运动员跨项选材的国际经验和科学探索

运动员选材与培养是国际竞技体育成功的重要构成因素,各国为此投入了大量的人力、物力和财力。针对多个国家和多个运动项目的回顾性和跟踪性研究显示,基于刻意练习理论的传统运动员选材与培养所提倡的"早选材、早定项、早成才"并不能确保运动员在成年阶段取得成功。与此同时,竞技体育领域越来越多的成功案例显示,成年高水平运动员具有早期多项和晚定项的特点,一些运动员甚至通过跨项在新的运动项目上实现了运动水平的快速提升。为此,一些为了遏制奥运成绩下滑和/或实现奥运会主场出彩的国家在总结运动员无组织跨项成才经验的基础上,尝试实施了有组织的跨项选材。跨项选材是指以培养运动员快速达到世界水平(参赛或夺牌)为目的,从其他运动项目中选拔已经达到一定训练水平的,且具有新项目所需的先天能力和/或后天经验(如技能和心理能力)的运动员进入一个新的运动项目,并为这些运动员提供政策、训练、科研、教育、生活等全方位保障的一个有组织的选拔和培养过程。我国在竞技体育体制机制改革和奥运备战形势紧迫的大背景下,一方面,可以通过实施跨项选材为北京2022冬奥会及之后的奥运会快速培养高水平运动员,另一方面,借由跨项选材的实施也可对我国现有运动员选材与培养体系进行进一步完善。我国近年来逐步开展了运动员跨项选材工作,但在借鉴、摸索和创新过程中仍需进一步加强科学性和系统性。

OFDM blind channel estimation based on polynomial models

A two-dimensional （2-D） polynomial regression model is set up to approximate the time-frequency response of slowly time-varying orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. With this model the estimation of the OFDM time-frequency response is turned into the optimization of some time-invariant model parameters. A new algorithm based on the expectation-maximization （EM） method is proposed to obtain the maximum-likelihood （ML） estimation of the polynomial model parameters over the 2-D observed data. At the same time, in order to reduce the complexity and avoid the computation instability, a novel recursive approach （RPEMTO） is given to calculate the values of the parameters. It is further shown that this 2-D polynomial EM-based algorithm for time-varying OFDM （PEMTO） can be simplified mathematically to handle the one-dimensional sequential estimation. Simulations illustrate that the proposed algorithms achieve a lower bit error rate （BER） than other blind algorithms.

信用社经营谋略初探

（一）要实施符合自身特点的经营谋略。 当前,社会主义商品经济日益发展,经济秩序逐步确立。农村信用社的外部经营环境已经或正在发生重大的变化,社会上民间借贷以各种不同的形式日趋活跃,社会集资亦普遍兴起。国家专业银行企业化改革也在加快进程,新的合作金融组织不断涌现,一个竞争性的金融机制正在逐步建立。在这激烈竞争的形势面前。农村信用社如何根据自身的特点。采取科学的经营谋略是当前信用社面临生存与发展的重大难题。在信用社经营方面如果谋略确定得科学而且运用得当。信用社就能立于不败之地。反之就会困难重重,甚至遭到跨台的危险。因此信用社要根据自身“三性”的特点,扬长避短,群策群力,在服从国家金融方针政策的情况下,采取正确的经营谋略,以求在竞争中取胜,在治理整顿中得到健康的稳定发展。

基于模糊数据理论的矿产资源地质勘查结果分析

矿产资源地质勘查结果内含有多项量化的数据,在实际分析时,全面性不足,为此采用模糊数据理论,研究一种矿产资源地质勘查结果分析方法.采用抽样调查的方式获取某地的地质勘查数据,利用模糊数据理论分析勘探实务部门,以不同层级的勘查部门为出发点,探析勘查过程中存在的问题,结合勘查结果各个方向的参数,构建勘查结果的竞争力,最终完成对基于模糊数据理论的矿产资源地质勘查结果分析.

儿童青少年早期运动发展模式研究

竞技人才贮备是竞技体育的重要基础,众多体育项目后备人才青黄不接是我国在迈向竞技体育强国道路上的一道屏障,我国竞技人才早期培养模式以及运动员长期发展的问题亟待解决。本文采用文献资料法对国际儿童青少年发展模式以及精英运动员的回顾性调查研究发现,早期专项化与早期多项化都各有其利弊,而青少年早期的整合性神经肌肉训练对于提高儿童青少年综合运动能力和损伤预防具有不可替代的积极价值。

CALCULATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARABOLIC STABILITY EQUATIONS

Two dimensional parabolic stability equations (PSE) are numerically solved using expansions in orthogonal functions in the normal direction.The Chebyshev polynomials approximation,which is a very useful form of orthogonal expansions, is applied to solving parabolic stability equations. It is shown that results of great accuracy are effectively obtained.The availability of using Chebyshev approximations in parabolic stability equations is confirmed.

