“大东海”中生代地层分布--值得关注的新领域

以近几年重处理和新采集的地震剖面资料为基础,采用地震、钻井、重磁反演及海陆对比等综合研究方法,研究了东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布特征。前人划分的新生代3个凸起(雁荡、台北、观音)在中生代时表现为雁荡凸起从北至南并非是一个连续的凸起,而是由3个呈雁列式排列的元古界古凸起组成,向南消失;观音凸起和台北凸起上中生界厚度稳定;研究结果表明,东海陆架盆地南部中生界"分布广、厚度大"、"南厚北薄、东厚西薄",结合周边中生界分布特征提出了"大东海"(中生界)盆地这一新概念。

基于地形动力学的海滩裂流安全性评价——以三亚大东海为例

文章基于海滩地形动力学模型建立了海滩安全性评价方法,认为低潮沙坝/裂流海滩类和沙坝类海滩出现裂流概率最大,沙坝消散类和有裂流的低潮台地类海滩裂流风险中等,没有裂流的低潮台地海滩、没有沙坝的消散海滩、超消散型、完全反射型海滩裂流风险很小。以三亚大东海为例,利用该评价方法分析了海滩溺水事故频发的原因,结果显示:1)该海滩状态以沙坝型和低潮沙坝/裂流海滩型为主,属于高风险海滩,此结论与当地救生实践吻合;2)该海滩溺水事故发生的根本原因为裂流危险性高,故容易发生溺水事故。

三亚海滨度假区形态及经营绩效比较研究——亚龙湾、大东海、海坡案例

三亚是我国唯一的热带海滨旅游城市,亚龙湾、大东海、海坡3个海滨度假群落已经形成。3种各具特色的度假群落齐聚三亚并非偶然,是三亚相对垄断性的海滨气候资源与国内海滨度假需求相互作用的结果。在现场踏勘和文献研究的基础上,对3个度假群落的形态特征进行了比较研究,发现它们在土地利用及形态方面存在显著不同。亚龙湾是综合封闭型海滨度假区,大东海属于城市海滩型度假区,海坡属线性开放型度假区。不同的度假区形态和外部环境对区内旅游设施的消费档次和开发效益产生了直接影响,亚龙湾内的度假消费档次最高,大东海和海坡次之。度假区开发模式和规划控制力度的不同可能是造成度假区形态差异的重要原因。研究结论对于国内海滨度假区规划开发具有借鉴和参考价值。

大东海生态旅游现状及环境保护建议

阐述了大东海生态自然环境特点,分析了生态旅游发展现状、生态旅游模式以及开展生态旅游发展的成效。尽管大东海珊瑚礁生态系的生产力和物种多样性都很高,但仍是一个相对脆弱的生态系统,易受外界环境的变化而遭受损害,应加强保护。

三亚大东海砂质潮间带小型底栖生物的时空分布及影响因素

于2015年和2016年对三亚大东海砂质潮间带进行了季节性的调查,对小型底栖生物及其所处的沉积环境进行了研究,探讨了小型底栖生物的丰度、生物量和群落的时空变化及其与环境变量的关系。共鉴定小型底栖生物类群11个,优势类群为海洋线虫类与桡足类(二者占总丰度83.13%);小型底栖生物年平均丰度为(595.77±442.72)ind·10cm–2,小型底栖生物2015年12月的平均丰度为(768.70±533.22) ind·10cm–2, 2016年6月平均丰度为(422.85±236.42) ind·10cm–2。丰度分布呈现明显的季节和潮区差异。相关分析结果表明pH、偏态系数与小型底栖生物的丰度呈极显著的负相关,分选系数、中值粒径与之呈极显著的正相关性。小型底栖生物的丰度随季节变化趋势为冬季>夏季。食物丰度、溶氧量升高与沉积物粒径的变化是冬季桡足类丰度的大幅增加的主要原因。TWO-WAY ANOVA与ANOSIM结果显示,潮带对小型底栖生物丰度和群落结构的影响在冬季显著。SIMPER分析结果显示,此差异主要来源为桡足类和线虫类。BIOENV分析结果显示,溶氧量和分选系数的组合最能解释这种差异。这一结果可能是由于高、中潮带的人为干扰与砂滩的清理作用导致。夏季潮带间丰度与群落结构差异不显著,pH、盐度、叶绿素含量是影响其分布的主要原因。研究结果可为砂质滩小型底栖生物的研究提供基础数据,也可为全球气候变化背景下砂质潮间带的保护、开发和利用提供科学依据。

