《汉语大字典》《中华字海》义阙疑难字例释

文章以杨宝忠先生“形音义用序五者互相求”的疑难字考释方法为指导,对《汉语大字典》《中华字海》中收录的“■”“■”“■”“■”等四个义阙疑难字进行考释,认为“■”为“虖”的讹字,“■”为“胡”的讹字,“■”为“弼”的讹字,“■”为“梁”的增旁分化字。对这些义阙疑难字进行考释,具有多方面的意义:一是可以将这些义阙疑难字与其正字进行沟通并对其进行合理归部;二是可以纠正前贤在沟通这些义阙疑难字时的疏误;三是可以为汉字整理与规范贡献自己的力量。

中国古代对行星盈缩历起点黄经及其进动值的测算

唐代天文学家一行在《大衍历》中,首次用行星变差来刻画行星盈缩历起点每年相对于冬至点的进动,此后的历法或者沿袭《大衍历》的做法直接给出行星变差,或者将行星变差隐含在相关算法中。本文全面考察了《大衍历》类历法中的行星变差常数及其含义,对于未直接给出行星变差的历法,则根据历法中的相关术文,重新构建了这些历法中行星盈缩历起点平均每年进动数值的表达式,并总结了行星盈缩历起点的进动规律。本文的研究结果表明,行星盈缩历起点并非行星近日点,但是由于外行星盈缩历起点黄经与其近日点黄经相差较小,因此可以将外行星盈缩历起点视为近日点。与此相应,行星变差或盈缩历起点进动并非行星近日点进动,由于各部历法中的行星变差或盈缩历起点进动值没有明显的规律可循,因此历法家很有可能已经具备了通过实测确定行星盈缩历起点的能力,而行星变差或盈缩历起点进动值应该是历法家确定行星盈缩历起点之后,配合上元积年而调整出来的数值。

大柴胡汤加减联合复方嗜酸乳杆菌片治疗功能性便秘患者临床疗效观察

目的探讨大柴胡汤加减联合复方嗜酸乳杆菌片治疗功能性便秘(FC)患者的临床疗效。方法根据随机数字表法将河南中医药大学第三附属医院2020年5月—2022年4月门诊治疗的70例FC患者随机分为两组,对照组(35例)服用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片治疗,治疗组联合大柴胡汤加减治疗。对比两组临床疗效、临床症状和便秘评分、胃肠道生活质量指数(GIQLI)、胃肠激素[P物质(SP)、胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)]水平及不良反应。结果治疗组临床有效率(97.14%)高于对照组(80.00%)(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比,治疗后两组临床症状评分和便秘评分降低,胃肠激素水平和生活质量评分升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,治疗组上述指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组与治疗组不良反应发生率(8.57%vs 5.71%)无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论大柴胡汤加减联合复方嗜酸乳杆菌片治疗FC安全有效,且可减轻患者便秘症状,调节胃肠激素水平,提高生活质量。

基于“肠脑互动”探讨大建中汤治疗肠易激综合征大鼠内脏痛作用机制

目的研究大建中汤对肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)大鼠内脏痛的影响及神经-免疫-内分泌网络的分子机制。方法将新生大鼠48只,随机分为正常对照组(control组)、肠易激综合征模型组(IBS组)、酮替芬组(Ketotifen组)、低剂量大建中汤治疗组(DJZT-L)、中剂量大建中汤治疗组(DJZT-M)、高剂量大建中汤治疗组(DJZT-H)。采用母婴分离法制备IBS内脏痛大鼠模型,利用腹壁撤退反应(abdominal withdrawal reflex,AWR)评估大鼠内脏敏感性;免疫组化法测定大鼠下丘脑星形胶质细胞(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、小胶质细胞(OX-42);免疫蛋白印迹(Western blot,WB)检测结肠和下丘脑P物质(substance P,SP);甲苯胺蓝染色法检测结肠组织肥大细胞(mast cell,MC)脱颗粒率;酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay,ELISA)测定分析结肠组织SP、特异性IgE(sIgE)和组胺。结果与正常大鼠相比,模型大鼠中60、40和20 mm Hg压力下AWR评分明显升高(P<0.05),下丘脑GFAP、OX-42、SP表达显著上升(P<0.05),结肠组织中肥大细胞脱颗粒率、sIgE、组胺和SP表达显著上升(P<0.05);与模型大鼠相比,大建中汤高剂量组(40和20 mm Hg压力),大建中汤中剂量组(60、40和20 mm Hg压力)的AWR评分,下丘脑GFAP、OX-42、SP,结肠肥大细胞脱颗粒率、sIgE、组胺、SP表达明显下降(P<0.05)。结论大建中汤能够降低IBS模型大鼠内脏痛,可能与其抑制SD大鼠结肠组织中肥大细胞活性,进而影响免疫神经网络有关。