Quadratic investigation of geochemical distribution by backward elimination approach at Glojeh epithermal Au(Ag)-polymetallic mineralization, NW Iran

The correspondence analysis will describe elemental association accompanying an indicator samples.This analysis indicates strong mineralization of Ag,As,Pb,Te,Mo,Au,Zn and to a lesser extent S,W,Cu at Glojeh polymetallic mineralization,NW Iran.This work proposes a backward elimination approach(BEA)that quantitatively predicts the Au concentration from main effects(X),quadratic terms(X2)and the first order interaction(Xi×Xj)of Ag,Cu,Pb,and Zn by initialization,order reduction and validation of model.BEA is done based on the quadratic model(QM),and it was eliminated to reduced quadratic model(RQM)by removing insignificant predictors.During the QM optimization process,overall convergence trend of R2,R2(adj)and R2(pred)is obvious,corresponding to increase in the R2(pred)and decrease of R2.The RQM consisted of(threshold value,Cu,Ag×Cu,Pb×Zn,and Ag2-Pb2)and(Pb,Ag×Cu,Ag×Pb,Cu×Zn,Pb×Zn,and Ag2)as main predictors of optimized model according to288and679litho-samples in trenches and boreholes,respectively.Due to the strong genetic effects with Au mineralization,Pb,Ag2,and Ag×Pb are important predictors in boreholes RQM,while the threshold value is known as an important predictor in the trenches model.The RQMs R2(pred)equal74.90%and60.62%which are verified by R2equal to73.9%and60.9%in the trenches and boreholes validation group,respectively.

Behavioural Response of Anacanthotermes ochraceus towards Some Baits and Volatile Oils

Six types of termites＇ baits （cartoon, rough tissues, soft toilet tissues, acacia wood, saw dust of building wood and sackcloth） were elicited variable degree of attraction toward Anacanthotermes ochaceus, where the best one was cardboard, followed by soft and rough toilet tissue at mono-choice and multiple-choice tests. Chemical analysis showed that there were variations in the chemical constituents （lignin, cellulose, N, H and C） of the six baits studied. On the other hand, olfactory reactions of harvester termites toward eight volatile oils （four natural medical plants and four commercial terpines） were repellent, but the most repellent one was cineol and the least one was clove oil. The most tested oils were caused inhibition in feeding, except cedar wood. The most toxic oils were cineol followed by thymol.

Effect of Polynomial Expressed Distribution Dust Particles for Unmagnetized Two-Ion-Temperature Dusty Plasma

Linear dispersion relation for linear wave and a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation for nonlinearwave are given for the unmagnetized two-ion-temperature cold dusty plasma with many different dust grain species.The numerical results of variations of linear dispersion with respect to the different dust size distribution are given.Moreover,how the amplitude,width,and propagation velocity of solitary wave vary vs different dust size distribution isalso studied numerically in this paper.

New Exact Traveling Wave Solutions for Compound KdV-Type Equation with Nonlinear Terms of Any Order

The compound KdV-type equation with nonlinear terms of any order is reduced to the integral form. Using the complete discrimination system for polynomial, its all possible exact traveling wave solutions are obtained. Among those, a lot of solutions are new.

Binary Bell Polynomials,Bilinear Approach to Exact Periodic Wave Solutions of(2+l)-Dimensional Nonlinear Evolution Equations

In the present letter, we get the appropriate bilinear forms of （2 ＋ 1）-dimensional KdV equation, extended （2 ＋ 1）-dimensional shallow water wave equation and （2 ＋ 1）-dimensional Sawada -Kotera equation in a quick and natural manner, namely by appling the binary Bell polynomials. Then the Hirota direct method and Riemann theta function are combined to construct the periodic wave solutions of the three types nonlinear evolution equations. And the corresponding figures of the periodic wave solutions are given. Furthermore, the asymptotic properties of the periodic wave solutions indicate that the soliton solutions can be derived from the periodic wave solutions.

Regenerative Strategy for Sum-rate Enhancement in Bi-directional Three-node Cooperation

In bi-directional three-node cooperation, one regenerative strategy with network coding and power optimization is proposed for system sum-rate under a total energy constraint. In this paper, the network coding and power optimization are applied to improve system sum-rate. But max-rain optimization problem in power allocation is a NP-hard problem. In high Signal-to-Noise Ratio regime, this NP-hard problem is transformed into constrained polynomial optimization problem, which can be computed in polynomial time. Although it is a suboptimal solution, numerical simulations show that this strategy enhances the system sum-rate up to 45% as compared to a traditional four-phase strategy, and up to 13% as compared to the three-phase strategy without power optimization.

A polynomial Expansion Method and New General Solitary Wave Solutions to KS Equation

Using a polynomial expansion method, the general exact solitary wave solution and singular one areconstructed for the non-linear KS equation. This approach is obviously applicable to a large variety of nonlinear evolution equation.

