Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural populations of Pinus kesiya var. langbinanensis were examined by means of electrophoresis technique. Analysis of 9 enzyme systems including 16 loci showed that ...Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural populations of Pinus kesiya var. langbinanensis were examined by means of electrophoresis technique. Analysis of 9 enzyme systems including 16 loci showed that all the three natural popu-lations of the pine were high in genetic diversity but low in inter-population genetic differentiation. The proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.667, with each locus holding 2.13 alleles, averagely. The average expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.288 and 0.197, respectively. The gene differentiation among populations was 0.052, but the mean genetic distance was only 0.015.展开更多
细菌素是某些细菌产生的具有抗菌活性的多肽、蛋白质或蛋白质复合物（EntianKDetal，1996），最早由Jacob和其合作者于1953年提出。细菌素不同于青霉素等抗生素，它是多肽或蛋白质；此外，传统的多肽抗生素是由细胞多酶复合体催化形成...细菌素是某些细菌产生的具有抗菌活性的多肽、蛋白质或蛋白质复合物（EntianKDetal，1996），最早由Jacob和其合作者于1953年提出。细菌素不同于青霉素等抗生素，它是多肽或蛋白质；此外，传统的多肽抗生素是由细胞多酶复合体催化形成的，不存在结构基因（Ralph W et al，1995），而细菌素有基因编码，展开更多
The robustness ofA. awamori and A. oryzae as enzyme producers is exploited in fungal fermentation on agricultural solid waste. High-level production of extracellular glucoamylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase has ...The robustness ofA. awamori and A. oryzae as enzyme producers is exploited in fungal fermentation on agricultural solid waste. High-level production of extracellular glucoamylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase has been achieved. Three different types of ＇waste＇ solids （wheat bran, soybean hulls and rapeseed meal） have been used in studies of solid state fermentation （SSF）. The enzymes could be produced in significant levels by continuously supplying oxygen （02） through the tray system known as ＂closed＂ and ＂opened＂ tray systems. A perforated tray system was developed in this study that permits direct access to 02. Testing the tray system with different perforated mesh aperture sizes in this study did not yield different results in growth performance of A. awamori and A. oryzae. A. awamori and A. oryzae can be very versatile in producing various enzymes with different substrates with different starch, protein, hemiceilulose and cellulose contents. These studies indicate that A. awamori is more suitable for the efficient production of multiple enzymes in the closed system including xylanase and cellulase, while the production of glucoamylase and protease is superior in the opened system. A. oryzae is more suitable for the efficient production of protease and cellulase in the closed system, while the production of protease is more favourable the opened system. A. awamori efficiently consumed starch in wheat bran medium and produced very high glucoamylase activity, and after that, the fungus efficiently produced other enzymes to degrade other complex nutrients such as protein, hemicellulose and cellulose. Meanwhile, A. oryzae efficiently consumed protein in rapeseed meal and produced very high protease activity. The ability of both filamentous fungi, to convert biomass through SSF bioconversion will have a great impact on food and agro-industry in every aspect of life from food and medicine to fuel.展开更多
基金his article was supported by the Natural Science Founda-tion of Yunnan Province (No.98C017Q).
文摘Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural populations of Pinus kesiya var. langbinanensis were examined by means of electrophoresis technique. Analysis of 9 enzyme systems including 16 loci showed that all the three natural popu-lations of the pine were high in genetic diversity but low in inter-population genetic differentiation. The proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.667, with each locus holding 2.13 alleles, averagely. The average expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.288 and 0.197, respectively. The gene differentiation among populations was 0.052, but the mean genetic distance was only 0.015.
文摘细菌素是某些细菌产生的具有抗菌活性的多肽、蛋白质或蛋白质复合物（EntianKDetal，1996），最早由Jacob和其合作者于1953年提出。细菌素不同于青霉素等抗生素，它是多肽或蛋白质；此外，传统的多肽抗生素是由细胞多酶复合体催化形成的，不存在结构基因（Ralph W et al，1995），而细菌素有基因编码，
文摘The robustness ofA. awamori and A. oryzae as enzyme producers is exploited in fungal fermentation on agricultural solid waste. High-level production of extracellular glucoamylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase has been achieved. Three different types of ＇waste＇ solids （wheat bran, soybean hulls and rapeseed meal） have been used in studies of solid state fermentation （SSF）. The enzymes could be produced in significant levels by continuously supplying oxygen （02） through the tray system known as ＂closed＂ and ＂opened＂ tray systems. A perforated tray system was developed in this study that permits direct access to 02. Testing the tray system with different perforated mesh aperture sizes in this study did not yield different results in growth performance of A. awamori and A. oryzae. A. awamori and A. oryzae can be very versatile in producing various enzymes with different substrates with different starch, protein, hemiceilulose and cellulose contents. These studies indicate that A. awamori is more suitable for the efficient production of multiple enzymes in the closed system including xylanase and cellulase, while the production of glucoamylase and protease is superior in the opened system. A. oryzae is more suitable for the efficient production of protease and cellulase in the closed system, while the production of protease is more favourable the opened system. A. awamori efficiently consumed starch in wheat bran medium and produced very high glucoamylase activity, and after that, the fungus efficiently produced other enzymes to degrade other complex nutrients such as protein, hemicellulose and cellulose. Meanwhile, A. oryzae efficiently consumed protein in rapeseed meal and produced very high protease activity. The ability of both filamentous fungi, to convert biomass through SSF bioconversion will have a great impact on food and agro-industry in every aspect of life from food and medicine to fuel.