丹栀逍遥散合甘麦大枣汤联合疏肝调神针法对偏头痛临床疗效及血清指标变化的影响

目的 分析丹栀逍遥散合甘麦大枣汤联合疏肝调神针法对偏头痛临床疗效及对血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)、细胞间黏附分子-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)和降钙素基因相关肽(Calcitonin gene related peptide, CGRP)水平的影响。方法 选择齐齐哈尔市中医医院2020年3月—2022年3月收治的126例偏头痛患者,使用随机数字表法分别纳入联合组(n=63)、对照组(n=63)。两组均给予盐酸氟桂利嗪片口服,并给予疏肝调神针法针灸治疗,联合组加用丹栀逍遥散合甘麦大枣汤,持续1个月。对比两组治疗前后头痛症状、生活质量变化,并比较两组治疗前后脑血流动力学、血清指标变化,分析两组临床疗效。结果 头痛症状方面,两组治疗1个月后头痛发作频率、每月无头痛天数、发作时疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analog Scale, VAS)、单次头痛持续时间均较治疗前下降;联合组治疗1个月后头痛发作频率、每月无头痛天数、发作时VAS评分、单次头痛持续时间均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。生活质量方面,两组治疗1个月后偏头痛生活品质问卷(Migraine-SpecificQualityLifeQuestionnaire, MSQ)量表各维度评分及总分均较治疗前下降;联合组治疗1个月后MSQ量表各维度评分及总分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。脑血流动力学方面,两组治疗1个月后双侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery, MCA)、基底动脉(Basilar artery, BA)、大脑后动脉(Posterior cerebral artery, PCA)、大脑前动脉(Anterior cerebral artery, ACA)血流速度均较治疗前下降;联合组治疗1个月后MCA、BA、PCA、ACA血流速度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清指标方面,两组治疗1个月后血清TNF-α、ICAM-1、CGRP均较治疗前下降;联合组治疗1个月后血清TNF-α、ICAM-1、CGRP均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组治疗1个月后总有效率为90.48%,高于对照组的74.60%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在疏肝调神针法的基础上,将丹栀逍遥散合甘麦大枣汤应用于偏头痛的治疗,不仅有助于改善患者头痛症状、脑血流动力学、生活质量,也能够改善血清TNF-α、ICAM-1、CGRP,从而达到更为理想的临床疗效。

大黄[庶虫]虫丸治疗肝癌的研究进展

大黄[庶虫]虫丸出自《金匮要略》,是治疗“虚劳干血”类疾病的经典名方,近年来广泛用于多种恶性肿瘤尤其是肝癌的综合治疗中。检索整理近20年文献,从中医组方特色、临床应用、分子机制三方面总结大黄[庶虫]虫丸治疗肝癌的相关研究,发现大黄[庶虫]虫丸在中医组方上具有虫类逐瘀、草本养虚,肝脾同调、两脏兼顾,蜜丸为剂、峻药缓图等特色,配伍严谨,用药精当。在临床上无论是联合经动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)还是联合静脉化疗,均可减轻治疗不良反应,提高临床有效率,延长患者生存时间;此外,对于晚期原发性肝癌患者以及肝转移癌患者,单药应用也可明显改善症状,提高生活质量,延长终末期患者带瘤生存时间,临床疗效确切,且可长期应用,安全性较高。机制研究中发现大黄[庶虫]虫丸具有抗肝癌前病变、保护肝细胞,调节肝功能,抗肝癌细胞转移、抑制肿瘤血管新生,促进血管正常化、调节免疫等相关机制,分子机制明确。通过以上三方面,全面详细阐述了大黄[庶虫]虫丸治疗肝癌的研究现状,并对目前的临床和实验研究提出不足与改进,以期为后续深入研究及抗肿瘤新药的研发提供思路和依据。

