[Objective] The aim was to explore the morphological characteristics of ovum from Spodoptera exigua and Heliothis assulta.[Method]The ultra morphological characteristics of ovum was observed with scanning electron mic...[Objective] The aim was to explore the morphological characteristics of ovum from Spodoptera exigua and Heliothis assulta.[Method]The ultra morphological characteristics of ovum was observed with scanning electron microscope（SEM）.[Result]The ova from S.exigua and H.assulta are all spheroid,the former has net line decoration on surface,with some aeropyle distributed on the net line decoration;the micropyle is located in the center of polar and has plum flower-like engraving;the surface of chorion of the latter has the parallel crowns through two polar.Between the parallel crown,the surface of chorion has the decorated trapezium line,all crowns of second polar zone have breast-tuber that distributes in parallel at the same latitude in line,and there is no aeropyle distributing on chorion.[Conclusion] The ultra morphological characteristics of the ova from two Noctuidae species showed significant difference to each other,which enriched ontogenesis data and also provided reference for the accurate identification of two kinds of ova.展开更多
Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD3o： 3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on sper...Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD3o： 3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on spermatogenesis in the adults of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.）. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to the newly-ecdysed fifth-instars ofS. litura under laboratory conditions. The secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm and eupyrene sperm bundles were present in testis of newly emerged, 1 and 2 day-old adults, but gradually decreased in their numbers in the controls. However, the spermatogonia were not present in newly emerged, 1 and 2 day-old adults. Moreover, primary spermatocytes were present （174 ± 4.0） in newly emerged adults, but not found in 1 and 2 day-old adults. In the testes of newly emerged LD10-treated adults, the numbers of eupyrene and apyrene sperm bundles were significantly reduced compared with controls, and even significantly reduced in LD30-treated adults compared with LDlo, however, their ratios were not affected. Moreover, the pattern of spermatogenesis was the same in LD10- and LD30-treated male adults compared with controls. Furthermore, numbers of developing spermatocytes were significantly reduced in the LD10 compared with controls, and even significantly reduced in LD30-treated male adults compared with LD10. In newly emerged adults, the width and length of elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were significantly reduced in LDlo- and more significantly reduced in LD30-treated compared with controls of S. litura. In vas deferens of untreated pre- and newly emerged adult male, both eupyrene and apyrene sperm bundles were found, however, in treated pre-adult male, only apyrene sperm bundles and in treated newly emerged adult male, fe, w eupyrene and numerous apyrene sperm bundles were found. It is concluded that spermatogenesis was significantly affected by chlorfluazuron.展开更多
This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of diurnal temperature fluctuations on seed germination of Pistacia vera L. The seeds of Badami-e-Zarand and Sarakhs cultivars were treated with the f...This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of diurnal temperature fluctuations on seed germination of Pistacia vera L. The seeds of Badami-e-Zarand and Sarakhs cultivars were treated with the following temperatures： T1 = 24 hr at 25℃, T2= 16 hr at 25 ℃ ＋ 8 hr at 10 ℃, T3= 12 hr at 25 ℃ ＋ 12 hr at 10℃ and T4= 8 hr at 25℃ ＋ 16 hr at 10℃. The germination percentage was increased by diurnal temperature fluctuations, however all of treatments extended MTG compared to control （T1）. Temperature affected the quality of roots, in a matter that high constant temperature resulted in dichotomous （forked） roots during seed germination of pistachio. The response of cultivars was different in this case, so that, Badami-e-Zarand had higher dichotomous root percentage. This disorder can be decreased by diurnal temperature fluctuation.展开更多
The meiotic process in Noctiluca scintillans were observed under light microscope. Some abnormal cell divisions, incompletely separated "zoospores" and the changes of the zoospores are described in this pape...The meiotic process in Noctiluca scintillans were observed under light microscope. Some abnormal cell divisions, incompletely separated "zoospores" and the changes of the zoospores are described in this paper. Together with the findings of field samplings and the previous results by other researchers, the process of meiosis in N. scintillans was supposed to be a pathway to reduce the extra high density of NH 3-N within the cell in order to ensure normal population growth.展开更多
基金Supported by National Trades(Agriculture)Scientific Research Special Foundation(200803007)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore the morphological characteristics of ovum from Spodoptera exigua and Heliothis assulta.[Method]The ultra morphological characteristics of ovum was observed with scanning electron microscope（SEM）.[Result]The ova from S.exigua and H.assulta are all spheroid,the former has net line decoration on surface,with some aeropyle distributed on the net line decoration;the micropyle is located in the center of polar and has plum flower-like engraving;the surface of chorion of the latter has the parallel crowns through two polar.Between the parallel crown,the surface of chorion has the decorated trapezium line,all crowns of second polar zone have breast-tuber that distributes in parallel at the same latitude in line,and there is no aeropyle distributing on chorion.[Conclusion] The ultra morphological characteristics of the ova from two Noctuidae species showed significant difference to each other,which enriched ontogenesis data and also provided reference for the accurate identification of two kinds of ova.
