黄大临生平事迹考略

黄大临是北宋词人,洪州分宁(今江西修水)人,为黄庭坚胞兄。历任龙泉令、梁县尉、授越州司理、萍乡令等。任萍乡令期间以仁慈为怀,尽心尽政,治理政事异于他人,是其仕途生涯中浓墨重彩之笔。有《奉寄子由》、《青玉案》等诗词作品与黄庭坚、苏辙等人唱和。

Research Advances in Pharmacological Action and Clinical Application of Periplaneta americana

Researches on pharmacological action and drug development of Periplane- ta americana have demonstrated that it has wide medicinal value, low side effects and rich resources, having good application prospects in medicine field. This article reviewed the researches on pharmacological action and clinical application of Periplaneta americana in order to provide references for the further research and devel- opment of Periplaneta americana medicines.

Acute Lymphangitis Treated by Moxibustion with Garlic in 118 Cases

TCM holds that acute lymphangitis is pathogenically caused by the accumulated internal fire and toxicity, and the external skin injury-induced infection, leading to toxicity going upward along the meridians. The treatment should be given to clear away heat and toxin. Blood letting by a three-edged needle may promote qi and blood circulation and remove the toxic heat. Garlic has the function of antagonizing Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus dysenteriae and various kinds of bacteria. Since the volatile oil in moxa is antagonistic to bacteria, the burning moxa can also promote the local flow of qi and blood, and enhance the antagonistic effect of garlic on bacteria. Therefore, satisfactory curative results can be achieved by the therapy.

Clinical outcomes of lung metastasectomy in patients with colorectal cancer

AIM： To investigate prognostic factors of survival fol- lowing curative, non-palliative surgical removal of lung metastases secondary to colorectal cancer （CRC）.

COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION ON ACPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS WITH DZHUī (大椎GV14) IN COMMON COLD PATIENTS WITH HIGH FEVER

Objective To probe into the effective acupuncture treatment for high fever and other clinical relevant symptoms in common cold. Methods Based on randoming and multi-central clinical trial principle, the included 276 cases were randomized into experimental group （138 cases） and control group （138 cases） in statistics. Electric acupuncture on Dazhui（大椎 GV14） was applied in experimental group and the injection with antondine was in control group. The immediate antipyretic and clinical therapeutic effects were observed in 24 h. Results The body temperatures at different times in experimental group were all lower than those in control group after treatment （P〈 0.01 ）. The scores of relevant symptoms in 3- 24 h after treatment were lower than those in control group （P〈0.05）. The response time （1.42± 1.79） h in experimental group was shorter than that （3.44±5.10） h in control group （P〈0.05）. The response times for chills, soreness of limbs, headach and sweating in experimental group were shorter than those in control group （P〈0. 01 ）. The recovery times for chills and headache in experimental group were shorter than those in control group （P〈0.05）. The systematic therapeutic effects were different significantly between two groups in 24 h （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture on Dazhui（大椎 GV14） had achieved definite effects on treatment for high fever in common cold. It released remarkably chills, soreness of limbs, headache and sweating and improved the systematic therapeutic effects on common cold.

Clinical significance of mucosal suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 expression in ulcerative colitis

AIM:To investigate the clinical significance of mucosal expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and SOCS3 in human ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS:Biopsy specimens for histological analysis and mRNA detection were obtained endoscopically from the rectum of 62 patients with UC (36 men; age 13-76 years). The patients were classified endoscopically according to Matts' grade (grade 1 to 4). Expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNAs was quantified in samples by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). GAPDH was used as an internal control for efficiency of RT-PCR and amount of RNA. RESULTS:SOCS3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in inflamed mucosa of UC than in inactive mucosa. The level of expression was well correlated with the degree of both endoscopic and histologic inflammation. Interestingly,among the patients in remission,the group with relatively low expression of SOCS3 showed a higher rate of remission maintenance over a 12-mo period. In contrast,SOCS1 mRNA was expressed in both inflamed and non-inflamed colonic mucosa and was not correlated with the activity of colonic mucosa or prognosis. CONCLUSION:These observations suggest that increased expression of mucosal SOCS3,but not of SOCS1,may play a critical role in the development of the colonic inflammation of UC.

Recent Progress in Cartilage Tissue Engineering--Our Experience and Future Directions

Given the limited spontaneous repair that follows cartilage injury, demand is growing for tissue engi- neering approaches for cartilage regeneration. There are two major applications for tissue-engineered cartilage. One is in orthopedic surgery, in which the engineered cartilage is usually used to repair cartilage defects or loss in an articular joint or meniscus in order to restore the joint function. The other is for head and neck reconstruction, in which the engineered cartilage is usually applied to repair cartilage defects or loss in an auricle, trachea, nose, larynx, or eyelid. The challenges faced by the engineered car- tilage for one application are quite different from those faced by the engineered cartilage for the other application. As a result, the emphases of the engineering strategies to generate cartilage are usually quite different for each application. The statuses of preclinical animal investigations and of the clinical translation of engineered cartilage are also at different levels for each application. The aim of this review is to provide an opinion piece on the challenges, current developments, and future directions for cartilage engineering for both applications.