三亚湾、大东海、亚龙湾沿岸海域水体总氮、总磷动态研究

根据2013年1月—12月全年监测结果,对海南省三亚市三亚湾、大东海、亚龙湾沿岸海域水体的总氮、总磷动态进行研究。结果表明,三亚湾、大东海、亚龙湾总氮、总磷含量分别在0.092-0.372mg/L与0.003-0.047mg/L之间,全年均值分别为0.216、0.191、0.167mg/L和0.018、0.011、0.011mg/L。

三亚大东海滨海旅游度假区现状分析及优化建议

三亚市作为全国唯一的热带滨海旅游城市,以阳光沙滩和独特的气候而闻名。伴随着社会经济的进步,旅游的形式正在从过去的团体观光旅游向现在的度假休闲旅游过渡,从游客的角度来讲,来三亚旅游基本上等于来三亚看海玩海,三亚有众多的滨海湾区,其中大东海滨海旅游度假区濒临三亚市区,是市民游客最方便快捷的度假休闲目的地之一。本文通过阅读相关文献和资料,对三亚各个湾区进行分析比较,并采用实地走访观察的研究方法,对三亚大东海滨海旅游度假区的发展现状进行分析,提出优化建议,以期对大东海滨海旅游度假区未来建设起到理论上和实践上的参考作用。

在大东海潜水

在天之涯、海之角的三亚,近年来搞了海底漫步潜水项目,这里是国家潜水基地,是中国水下运动协会三亚分会和中国国际潜水俱乐部三亚分部所在地,世界跳水冠军高敏就曾在此训练,由这里走向世界体坛,从而拿到70万元的冠军奖金。到三亚旅游的我们,也怀着好奇的心情来到大东海潜水。当时,散客价是320元一位,团队为280元,我们花的是特价260元。我们到更衣室换上松紧弹力很强的紧身潜水衣,拉链在背后,由同伴相互拉上;然后是选择鞋,裤管要放在鞋子外边。全身武装后,最明显的是我的大肚子凸现出来,看来减肥是势在必行。接下来是在人工游泳池里接受潜水培训。

大东海沿岸海域水体无机氮、无机磷动态研究

根据2014年全年的监测结果,对三亚市大东海近岸海域水体的无机氮、无机磷进行动态研究,并分析了N/P比的变化规律。结果表明,大东海无机氮、无机磷含量分别在0.032~0.366mg/L与0.000~0.008mg/L之间,年平均值分别为0.092mg/L和0.002mg/L;其中,无机氮含量大部分符合一类海水水质标准,无机磷含量均符合一类海水水质标准,表明大东海近岸海域水质状况良好。N/P比值范围为：15.50~201.00,年平均值为52.06,该值远大于16,则表明无机磷为大东海近岸海域的生长限制因子。

Numerical Study of the Donghai Dam Impact on the Hydrodynamic Environment of Zhanjiang Bay

In this paper, the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model （FVCOM） was employed and configured for 3 dimensional numerical simulations of tide and tidal current based on the field observations in Zhanjiang Bay. The model＇s results agree well with the field observed data. Based on the well validated model, the hydrodynamic fields of zhanjiang bay area were calculated both before the Donghai Dam constructing and after that. Compared the tidal level, current field, tidal capacity and water exchange ratio before the construction of Dohai dam with those after construction of the dam, we analyzed and get some conclusions of effects of Donghai Dam on Hydrodynamic environment of the Zhanjiang Bay.