基于UPLC-TOF-MS结合网络药理学探究大黄甘草汤通便止呕作用机制

目的探究大黄甘草汤(DG)通便止呕的作用机制。方法运用UPLC-TOF-MS对DG化学成分进行定性分析,结合网络药理学探讨DG发挥通便止呕功效的潜在作用机制和物质基础,并运用分子对接技术进行验证。结果UPLC-TOF-MS法采用正负离子扫描模式,根据数据库比对和文献数据从DG水煎液中共鉴定27个化合物。网络药理学分析表明DG通便止呕功效的关键成分可能为木犀草素、圣草酚、甘草次酸、大黄素等;关键靶点可能为AKT1、IL6、IL1B、TP53、TNF、EGFR;关键通路可能为胃癌、结直肠癌、IL-17、TNF、HIF-1等信号通路。有效成分与核心靶点分子对接结果良好。结论该研究较全面地阐明了DG水煎液的化学成分,明确了DG通过减轻炎症状态、促进肠道运动等作用发挥通便止呕的功效,可为DG的进一步质量评价和临床研究提供参考。

大承气汤加减联合肠内营养支持对胃癌根治术后患者胃肠功能、免疫功能及营养状况的影响

目的探讨大承气汤加减联合肠内营养支持对胃癌根治术后患者胃肠功能、免疫功能及营养状况的影响。方法回顾性分析2020年6月—2022年6月该院接诊的62例胃癌根治术患者的诊疗情况,按治疗方法不同分为观察组和对照组各31例。对照组患者采取肠内营养治疗,观察组在此基础上给予大承气汤加减治疗,两组均接受1周的连续治疗。比较两组患者的术后排便时间、肛门排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次进食时间,治疗1周后,比较两组患者治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群水平(CD^(+)_(4)、CD^(+)_(8)、CD^(+)_(4)/CD^(+)_(8))、免疫球蛋白[免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)]、营养指标[血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PAB)、人血清白蛋白(human serum albumin,HSA)、转铁蛋白(transferrin,TRF)]的水平变化及并发症情况。结果治疗后,观察组在排便时间、肛门排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次进食时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组CD^(+)_(4)、CD^(+)_(8)、CD^(+)_(4)/CD^(+)_(8)、IgA、IgG、IgM、Hb、PAB、HSA、TRF水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗期间,观察组的并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论大承气汤加减联合肠内营养支持能有效改善胃癌根治术后患者胃肠功能、免疫功能,促进营养状况的恢复,值得在临床中进行推广。

Implications of 1.5 K climate warming on warm-season ozone exposure and atmospheric oxidation capacity in China

Surface ozone(O_(3))poses significant threats to public health,agricultural crops,and plants in natural ecosystems.Global warming is likely to increase future O_(3)mainly by altering atmospheric photochemical reactions and enhancing biogenic volatile organic compound(BVOC)emissions.To assess the impacts of the future 1.5 K climate target on O_(3)concentrations and ecological O_(3)exposure in China,numerical simulations were conducted using the CMAQ(Community Multiscale Air Quality)model during April-October 2018.Ecological O_(3)exposure was estimated using six indices(i.e.,M7,M24,N100,SUM60,W126,and AOT40f).The results show that the temperature rise increases the MDA8 O_(3)(maximum daily eight-hour average O_(3))concentrations by∼3 ppb and the number of O_(3)exceedance days by 10-20 days in the North China Plain(NCP),Yangtze River Delta(YRD),and Sichuan Basin(SCB)regions.All O_(3)exposure indices show substantial increases.M24 and M7 in eastern and southern China will rise by 1-3 ppb and 2-4 ppb,respectively.N100 increases by more than 120 h in the surrounding regions of Beijing.SUM60 increases by greater than 9 ppm h^(−1),W126 increases by greater than 15 ppm h^(−1)in Shaanxi and SCB,and AOT40f increases by 6 ppm h^(−1)in NCP and SCB.The temperature increase also promotes atmospheric oxidation capacity(AOC)levels,with the higher AOC contributed by OH radicals in southern China but by NO_(3)radicals in northern China.The change in the reaction rate caused by the temperature increase has a greater influence on O_(3)exposure and AOC than the change in BVOC emissions.