Colonoscopic yield of colorectal neoplasia in daily clinical practice

AIM:To assess the prevalence and location of ad-vanced neoplasia in patients undergoing colonoscopy,and to compare the yield per indication.METHODS:In a multicenter colonoscopy survey (n = 18 hospitals) in the Amsterdam area (Northern Holland),data of all colonoscopies performed during a three month period in 2005 were analyzed. The location and the histological features of all colonic neoplasia were recorded. The prevalence and the distribution ofadvanced colorectal neoplasia and differences in yield between indication clusters were evaluated. Advanced neoplasm was defi ned as adenoma > 10 mm in size,with > 25% villous features or with high-grade dyspla-sia or cancer.RESULTS:A total of 4623 eligible patients underwent a total colonoscopy. The prevalence of advanced neo-plasia was 13%,with 281 (6%) adenocarcinomas and 342 (7%) advanced adenomas. Sixty-seven percent and 33% of advanced neoplasia were located in the distal and proximal colon,respectively. Of all patients with right-sided advanced neoplasia (n = 228),51% had a normal distal colon,whereas 27% had a syn-chronous distal adenoma. Ten percent of all colono-scopies were performed in asymptomatic patients,7% of whom had advanced neoplasia. In the respective procedure indication clusters,the prevalence of right-sided advanced neoplasia ranged from 11%-57%. CONCLUSION:One out of every 7-8 colonoscopies yielded an advanced colorectal neoplasm. Colonoscopy is warranted for the evaluation of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

TAVR in 2017-What we know？ What to expect？

1 Introduction Transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） or replacement （TAVR） represents nowadays a viable and established therapeutic option in patients with severe aortic stenosis （AS） who are considered high or prohibitive risk for conservative surgical treatment. It has been a long journey requiring almost ten years of preclinical research since the first in man TAVR in 2002. Five more years of clinical trials followed, before ＂Conformité Européene＂ （CE） mark- ing and clinical use initiation in Europe.

Hepatoprotective activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Rheum emodi extracts: In vitro and in vivo studies

AIM: To study the hepatoprotective capacity of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) and Rheum emodi (R. emodi) extracts in CCl4 treated male rats. METHODS: The dried powder of S. mukorossi and R. emodi was extracted successively with petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and ethanol and concentrated in vacuum. Primary rat hepatocyte monolayer cultures were used for in vitro studies. In vivo, the hepatoprotective capacity of the extract of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi and the rhizomes of R. emodi was analyzed in liver injured CCl4-treated male rats. RESULTS: In vitro: primary hepatocytes monolayer cultures were treated with CCl4 and extracts of S. mukorossi & R. emodi. A protective activity could be demonstrated in the CCl4 damaged primary monolayer culture. In vivo : extracts of the fruit pericarp of S. mukorossi (2.5 mg/mL) and rhizomes of R. emodi (3.0 mg/mL) were found to have protective properties in rats with CCl4 induced liver damage as judged from serum marker enzyme activities. CONCLUSION: The extracts of S. mukorossi and R. emodi do have a protective capacity both in vitro on primary hepatocytes cultures and in in vivo in a rat model of CCl4 mediated liver injury.

Microheterogeneity of acute phase proteins in patients with uIterative colitis

AIM： TO estimate the serum α1-antichymotrypsin （ACT）, α1-acid glycoprotein （AGP） and transferrin （Tf） concentrations and to evaluate the microheterogeneity of these acute phase proteins in patients with ulcerative colitis. METHODS： Twenty-seven patients with ulcerative colitis （UC） and 17 healthy control subjects were studied. The patients were categorised as severe （n = 9）, moderate （n = 10） and mild groups （n = 8） using Truelove and Witts＇ classification of ulcerative colitis. Microheterogeneity of ACT, AGP and Tf was analysed by crossed immunoaffinity electrophoresis （CIAE） with concanavalin A. In all serum samples standard electrophoresis of serum proteins was performed, iron （Fe） concentration, total iron binding capacity （TIBC） and C-reactive protein （CRP） were also measured. RESULTS： Our patients suffering from ulcerative colitis had significantly higher serum ACT and AGP concentrations and lower serum transferrin concentration in comparison to healthy subjects. Changes in concentrations of acute phase proteins were dependent on the activity of the inflammatory process. The glycosylation patterns of transferrin were related to the inflammation status. We also observed the correlation between ACT and AGP concentrations, patterns of transferrin glycosylation and changes in standard protein electrophoresis or blood cell count. CONCLUSION： The glycosylation patterns of transferrin obtained from patients suffering from ulcerative colitis are highly branched and sialylated compared with those obtained from healthy subjects. In contrast, the glycosylation patterns of transferrin do not differ according to the activity index of ulcerative colitis. The microheterogeneity patterns of AGP and ACT are similar in ulcerative colitis patients and healthy subjects.