A Modelling Study of Inter-Annual Variation of Kuroshio Intrusion on the Shelf of East China Sea

Inter-annual variability of the Kuroshio water intrusion on the shelf of East China Sea (ECS) was simulated with a nested global and Northwest Pacific ocean circulation model.The model analysis reveals the influence of the variability of Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan on the intrusion to the northeast of Taiwan:high correlation (r=0.92) with the on-shore volume flux in the lower layer (50 200 m) ;low correlation (r=0.50) with the on-shore flux in the upper layer (0 50 m) .Spatial distribution of correlations between volume fluxes and sea surface height suggests that inter-annual variability of the Kuroshio flux east of Taiwan and its subsurface water intruding to the shelf lag behind the sea surface height anomalies in the central Pacific at 162 E by about 14 months,and could be related to wind-forced variation in the interior North Pacific that propagates westward as Rossby waves.The intrusion of Kuroshio surface water is also influenced by local winds.The intruding Kuroshio subsurface water causes variations of temperature and salinity of bottom waters on the southern ECS shelf.The influence of the intruding Kuroshio subsurface water extends widely from the shelf slope northeast of Taiwan northward to the central ECS near the 60 m isobath,and northeastward to the region near the 90 m isobath.

Highly nonlinear internal solitary waves over the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea

Large amplitude internal solitary waves(ISWs) often exhibit highly nonlinear effects and may contribute significantly to mixing and energy transporting in the ocean.We observed highly nonlinear ISWs over the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea(19°35'N,112°E) in May 2005 during the Wenchang Internal Wave Experiment using in-situ time series data from an array of temperature and salinity sensors,and an acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP).We summarized the characteristics of the ISWs and compared them with those of existing internal wave theories.Particular attention has been paid to characterizing solitons in terms of the relationship between shape and amplitude-width.Comparison between theoretical prediction and observation results shows that the high nonlinearity of these waves is better represented by the second-order extended Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) theory than the first-order KdV model.These results indicate that the northwestern South China Sea(SCS) is rich in highly nonlinear ISWs that are an indispensable part of the energy budget of the internal waves in the northern South China Sea.

METHOD FOR IN SITU DETERMINATION OF P_(CO_2) IN SEA-AIR EQUILIBRIUM SYSTEM

The method for determining P CO 2 in the atmosphere and water by using gas chromatography was studied. For determination of P CO 2 in the atmosphere, a sampling method was developed in which the chromatograph was connected to a 6 port valve with a sampling pipe opening to the atmosphere, so gas pressure in the sampling pipe was identical to that of the atmosphere. A semi automatic seawater atmosphere equilibrium system was designed to determine the P CO 2 in seawater. The equilibrium chamber contained in situ seawater and the well equilibrated gas was pushed into the sampling pipe by sample water, so pressure and temperature calibration could be avoided. This method has high accuracy for the determination of P CO 2 in the air and seawater, and was used for in situ determination of P CO 2 in the atmosphere and of the seawater sample in the JGOFS cruise in the East China Sea.

pCO_2 distribution and CO_2 flux on the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea during summer 2011

Measurements ofpH, total alkalinity （TA）, partial pressure of CO2 （pCO2） and air-sea CO2 flux （FCO2） were conducted for the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea （ECS） during August 2011. Variations in pCO2 distribution and FCO2 magnitude during the construction of the Three Gorges Dam （TGD） （2003-2009）, and the potential effects of the TGD on the air-sea CO2 exchange were examined. Results showed that the ECS acts as an overall CO2 sink during summer, with pCO2 ranging from 107 to 585 p.atm and an average FCO2 of -6.39 mmol/（m2·d）. Low pCO2 （〈350 μatm） levels were observed at the central shelf （28°-32°N, 123°-125.5°E） where most CO2-absorption occurred. HighpCO2 （〉420 μatm） levels were found in the Changjiang estuary and Hangzhou Bay which acted as the main CO2 source. A negative relationship between pCO2 and salinity （R2=0.722 0） in the estuary zone indicated the predominant effect of the Changjiang Diluted Water （CDW） on the seawater CO2 system, whereas a positive relationship （R2=0.744 8） in the offshore zone revealed the influence of the Taiwan Current Warm Water （TCWW）. Together with the historical data, our results indicated that the CO2 sink has shown a shift southwest while FC02 exhibited dramatic fluctuation during the construction of the TGD, which is located in the middle reaches of the Changjiang. These variations probably reflect fluctuation in the Changjiang runoff, nutrient import, phytoplankton productivity, and sediment input, which are likely to have been caused by the operations of the TGD. Nevertheless, the potential influence of the TGD on the CO2 flux in the ECS is worthy of further study.