心脏超声评价葶苈大枣泻肺汤抗阳虚血瘀型心力衰竭的研究

目的分析心脏超声评价葶苈大枣泻肺汤抗阳虚血瘀型心力衰竭的研究。方法纳入2022年8月—2023年9月山东中医药大学附属医院心血管病科收治的阳虚血瘀型心力衰竭患者94例为研究对象,随机数字表法将其分为两组,对照组47例采用常规治疗,观察组47例在此基础上采用葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗,对比两组疗效差异,并用心脏超声评价治疗前后心功能指标变化情况等。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.74%(45/47),远高于对照组的76.60%(36/47),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组心脏指数(cardiac index,CI)、每搏量(strokevolume,SV)、心脏每分钟搏出量(cardiac output,CO)、射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后观察组左心室舒张末期容积(left ventricular end diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(left ventricular end-systolic volume,LVESV)、左心室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end diastolic dimension,LVDd)、左心室收缩末期内径(left ventricularend-systolic dimension,LVDs)低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论葶苈大枣泻肺汤治疗阳虚血瘀型心力衰竭患者效果明确,能有效抑制心室重构,促进心功能恢复,促进患者病情改善;在治疗期间用心脏超声观察有利于准确评价患者心脏功能及心脏形态变化情况,为临床诊治提供必要参考依据,有较高应用价值。

大黄牡丹汤治疗老年糖尿病足伴慢性肾脏病1~3期临床疗效观察

目的探讨老年糖尿病足(diabetic foot,DF)伴慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)1~3期的患者采用大黄牡丹汤治疗对其炎症因子、肾功能的改善情况。方法将秦皇岛市中医医院2017年5月—2022年5月收治的老年DF伴CKD 1~3期的患者76例作为此次研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组(38例)和观察组(38例)。对照组给予常规治疗并配合前列地尔注射液,观察组在前述对照组基础上给予大黄牡丹汤,均治疗2周。比较两组治疗2周后的疗效,治疗前及治疗2周后的神经功能、炎症因子、肾功能、血糖指标。结果治疗2周后,观察组总有效率为94.74%(36/38),高于对照组的78.95%(30/38)(P<0.05)。治疗2周后相比于治疗前,两组神经功能周围神经感觉阈值、白细胞(white blood cell count,WBC)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(interleukin-8,IL-8)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h urinary protein,24 hU-pro)、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr)、β2微球蛋白(β2 microglobulin,β2-MG)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h postmeal plasma glucose,2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbAlc)水平降低,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组神经功能下肢正中神经传导速度、下肢腓神经传导速度加快,观察组快于对照组(P<0.05)。结论大黄牡丹汤应用于老年DF合并CKD 1~3期患者可抑制炎症反应,改善肾功能和神经功能,调节血糖水平,具有较好的治疗效果。

Interdecadal variability of summer precipitation in the Three River Source Region: Influences of SST and zonal shifts of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet

