多隔间车辆路径优化问题的局部搜索混合果蝇优化算法求解

为解决智能物流中多隔间车辆的路径优化问题,在标准混合果蝇优化算法的基础上,加入局部搜索以提高算法的搜索能力,通过确定每辆车所访问的客户以及访问的先后顺序形成车辆路径。数值对比实验表明,优化后的方法能显著改善多隔间车辆路径优化问题的求解质量,改善比例优于15%。

多隔间车辆路径问题研究综述

随着不能混装货物需要同时进行配送要求的出现,以及现代物流中待运产品多样性特征的产生,多隔间车辆路径问题(MCVRP)于近年来逐渐受到关注。文章首先归纳了多隔间车辆路径问题的应用场景,并阐述了每种场景下使用多隔间车辆运输不相容货物的优点。然后,根据问题特征,对多隔间车辆路径问题研究进行归纳分类并就每类研究问题分别予以综述。最后,针对多隔间车辆路径问题在当前形势下面临的新挑战进行展望,并提出五个新的研究方向。

基于PyroSim的核电厂多隔间火灾情景详细火灾模拟分析

根据国家核安全局的要求,国内在建核电厂应进行全范围概率安全分析(PSA),其中包括火灾PSA,而详细火灾模拟分析是火灾PSA的重要环节。详细火灾模拟分析常用FDTs经验公式计算房间内烟气层的温度和起火源损坏范围从而判断目标物是否损坏,但无法计算目标物所在位置的温度;当防火空间内隔间数量较多,且上下层房间设有开口连通时,使用经验公式无法体现各相邻隔间的火势发展情况,无法分析烟气蔓延路径。针对此类复杂的房间分布特点,结合某核电厂实际火灾模拟分析工作,以某防火小区001A为实例,使用PyroSim对其进行详细火灾模拟分析,可得到烟气聚集情况和烟气蔓延路径,得出目标物在发生火灾后的温度变化曲线,从而确定目标物损坏情况,并总结了水喷淋启动对目标物所在位置的温度影响和电缆作为二次可燃物对目标物的影响。

多隔间卧式酸解槽在烟气脱硫系统中的应用

对比了两种酸解工艺，突出了多隔间卧式酸解槽的先进性；重点介绍了多隔间卧式酸解槽的结构特征。

MEDIASTINAL CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA:REPORT OF ONE CASE

MEDIASTINAL cavernous hemangioma is a kind of primary mediastinal mesenchymal tumor that occurs rarely in any age. It was first reported by Shennon in 1914. In this study we reported a case of mediastinal cavernous hemangioma with abnormal vessel originating from left brachiocephalic vein.

Estimating the Turbulence Characteristics in the Bottom Boundary Layer of Monterey Canyon

From April 24 to October 25, 2011, an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter （ADV） continually running for 185 d was mounted on the smooth ridge at the edge of Monterey Canyon to observe turbulence in the bottom boundary layer. The ADV was set at 1.4 m above the bed bottom, continuously run for 1 min with a 2-minute interval with sampling frequency 64 Hz. The long-time continual observation is significant to reveal variations of turbulent characteristics and show some differences from the classic traditional tur- bulent theory. Eliminating the noise by the ＇Phase-Space Thresholding Method＇, rotating the coordinate and low-pass filtering the velocity were applied for data processing. This paper was mainly to estimate the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate by the iner- tial dissipation method, friction velocity, drag coefficient and significant periods of the turbulent characteristics with the ADV data. The results show that there is a strong, rotating bottom flow up to 0.398 ms-1 with predominantly semidiumal period and less sig- nificantly diurnal and semilunar period. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate ranges from 1.09× 10-8W kg-1 to 6.62× 10-8W kg-1, which can vary with 2 or 3 orders of magnitude in one day. The daily averaged variations of friction velocity and drag coeffi- cient are 6.50×10-3-2.32× 10-2ms-1 and 6.30×10-3-4.36×10-2, respectively. All the characteristics have a remarkable semidiurnal period. In the bottom boundary layer with a rotating tide, the parameterized coefficients to describe ε-μ. and ε-Et relationships are much smaller than the traditional value.