文摘Chlorfluazuron is an insect growth regulator for controlling the major insect pests in crops. This paper describes the effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng/larva; LD3o： 3.75 ng/larva） of chlorfluazuron on spermatogenesis in the adults of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.）. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to the newly-ecdysed fifth-instars ofS. litura under laboratory conditions. The secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm and eupyrene sperm bundles were present in testis of newly emerged, 1 and 2 day-old adults, but gradually decreased in their numbers in the controls. However, the spermatogonia were not present in newly emerged, 1 and 2 day-old adults. Moreover, primary spermatocytes were present （174 ± 4.0） in newly emerged adults, but not found in 1 and 2 day-old adults. In the testes of newly emerged LD10-treated adults, the numbers of eupyrene and apyrene sperm bundles were significantly reduced compared with controls, and even significantly reduced in LD30-treated adults compared with LDlo, however, their ratios were not affected. Moreover, the pattern of spermatogenesis was the same in LD10- and LD30-treated male adults compared with controls. Furthermore, numbers of developing spermatocytes were significantly reduced in the LD10 compared with controls, and even significantly reduced in LD30-treated male adults compared with LD10. In newly emerged adults, the width and length of elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were significantly reduced in LDlo- and more significantly reduced in LD30-treated compared with controls of S. litura. In vas deferens of untreated pre- and newly emerged adult male, both eupyrene and apyrene sperm bundles were found, however, in treated pre-adult male, only apyrene sperm bundles and in treated newly emerged adult male, fe, w eupyrene and numerous apyrene sperm bundles were found. It is concluded that spermatogenesis was significantly affected by chlorfluazuron.
文摘This experiment was carried out in order to investigate the effect of diurnal temperature fluctuations on seed germination of Pistacia vera L. The seeds of Badami-e-Zarand and Sarakhs cultivars were treated with the following temperatures： T1 = 24 hr at 25℃, T2= 16 hr at 25 ℃ ＋ 8 hr at 10 ℃, T3= 12 hr at 25 ℃ ＋ 12 hr at 10℃ and T4= 8 hr at 25℃ ＋ 16 hr at 10℃. The germination percentage was increased by diurnal temperature fluctuations, however all of treatments extended MTG compared to control （T1）. Temperature affected the quality of roots, in a matter that high constant temperature resulted in dichotomous （forked） roots during seed germination of pistachio. The response of cultivars was different in this case, so that, Badami-e-Zarand had higher dichotomous root percentage. This disorder can be decreased by diurnal temperature fluctuation.
文摘The meiotic process in Noctiluca scintillans were observed under light microscope. Some abnormal cell divisions, incompletely separated "zoospores" and the changes of the zoospores are described in this paper. Together with the findings of field samplings and the previous results by other researchers, the process of meiosis in N. scintillans was supposed to be a pathway to reduce the extra high density of NH 3-N within the cell in order to ensure normal population growth.