Summer precipitation in the Three Rivers Source Region(TRSR)of China is vital for the headwaters of the Yellow,Yangtze,and Lancang rivers and exhibits significant interdecadal variability.This study investigates the influence of the East Asian westerly jet(EAWJ)on TRSR rainfall.A strong correlation is found between TRSR summer precipitation and the Jet Zonal Position Index(JZPI)of the EAWJ from 1961 to 2019(R=0.619,p<0.01).During periods when a positive JZPI indicates a westward shift in the EAWJ,enhanced water vapor anomalies,warmer air,and low-level convergence anomalies contribute to increased TRSR summer precipitation.Using empirical orthogonal function and regression analyses,this research identifies the influence of large-scale circulation anomalies associated with the Atlantic–Eurasian teleconnection(AEA)from the North Atlantic(NA).The interdecadal variability between the NA and central tropical Pacific(CTP)significantly affects TRSR precipitation.This influence is mediated through the AEA via a Rossby wave train extending eastward along the EAWJ,and another south of 45°N.Moreover,the NA–CTP Opposite Phase Index(OPI),which quantifies the difference between the summer mean sea surface temperatures of the NA and the CTP,is identified as a critical factor in modulating the strength of this teleconnection and influencing the zonal position of the EAWJ.

专题数据库建设与《汉语大字典》的修订

《汉语大字典》(第2版)的音义匹配关系是汉语音义学研究的重要内容。《汉语大字典》不仅在释义、字形、注音、术语等方面存在问题,而且关联错讹问题更为突出,在文字不同形体的对应、字音与释义、义项与释义、新旧字形与义项、义项与书证、术语与字际关系等方面均存在不同程度的抵牾。专题数据库对于《汉语大字典》的修订完善有重要意义。修订完善《汉语大字典》有必要着力解决专题数据库建设和专题数据库关联平台建设两个问题。建设专题数据库和关联平台数据库的途径包括:汇集与校勘已有《汉大》研究成果,再加工与融合已有汉语或汉字信息数据库,梳理与对齐新出土或新见文献,等等。采用元数据、知识图谱、语义关联等计算机技术,可以很好地实现上述目标,把汉字形、音、义、引文信息与《汉语大字典》修订完善工作有机结合起来。

Enhanced nitrous acid(HONO)formation via NO_(2)uptake and its potential contribution to heavy haze formation during wintertime

full understanding of the sources of atmospheric nitrous acid(HONO)in the polluted urban atmosphere re-mains a challenge.In this study,ambient HONO and relevant species were measured during January 2019 at an urban site in Beijing,China,and a budget analysis of HONO was conducted using a box model combined with field observations.Large nighttime“missing sources”of HONO were identified on heavily polluted days based on traditional sources,which had a significant correlation with the relative humidity,ammonia(NH_(3)),and aerosol surface area,and the promotional effect of NH_(3)for nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))uptake on the wet aerosol surface was discussed.Then,an updated parameterization scheme for quantifying the enhanced heterogeneous reactions of NO_(2)on aerosol surfaces is proposed,and the missing nighttime sources of HONO could be substantially com-pensated after the new scheme was incorporated.Further evaluation on the contributions of HONO to hydroxyl radicals was conducted,and the authors found that the photolysis of HONO played a dominant role in the primary OH production on the polluted days(78%-90%).The study reveals great potential of an NH3-enhanced uptake coefficient of NO_(2)on the aerosol surface in the nocturnal HONO budget,and highlights the significance of HONO in the strong atmospheric oxidation capability during episodes with a heavily polluted atmosphere.

Clarifying the relationship between PM2.5 and ozone complex pollution and synoptic patterns in a typical petrochemical city in the Bohai Rim region of China:Implications for air pollution forecasting and control

Meteorological conditions are vital to PM_(2.5)and ozone(O_(3))complex pollution.Herein,the T-mode principal com-ponent analysis method was employed to objectively classify the 925-hPa geopotential height field of Dongying from 2017 to 2022.Synoptic patterns associated with four pollution types-namely,PM_(2.5)-only pollution,O_(3)-only pollution,Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution-were characterized at different time scales.The results indicated that synoptic classes conducive to PM_(2.5)-only pollution were“high-pressure top front”,“offshore high-pressure rear”,and“high-pressure inside”,while those conducive to O_(3)-only pollution were“offshore high-pressure rear”,“subtropical high”,and“high and low systems”.The Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were influenced by high pressure,and the Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were linked to precipitation and strong northerly winds.The variation in dominant synoptic patterns is crucial in the frequency changes of the four pollution types,which was further validated through the analysis of typical cases.Under the favorable meteorological conditions of high-pressure control with strong northerly winds or a subtropical high and inverted trough both with strong precipitation,there is potential to achieve coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)in Dongying.Additionally,measures like artificially manipulating local humidity could be adopted to alleviate pollution levels.This study reveals the importance of comprehending the meteorological factors contributing to the formation of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)complex pollution for the improvement of urban air quality in the Bohai Rim region of China when emissions are high and the concentration of air pollutants exhibits high meteorological sensitivity.