The expression of HER-2/neu gene in colon cancer tissues and its clinical significance

Objective：The article aims to detect the expression of HER-2/neu gene in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, to analyze the relationship between dif erent pathologic types and clinical features, also to invest the distribution of patients with positive expression of HER-2 gene. Methods：The expression of HER-2 gene in the 223 samples with colon can-cer was detected by immunochemical approach. The expression of HER-2 gene in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues and dif erent pathologic types was analyzed byχ2 test. The correlation between the expression of HER-2 gene and clinical features was analyzed by Spearman. Results：The number of positive expression of HER-2 gene in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were 74 and 0 respectively, the dif erence has statistical significance. The number of papil ary or tubular adenocarcinoma was 182, among them, 60 cases were positive expression. The number of mucinous adenocarcinoma was 41, among them, 14 cases were positive expression. The expression of HER-2/neu gene has no correlation with sex, age, the maximum diameter, general classification, degree of dif erentiation and depth of invasion, which has no statistical significance. However, the expression of HER-2/neu gene has correlation with metastasis of lymph node and Dukes stage, which has statistical significance. The expression of HER-2/neu gene was positive correlation with metastasis of lymph node and Dukes stage. The correlated coef icient index was 0.320 and 0.320 respectively. In the 74 patients with positive expression of HER-2 gene, 59.4%of them were 60-74 years old. And there was 97.3%of the patients without family history of adenocarcinoma. Conclusion：The expression of HER-2/neu gene in colon cancer tissues was higher than in adjacent tissues. The expression of HER-2/neu gene has no correlation with sex, age, the maximum diameter, general classification, degree of dif erentiation and depth of invasion, but has correlation with metastasis of lymph node and Dukes stage. The expression of HER-2/neu gene was positive correlation with metastasis of lymph node and Dukes stage. The expression of HER-2/neu gene with age of 60-74 years old and without family history of adenocarcinoma was higher than other groups.

Current status of surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases

Liver metastasis （LM） is one of the major causes of death in patients with colorectal cancer （CRC）. Approxi-mately 60% of CRC patients develop LM during the course of their illness. About 85% of these patients have unresectable disease at the time of presenta-tion. Surgical resection is currently the only curative treatment for patients with colorectal LM （CRLM）. In recent years, with the help of modern multimodality therapy including systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery, the outcomes of CRLM treatment have signifcantly improved. This article summarizes the current status of surgical treatment of CRLM including evaluation of resectability, treatment for resectable LM, conversion therapy and liver transplantation for unresectable cases, liver resection for recurrent CRLM and elderly patients, and surgery for concomitanthepatic and extra-hepatic metastatic disease （EHMD）. We believe that with the help of modern multimodality therapy, an aggressive oncosurgical approach should be implemented as it has the possibility of achieving a cure, even when EHMD is present in patients with CRLM.

Critical Heat Flux with Subcooled Flowing Water in Tubes for Pressures from Atmosphere to Near-Critical Point

During last 45 years, two groups of the experimental data on critical heat flux were obtained in bare tubes, covering the pressures from atmosphere to near-critical point. One group of the data were obtained in the inner diameter of 2.32, 5.16, 8.05, 10.0 and 16.0 mm, respectively, with the ranges of pressure of 0.1-1.92 MPa, velocity of 1.47-23.3 m/s, local subcooling of 3.7-108.7 ℃ and heat flux of up to 38.3 MW/m2. Another group of the data were obtained in the inner diameter of 4.62, 7.98 and 10.89 mm, respectively, with the ranges of pressure of 1.7-20.6 MPa, mass flux of 454-4,055 kg/（m2.s） and inlet subcooling of 53-361 ℃. The results showed complicated effects of the pressure, mass flux, subcooling and diameter on the critical heat flux. They were formulated by two empirical correlations. A mechanistic model on the limit of heat transfer capability from the bubbly layer to the subcooled core was also proposed for all the results.