Molecular Characterization of Indian Species of Steinernema （Nematoda： Steinernematidae） Based on Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Profile of Internal Transcribed Spacer Region of Ribosomal DNA

Restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） profiles of the amplified products of Internal Transcribed Spacer （ITS） region of rDNA using four restriction enzymes （Alul, Rsal, HinfI and HhaI） revealed distinctness of six Indian isolates of Steinernema one each from Maharashtra （IARI-EPN-mh）, Himachal Pradesh （IARI-EPN-hp）, Dehradun （IARI-EPN-dhdl）, Jharkhand （IARI-EPN-jhl） and two from Madhya Pradesh （IARI-EPN-bpll ＆ IARI-EPN-gwll）, when compared with the only native species Steinernema thermophilum. One of the restriction enzyme, Rsal could differentiate all the six species/strains from one another. The three restriction enzymes yielded patterns which were of diagnostic value but Rsal appeared to be the best diagnostic marker for differentiating these isolates. A tree constructed based upon the band sharing amongst the isolates, produced trichotomy which placed strains from Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand in one group showing 94% homology, one strain from Bhopal （M.P） formed separate clade along with S. thermophilum with 72% similarity. These isolates, from Maharashtra, Himachal Pradesh and Dehradun, showed only 51% similarity with the S. thermophilum by forming separate clade.

Multi-Mode Resource Constrained Project Scheduling Models for Progress and Equal Time Interval Payments

This study utilizes a time-precedence network technique to construct two models of multi-mode resource constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows （MRCPSPDCF）, individually including the progress payment （PP） and the payment at an equal time interval （ETI）. The objective of each model is to maximize the net present value （NPV） for all cash flows in the project, subject to the related operational constraints. The models are characterized as NP-hard. A heuristic algorithm, coupled with two upper bound solutions, is proposed to efficiently solve the models and evaluate the heuristic algorithm performance which was not performed in past studies. The results show that the performance of proposed models and heuristic algorithm is good.

Development of a large-scale isolation chamber system for the safe and humane care of medium-sized laboratory animals harboring infectious diseases

The close phylogenetic relationship between humans and non-human primates makes non-human primates an irreplaceable model for the study of human infectious diseases.In this study,we describe the development of a large-scale automatic multi-functional isolation chamber for use with medium-sized laboratory animals carrying infectious diseases.The isolation chamber,including the transfer chain,disinfection chain,negative air pressure isolation system,animal welfare system,and the automated system,is designed to meet all biological safety standards.To create an internal chamber environment that is completely isolated from the exterior,variable frequency drive blowers are used in the air-intake and air-exhaust system,precisely controlling the filtered air flow and providing an air-barrier protection.A double door transfer port is used to transfer material between the interior of the isolation chamber and the outside.A peracetic acid sterilizer and its associated pipeline allow for complete disinfection of the isolation chamber.All of the isolation chamber parameters can be automatically controlled by a programmable computerized menu,allowing for work with different animals in different-sized cages depending on the research project.The large-scale multi-functional isolation chamber provides a useful and safe system for working with infectious medium-sized laboratory animals in high-level bio-safety laboratories.

Max-margin based Bayesian classifier

There is a tradeoff between generalization capability and computational overhead in multi-class learning. We propose a generative probabilistic multi-class classifier, considering both the generalization capability and the learning/prediction rate. We show that the classifier has a max-margin property. Thus, prediction on future unseen data can nearly achieve the same performance as in the training stage. In addition, local variables are eliminated, which greatly simplifies the optimization problem. By convex and probabilistic analysis, an efficient online learning algorithm is developed. The algorithm aggregates rather than averages dualities, which is different from the classical situations. Empirical results indicate that our method has a good generalization capability and coverage rate.

Interval Neutrosophic Prioritized OWA Operator and Its Application to Multiple Attribute Decision Making

On the basis of prioritized aggregated operator and prioritized ordered weighted average(POWA)operator,in this paper,the authors further present interval neutrosophic prioritized ordered weighted aggregation(INPOWA)operator with respect to interval neutrosophic numbers(INNs).Firstly,the definition,operational laws,characteristics,expectation and comparative method of INNs are introduced.Then,the INPOWA operator is developed,and some properties of the operator are analyzed.Furthermore,based on the INPOWA operator and the comparative formula of the INNs,an approach to decision making with INNs is established.Finally,an illustrative example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.

AN INTERVAL METHOD FOR STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AUSTRALIAN DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE AND THE GOLD PRICE

This paper proposes an interval method to explore the relationship between the exchange rate of Australian dollar against US dollar and the gold price, using weekly, monthly and quarterly data. With the interval method, interval sample data are formed to present the volatility of variables. The ILS approach is extended to multi-model estimation and the computational schemes are provided. The empirical evidence suggests that the ILS estimates well characterize how the exchange rate relates to the gold price, both in the long-run and short-run. The comparison between the interval and point methods indicates that the difference between the OLS and the ILS estimates is increasing from weekly data to quarterly data, since the lowest frequency point data lost the most information of volatility.