Fish community diversity in the middle continental shelf of the East China Sea

The status of fishery stocks in the coastal waters of China is far from ideal, mainly due to climate change and the impacts of human activities （e.g., pollution and overfishing）. Thus, the restoration and protection of fishery resources have become critical and complex. The stability and balanced structure of the fish community is a basic foundation for the protection of fishery resources. Based on data collected from bottom trawls by the R/V Beidou in continental shelf of the East China Sea in November 2006 and February 2007, changes in the composition and diversity of fish species and functional groups were analyzed. The research area was divided into offshore waters and inshore waters by the two-way indicator species analysis （TWIA）. The results showed that the dominant species were different between offshore waters and inshore waters and also varied with the survey time. The most abundant family was Sciaenidae and Teraponidae in November 2006, Sciaenidae, Engraulidae and Triglidae were most abundant in February 2007. The species belonged mainly to mobile piscivores （G6）, benthivores/piscivores （G4）, benthivores （G3） and planktivores （G1）, and the dominant species in November 2006 were commercial species （e.g. Larimichthys polyactis and Trichiurusjaponicus）, but small-sized species were dominant in February 2007 （e.g., Harpadon nehereus, Benthosema pterotum, Champsodon capensis, and Acropoma japonieum）. The species diversity showed a similar trend as the functional group diversity. Stations with higher diversity were mainly distributed in inshore waters in February 2007, whereas higher diversity was found in offshore waters in November 2006. The highest biomass and species number were found in G6 group, followed by the G4, G5 and GI groups. The distribution of the number of individuals of each functional group showed the opposite trend as that of the biomass distribution. In addition, the size spectra were mainly concentrated around 3-29 cm, and the individual number of fish species gradually decreased with the increase in body size, but the relative biomass showed a moderate fluctuation in each size class. These changes showed that species with faster growth rate and earlier maturity age became dominant in continental shelf of the East China Sea. So the variations in biological characteristics of fish should be fully considered in maintaining sustainable utilization of fishery resource.

A spectral mixture model analysis of the Kuroshio variability and the water exchange between the Kuroshio and the East China Sea

For understanding more about the water exchange between the Kuroshio and the East China Sea,We studied the variability of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea(ECS) in the period of 1991 to 2008 using a three-dimensional circulation model,and calculated Kuroshio onshore volume transport in the ECS at the minimum of 0.48 Sv(1 Sv ;106 m3/s) in summer and the maximum of 1.69 Sv in winter.Based on the data of WOA05 and NCEP,The modeled result indicates that the Kuroshio transport east of Taiwan Island decreased since 2000.Lateral movements tended to be stronger at two ends of the Kuroshio in the ECS than that of the middle segment.In addition,we applied a spectral mixture model(SMM) to determine the exchange zone between the Kuroshio and the shelf water of the ECS.The result reveals a significantly negative correlation(coefficient of-0.78) between the area of exchange zone and the Kuroshio onshore transport at 200 m isobath in the ECS.This conclusion brings a new view for the water exchange between the Kuroshio and the East China Sea.Additional to annual and semi-annual signals,intra-seasonal signal of probably the Pacific origin may trigger the events of Kuroshio intrusion and exchange in the ECS.