从刘完素论治中风探讨风药对中风的作用

刘完素为金元四大家之首,首开“内风”学说之先河,其对中风的论治具有划时代的意义。“玄府”理论与“阳气怫郁”学说为刘完素两大主要学术思想,一者言气机通行之道路遍布周身,一者言气机闭塞不通则病邪丛生,两者分别从生理、病理角度强调了气机宣通的重要意义。刘完素论治中风的方剂主要有大秦艽汤、小续命汤、三化汤等,方中皆有大量风药的应用,临床每取良效。文章旨在以刘完素玄府理论及阳气怫郁学说为立足点,深入探讨风药对中风的作用。

Inhibition of human cytochrome CYP1B1 by anthraquinone compounds,chrysophanol and physcion

The in vitro inhibitory effects of chrysophanol and physcion on CYP1B1 were explored,utilizing ethoxyresorufin as the substrate.The inhibition kinetics of CYP1B1 by these compounds were assessed with escalating doses of ethoxyresorufin.Both chrysophanol(IC_(50)(0.47±0.01)μmol·L^(-1))and physcion(IC_(50)(0.35±0.02)μmol·L^(-1))significantly reduce the catalytic efficiency of CYP1B1.The V_(max)and K_(m)values are determined to be(51.9912±10.0547)pmol·μg^(-1)(protein)·min^(-1) and(0.9663±0.2987)nmol·L^(-1)for chrysophanol,and(45.4227±1.9978)pmol·μg^(-1)(protein)·min^(-1) and(0.4367±0.0386)nmol·L^(-1)for physcion,respectively.Kinetic analysis reveals that chrysophanol and physcion exert mixed inhibitory effects on CYP1B1.This mixed inhibition is primarily characterized by the compounds’ability to competitively bind to the active sites of CYP1B1,as well as potentially through non-competitive mechanisms,thereby reducing the enzyme’s catalytic efficiency.Molecular docking studies are conducted to elucidate the interaction between anthraquinone derivatives and CYP1B1,indicating that these compounds may inhibit CYP1B1 activity by binding to their active sites.The demonstrated capacity of chrysophanol and physcion to inhibit CYP1B1 enzymatic function unveils a potential anticancer mechanism,advancing our comprehension of how the structure of anthraquinone derivatives correlates with CYP1B1 inhibition and paving the way for developing innovative cancer treatments.

Variation characteristics of stable isotopes in atmospheric precipitation in Adelaide,Australia