Event-Triggered Consensus for Multiple Nonholonomic Systems

The paper investigates the consensus problem of multiple nonholonomic systems. Two event-triggered control strategies, one centralized and the other distributed, are developed, which can reduce the frequency of control updating. Under the proposed protocols, the multiple nonholonomic systems can achieve consensus, and the bound of inter-event time intervals is provided to illustrate that no Zeno behavior exists. Finally, numerical simulations are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies.

Plasma draining and replenishing near a solar active region inferred from cross-correlation between radiation intensity and Doppler shift

Using observations from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer （EIS） onboard Hinode, we exam the plasma dynamics around the edge of the active region 10977, possibly associated with the source of nascent slow/intermediate solar wind. The correlation between the temporal profiles of the radiation intensity and Doppler shift for each emission line are analyzed. And three small regions with positive correlations for all the five emission lines are selected for a detailed analysis. In this work, Doppler blue （red） shift is defined as negative （positive）. We find that in Region 1, the radiation intensity （Doppler velocity） decreases by about 15% （about 3 km s-X）, and logarithmical differential emission measures （lg（DEMs）） reduces by about 0.06-0.10% at all temperatures, called ＂weak dimming＂, during a 30-min interval. In Region 2 and Region 3, however, the radiation intensity （Doppler velocity） increases by about 15% （about 3 km s-l）, and lg（DEMs） increases by about 0.06%~0.10% at all tempera- tures, called ＂weak brightening＂. Such weak dimming （weak brightening） could reflect a slow draining （replenishing） of plas- ma in the solar wind flux tubes, possibly due to a larger （smaller） outflow flux at high altitude than at low altitude. These sug- gest that the plasma supply could be intermittent with an alternation of draining and replenishing, for which the underlying physical process is yet unknown, at the source region of slow/intermediate solar wind.

Development characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning with multiple grounding points

Using the optical images of a cloud-to-ground lightning flash with multiple grounding points obtained by a highspeed video system in the Qinghai Province of China along with synchronous radiated electric field information, the propagation characteristic and the electric field change features of the leaders and the grounding behavior of discharge channels are analyzed.In addition, the two-dimensional velocity of the leader was estimated and its correlation with the time interval of the corresponding subsequent return stroke, and that with the peak current of return stroke are investigated. The results show that the average distance between the three obvious grounded points of the first return stroke channel is about 512.7 m, and the average time interval between the pulses of the corresponding electric field fast changes is 3.8 μs. Further, the average time interval between electric field pulses from the stepped leader is smaller than that of normal single grounding lightning. The observed lightning in our study has two main channels, namely the left and right channels. Based on our observations, it is clear that the dart leader comes close to the ground in case of the left channel after the first return stroke, but it fails to form a return stroke.However, the right channel exhibits a relatively rare phenomenon in that the subsequent return stroke R2 occurred about 2.1 ms after the dart leader arrived at the ground, which was unusually long; this phenomenon might be attributed to the strong discharge of the first return stroke and insufficient charge accumulation near the grounded point in a timely manner. The two-dimensional velocities for the stepped leader of the two main channels are about 1.23×105 and 1.16×105 m s-1, respectively. A sub-branch of stepped leader for the left channel fails to reach the ground and develops into an attempt leader eventually; this might be attributed to the fact that the main branch connects considerably many sub-branches, which leads to the instantaneous decline of the potential difference between the sub-branch and ground. Furthermore, it might also be because the propagation direction of this sub-branch is almost perpendicular to the atmospheric electric field direction, which is not conducive to charge transfer. The two-dimensional velocities for the dart leaders of five subsequent return strokes are all in the normal range, and they positively correlate with the peak current of the subsequent return stroke.

Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Interevent Time Series in a Modified OFC Model

We use multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis （MF-DFA） method to investigate the multifractal behavior of the interevent time series in a modified Olami-Feder-Christensen （OFC） earthquake model on assortative scale-free networks. We determine generalized Hurst exponent and singularity spectrum and find that these fluctuations have multifraetal nature. Comparing the MF-DFA results for the original interevent time series with those for shuffled and surrogate series, we conclude that the origin of multifractality is due to both the broadness of probability density function and long-range correlation.