Species Composition and Diversity of Macrobenthos in the Intertidal Zone of Xiangshan Bay,China

Xiangshan bay is a narrow semi-closed bay and situated on the northwestern coast of the East China Sea. Over past decades, it has become to a major bay with intensive human activities, dense urbanized area, and poor water quality. The aim of this paper was to reveal the ecological status through the elucidation of the species composition, abundance, biomass and diversity of macrobenthos in this bay. Six intertidal sections were surveyed from January 2007 to November 2008 quarterly. Sections TG, HD and XH are located in the three inner bays, sections QJ and WS are located near the thermal power plants, and section XX is located at the outer part of Xiangshan Bay. Great variations in macrobenthos community were indentified, and the species composition of the community in the present study showed the dominance in the order of molluscs （bivalves and gastropods）, crustaceans and others, and only few Polychaeta were recorded. Only three dominant species, Littorina brevicula, llyplax tansuiensis, and Cerithidea cingu- lata were collected in all the sections, and a total of 19 dominant species were recorded only in one section. Two-way ANOVA analyses of abundance indicated that there were significant differences among sections or seasons. Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇） had its maximum （2.45） in section QJ, and minimum （1.76） in section TG Multiple irregular k-dominance plots clearly showed that the study area was polluted and the macrobenthos community was under stress. We conclude that the macrobenthos of Xiang- shan Bay have been disturbed by human activities, especially at the interior bay.

Formation of the modern current system in the East China Sea since the early Holocene and its relationship with sea level and the monsoon system

The Okinawa Trough is a natural laboratory for the study of air-sea interaction and paleoenvironmental change. It has been demonstrated that present offshore export of particles in the bottom nepheloid layer occur primarily with downwelling from the northeast winter monsoon, which is inhibited by a transverse circulation pattern in summer. This current system was very different during the Last Glacial Maximum owing to low sea level （-120 m） and exposure of a large shelf area. We collected sediment core Oki01 from the middle Okinawa Trough during 2012 using R/V Kexue No. 1 to elucidate the timing and cause of the current system transition in the East China Sea. Clay mineral, dry density, and elemental （Ti, Ca） composition of core Oki01 was analyzed. The results indicate that clay minerals derived mainly from the Huanghe （Yellow） and the Changjiang （Yangtze） Rivers during 16.0-11.6 ka, and the modem current system in the East China Sea formed beginning in the early Holocene. Therefore, mixing of East China Sea continental shelf, Changjiang River and partially Taiwan Island sediment are the major contributors. The decrease of log（Ti/Ca） and alternating provenance since the early Holocene indicate less sediment from the East China in summer because of resistance of the modern current system, i.e., a ＂water barrier＂ and upwelling. Conversely, sediment delivery persists in winter and log（Ti/Ca） indicates the winter monsoon signal since the early Holocene. Our evidence also suggests that sediment from Taiwan Island could be transported by the Kuroshio Current to the middle Okinawa Trough, where it mingles with winter monsoon- induced export of sediment from the Changjiang River and East China Sea continental shelf. Although the present research advances understanding of the evolutionary history of paleoenvironmental change in the Okinawa Trough, more sediment cores should be retrieved over wide areas to construct a larger scenario.

Recent Observations and Modeling Study About Sea Fog over the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

This review presents some of the latest achievements in sea fog research,including fog climatology,fog structure in the marine atmospheric boundary layer,and numerical simulations and forecasting of fog.With the development of atmospheric observational techniques and equipments,new facts about sea fog are revealed.The mechanisms involved in the formation,development and dissipation of sea fog are further explored with the help of advanced atmospheric models.

Vertical Structure of the Tidal Currents on the Continental Shelf of the East China Sea

The available data on tidal currents spanning periods greater than six months for the continental shelf of the East China Sea (26°30.052′N, 122°35.998′E) were analyzed using several methods. Tidal Current Harmonic Analysis results demonstrated that semi-diurnal tides dominated the current movement. The tidal currents of the principal diurnal and semidiurnal rotated clockwise with depth, with the deflection of the major semi-axes to the right in the upper layer and to the left in the lower layer. The vertical structures of two principal semi-diurnal constituents-M2 and S2-were similar, which indicates that the tidal currents are mainly barotropic in this area. The main features of the variation of the four principal tidal constituents with depth demonstrate that the currents in this region are influenced by the upper and lower boundary layers. Therefore, the tidal constituents of the shallow water are similar. Different vertical modes were calculated based on the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of the Eastern and Northern components of the tidal currents, with a variance contribution for the zero-order model of at least 90%. The variance contribution of the baroclinic model is minimal, which further reveals a strong barotropic character for the tidal currents of this region.