Background,aim,and scope Stable isotope in water could respond sensitively to the variation of environment and be reserved in different geological archives,although they are scarce in the environment.And the methods derived from the stable isotope composition of water have been widely applied in researches on hydrometeorology,weather diagnosis,and paleoclimate reconstruction,which help well for understanding the water-cycle processes in one region.Here,it is aimed to explore the temporal changes of stable isotopes in precipitation from Adelaide,Australia and determine the influencing factors at different timescales.Materials and methods Based on the isotopic data of daily precipitation over four years collected in Adelaide,Australia,the variation characteristics of dailyδD,δ^(18)O,and dexcess in precipitation and its relationship with meteorological elements were analyzed.Results The results demonstrated the local meteoric water line(LMWL)in Adelaide,wasδD=6.38×δ^(18)O+6.68,with a gradient less than 8.There is a significant negative correlation between dailyδ^(18)O and precipitation amount or relative humidity at daily timescales in both the whole year and wither/summerhalf year(p<0.001),but a significant positive correlation between dailyδ^(18)O and temperature in the whole year and the winter half-year(p<0.001).Discussion The correlation coefficients betweenδ^(18)O and daily mean temperature didn’t show a significant positive correlation,which may be attributed to that the precipitation in Adelaide area in January was mainly influenced by strong convective weather,and the stable isotope values in precipitation were significantly negative.Furthermore,this propose was also evidenced by the results from dexcess of precipitation with larger value in the winter half-year than that in the summer half-year,which may be resulted from the precipitation events in winter are mostly influenced by oceanic water vapor,while the sources of water vapor in summer precipitation events are more complicated and influenced by strong convective weather.On the other hand,the slope and intercept of theδ^(18)O—P regression lines in the summer months(-0.41 and 0.50‰)are larger and smaller than those in the winter months(-0.22 and-2.15‰),respectively,indicating that the precipitation stable isotopes have a relatively stronger rainout effect in the summer months than in the winter months.Besides,the measured values ofδ^(18)O in daily precipitation have a good linear relationship with our simulated values ofδ^(18)O,demonstrating the established regression model could provide a reliable simulation for theδ^(18)O values in daily precipitation in Adelaide area.It’s worth noting that the precipitation events with low precipitation amount,low relative humidity and high temperature,usually had relatively small slope and intercept of MWL,implying that raindrops may be strongly affected by sub-cloud secondary evaporation in the falling process.Conclusions The variation ofδ^(18)O in daily precipitation from Adelaide region was controlled by different factors at different timescales.And the water vapor sources and the meteorological conditions of precipitation events(such as the degree of sub-cloud secondary evaporation)also played an important role on the variation ofδ^(18)O.Recommendations and perspectives Stable isotope in daily precipitation can provide more accurate information about water-cycle and atmosphere circulation,it is therefore necessary to continue to collect and analyze daily-scale precipitation data over a longer time span.The results of this study will provide the basis for the fields of hydrometeorology,meteorological diagnosis and paleoclimate reconstruction in Adelaide,Australia.

Design and implementation of low-cost geomagnetic field monitoring equipment for high-density deployment

The observation of geomagnetic field variations is an important approach to studying earthquake precursors.Since 1987,the China Earthquake Administration has explored this seismomagnetic relationship.In particular,they studied local magnetic field anomalies over the Chinese mainland for earthquake prediction.Owing to the years of research on the seismomagnetic relationship,earthquake prediction experts have concluded that the compressive magnetic effect,tectonic magnetic effect,electric magnetic fluid effect,and other factors contribute to preearthquake magnetic anomalies.However,this involves a small magnitude of magnetic field changes.It is difficult to relate them to the abnormal changes of the extremely large magnetic field in regions with extreme earthquakes owing to the high cost of professional geomagnetic equipment,thereby limiting large-scale deployment.Moreover,it is difficult to obtain strong magnetic field changes before an earthquake.The Tianjin Earthquake Agency has developed low-cost geomagnetic field observation equipment through the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei geomagnetic equipment test project.The new system was used to test the availability of equipment and determine the findings based on big data..

Effects of Storage Time and Hydrogen Peroxide on the Formation of Soy Globulin 15S in 11S Dilute Solutions Investigated by Analytical Ultracentrifugation

Two soy protein 11S fractions with different surface sulfhydryl contents were prepared.Utilizing analytical ultracentrifugation,the effects of storage time and hydrogen peroxide at different concentrations(0.5-100 mmol/L)on the two 11S fractions were investigated.Results show that after removing 2-mercaptoethanol(2-ME)by size exclusion chromatography,the 11S fraction with high surface sulfhydryl content(2.0 mol sulfhydryl/mol 11S)progressively formed 15S and 21S in dilute solutions during storage at 4℃ for 82 days.While,the 11s fraction with low surface sulfhydryl content(0.2 mol sulfhydryl/mol 11S)was stable under the same condition.Moreover,after treating the 11s with high surface sulfhydryl content with 1 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2),the weight percentage of 15S reached the maximum value of 20%.The 15S induced by air and H_(2)O_(2)could be totally converted to 11S with the addition of 10 mmol/L 2-ME,which could be attributed to that the disulfide bond linking two 11S molecules is on the surface of the 15S and easily accessible to the reducing agent 2-ME.This study helps us to deeply understand the formation mechanism of 15S and the stability of 11S.