Community Mediation in Malaysia： A Comparison Between Rukun Tetangga and Community Mediation in Singapore

Malaysia is a multicultural, multireligious, and multiethnic country that is located in Southeast Asia. The social background of Malaysia as a multicultural state calls for the adoption of an alternative method to resolve community dispute which would offer solution and simultaneously promote harmonization in the society. Community mediation may be one of such alternative, if not the best method for interethnic relations. The government of Malaysia has introduced community mediation in Malaysia by providing training for community mediators through a pilot program, known as Rukun Tetangga （Peaceful Neighbor）. The purpose of this program is to promote unity among the multi-races and multiethnic citizens. This paper will refer to the current practice of community mediation in Malaysia as provided by the National Unity Department in Peninsula Malaysia and the practice of community mediation in Singapore. It is hoped that by comparing the practices in both countries, suggestions and recommendations could be made to improve the practice of community mediation in Malaysia.

Modeling and Optimization of Catalytic Dehydration of Ethanol to Ethylene Using Central Composite Design

The central composite design in the modeling and optimization of catalytic dehydration of ethanol to ethylene was performed to improve the ethylene yield.A total of 20 experiments at random were conducted to investigate the effect of reaction temperature,Si/Al ratios of H-ZSM-5 catalyst and liquid hourly space velocity(LHSV) on the ethylene yield.The results show that the relationship between ethylene yield and the three significant independent variables can be approximated by a nonlinear polynomial model,with R-squared of 99.9%and adjusted R-squared of 99.8%.The maximal response for ethylene yield is 93.4%under the optimal condition of 328 ℃,Si/Al ratio 85,and LHSV 3.8 h-1.

Designing Bézier surfaces minimizing the L^2-norm of the Gaussian curvature

In freeform surface modelling, developable surfaces have much application value. But, in 3D space, there is not always a regular developable surface which interpolates the given boundary of an arbitrary piecewise smooth closed curve. In this paper, tensor product Bézier surfaces interpolating the closed curves are determined and the resulting surface is a minimum of the functional defined by the L2-integral norm of the Gaussian curvature. The Gaussian curvature of the surfaces is minimized by the method of solving nonlinear optimization problems. An improved approach trust-region form method is proposed. A simple application example is also given.

Lactic Acid Production from Longan Juice （Euphora Iongana Lam.） by Crude Pectin of Immobilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus TISTRI08

L-（＋）-lactic acid production was studied by immobilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus TISTR108 on crude pectin from Krung Kha Mao （Cissampelospareira L.） leaves. Central composite design was employed to determine the maximum lactic acid production of 45.40 g/L in predicted model （Y = 43.98 - 2.43X1 ＋ 1.02X2 ＋ 2.96X3 - 8.72X1^2 - 3.99X2^2 - 1.74X3^2） with the factors at 5.9 of cultural medium pH, 37.6 ℃ of process temperature and 202 rpm of liquid agitation. Statistical analyses demonstrated very high significance for the regression model fitted the data adequately and explained the lactic acid production, since the F-value computed 54.89 was much higher than the tabulated F-value 2.08 for the lactic acid production at 5% level for linear and quadratic polynomial regression models. The highest experimental lactic acid production was 46.91 g/L at 72 h of fermentation.

Some Discussions on Parallel Bounded Batch Scheduling to Minimize the Sum of Squared Machine Loads

We sttidy the problem of scheduling n jobs on m parallel bounded batch machines to minimize the sum of squared machine loads. Each batch contains at most B jobs, and the processing time of a batch is equal to the longest processing time of the jobs in this batch. We prove this problem to be NP-hard. Furthermore, we present a polynomial time approximation scheme （PTAS） and a fully polynomial time approximation scheme （FPTAS） for this problem.

Financial Modeling of Accounting Costs Acquisition of Arms

In case of restrictive defense budget financing, efficient and effective use of funds is now more than ever becoming a crucial question in functioning of the Ministry of Defense and Serbian Armed Forces （MoD and SAF）. Any investment in acquisition of arms and military equipment （AME） due to financial significance does not allow mistakes in decision making. Qualitative analysis of cost of assets through the entire programmed lifecycle is a complex multi-disciplinary and multi-criteria problem whose solving requires application of the model multi-criteria optimization. In our operational practice thus far, solving the said problems there wasn＇t enough the model multi-criteria optimization so the optimal results were lacking. In this paper investment process of AME in the MoD and SAF was analyzed, from the point of cost treatment in the process, its flaws have been pointed out and a more comprehensive - integrated approach has been suggested.

The Degenerate Form of the Adomian Polynomials in the Power Series Method for Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations

In this paper, we propose a new variation of the Adomian polynomials, which we call the degenerate Adomian polynomials, for the power series solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with nonseparable nonlinearities. We establish efficient algorithms for the degenerate Adomian polynomials. Next we compare the results by the Adomian decomposition method using the classic Adomian polynomials with the results by the Rach-Adomian-Meyers modified decomposition method incorporating the degenerate Adomian polynomials, which itself has been shown to be a confluence of the Adomian decomposition method and the power series method. Convergence acceleration techniques including the diagonal Pade approximants are considered, and new numeric algorithms for the multistage decomposition are deduced using the degenerate Adomian polynomials. Our new technique provides a significant advantage for automated calculations when computing the power series form of the solution for nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Several expository examples are investigated to demonstrate its reliability and efficiency.