosatellite DNA primers in protozoa. In order to study characters of microsatellites in free living protozoa, eight microsatellite loci primers developed from Trypanosoma cruzi (MCLE01, SCLE10, MCLE08, SCLE11, MCLF10, MCLG10, MCL03, MCL05) were employed to amplify microsatellite in four free living protozoa, including Bodo designis, Euglena gracilis FACHB848, Paramecium bruzise and Tetrahymena thermophila BF1. In the amplification systems of P. bruzise, four loci (SCLE10, SCLE11, MCLF10, MCL03) were amplified successfully, and four amplification fragments were in proper size. In genome of E. gracilis FACHB848, five of eight primers brought five clear amplification bands. In B. designis, three (No.4, 5 and 7) of eight loci produced clear and sharp products without stutter bands, whereas no bands appeared in T. thermophila BF1. Further, eight 300-500 bp amplification fragments were cloned and sequenced. Nevertheless, all sequenced products did not contain corresponding microsatellite sequence, although Bodo is in the same order and has the nearest phylogenetic relation with Trypanosoma among these four species. Thus, the microsatellite DNA primers can not be applied among order or more far taxa, and the specificity of microsatellite DNA is very high in protozoa. The results of this study will contribute to our understanding of microsatellite DNA in protozoa.
文摘The participation of polymodal-type receptor (PMR) in the action of acupuncture and moxibustion (A&M) was briefly reviewed and a working hypothesis was proposed. The PMR is known as a kind of nociceptor, and is responsive to mechanical (acupuncture), thermal (moxibustion) and chemical stimuli, and its sensory terminals are free nerve endings and exist in various tissues of the entire body. Selective activation of the PMR produced the de-qi sensation (a kind of deep pain) and neurogenic inflammation (flare and wheal), and considered as an input of the endogenous pain inhibition, autonomic, immune and endocrine functions. These characteristics of PMR are in agreement with a possible candidate of A&M. One of the functional characteristics of acupuncture points is its tenderness (ah-shi points) and its close relation to the trigger points. The sensitization of PMR is suggested to be the major cause of formation of trigger points, so if one choose to acupuncture (trigger) points as the treatment loci, the sensitized PMR are activated more easily by gentle A&M procedures and activate various bio-regulatory systems more effectively. Thus, the present PMR hypothesis offers a rational explanation of functional meanings of the acupuncture (tigger) points.