The clinical epidemiological characteristics of 704 cases of colorectal cancer from 2004-2008

Objective： The aim of the research was to study the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of incidence of colorectal cancer in North China. Methods： Analysis and summary were made for 704 colorectal cancer patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2008 in North China. Results： （1） Of 704 colorectal cancer patients, the median age was 56 years old, and the mean age was 58.2. There was no statistic difference in age between male and female cases, P 〉 0.05. （2） The male-female ratio was 1.62：1. （3） The proportion of rectal cancer was 62.92%, and incidence of the left colon cancer was higher than that of right colon cancer, P 〈 0.05. （4） Of 712 lesions, 658 cases were adenocarcinoma accounting for 92.4%, 34 were malignant adenoma accounting for 4.8%, and 20 carcinoid accounting for 2.8%. （5） The 48.9% of patients belonged to stages 0 to 11B. Conclusion： The cases of colorectal cancer in North China is mainly rectal cancers, and the incidence of left colon cancer is higher than that of right colon cancer. The histopathological classification is mainly adenocarcinoma, and the ratio of early stage is high.

Appendix is a priming site in the development of ulcerative colitis

AIM： The role of the appendix has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis （UC）. The aims of this study were to elucidate the immuno-imbalances in the appendix of UC patients, and to clarify the role of the appendix in the development of UC. METHODS： Colonoscopic biopsy specimens of the appendix, transverse colon, and rectum were obtained from 86 patients with UC： active pancolitis （A-Pan; n = 15）, active letf-sided colitis （A-Lt; n = 25）, A-Lt with appendiceal involvement （A-Lt/Ap; n = 10）, inactive pancolitis （I-Pan; n = 14）, and inactive left-sided colitis （I-Lt; n = 22）, and from controls. In the isolated mucosal T cells, the CD4/CD8 ratio and proportion of activated CD4＋ T ceils were investigated, and compared with controls. RESULTS： in the appendix, the CD4/CD8 ratio significantly increased in A-Lt and A-Lt/Ap. The ratio in the appendix also tended to increase in A-Pan. In the rectum, the ratio significantly increased in all UC groups. In the appendix, the proportion of CD4＋CD69＋ （early activation antigen） T cells significantly increased in all UC groups. In the rectum, the proportion of CD4＋CD69＋ T cells significantly increased only in A-Pan. The proportion of CD4＋HLADR＋ （mature activation antigen） T cells significantly increased only in the rectum of A-Pan, but not in the otherareas of any groups. CONCLUSION： The increased CD4/CD8 ratio and predominant infiltration of CD4＋CD69＋ T cells in the appendix suggest that the appendix is a priming site in the development of UC.

Mast cell density and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p185,estrogen receptor,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in gastric carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the relationship between the mast cell density(MCD)and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p185,estrogen receptor(ER), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in gastric carcinoma. METHODS:Mast cell,p185,ER,and PCNA were detected using immunohistochemical S-P labeling method.Mast cell was counted in tissue of gastric carcinoma and regional lymph nodes respectively,and involved lymph nodes(ILN)were examined as usual. RESULTS:MCD was significantly related to both age and depth of penetration(x^2=4.688,P<0.05 for age and x^2=9.350, P<0.01 for depth of penetration)between MCD>21/0.03 mm^2 and MCD≤21/0.03 mm^2 in 100 patients;MCD in 1-6 ILN group patients was significantly higher than that in 7-15 ILN or>15 ILN group patients(u=6.881,8.055,P<0.01); There were significant differences intergroup in positive expression rate of p185,ER and PCNA between MCD>21/ 0.03 mm^2 and MCD≤21/0.03 mm^2 in 100 patients. CONCLUSION:Mast cell may have effect on inhibiting invasive growth of tumor,especially in the aged patients; The number of mast cells,in certain degree,may predicate the number of involved lymph nodes,which is valuable for assessment of prognosis;MCD was related to the expression of p185,ER,and PCNA in gastric carcinoma.It suggests that mast cell accumulation may inhibit the proliferation and the dissemination of the gastric carcinoma. INTRODUCTION Recently,many studies have reported on the association of mast cell with various tumorst.In several malignancies,mast cell has been found to correlate with growth,penetration and prognosis of tumor.Therefore,our study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the mast cell density (MCD)and the context of clinicopathological parameters and expression of p 185,estrogen receptor(ER),and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)in gastric carcinoma.

Fast-track rehabilitation program vs conventional care after colorectal resection:A randomized clinical trial

AIM:To compare the fast-track rehabilitation program and conventional care for patients after resection of colorectal cancer.METHODS:One hundred and six consecutive patients who underwent fast-track rehabilitation program were encouraged to have early oral feeding and movement for early discharge,while 104 consecutive patients underwent conventional care after resection of colorectal cancer.Their gastrointestinal functions,postoperative complications and hospital stay time were recorded.RESULTS:The restoration time of gastrointestinal functions in the patients was significantly faster after fasttrack rehabilitation program than after conventional care(2.1 d vs 3.2 d,P < 0.01).The percentage of patients who developed complications was significantly lower 30 d after fast-track rehabilitation program than after conventional care(13.2% vs 26.9%,P < 0.05).Also,the percentage of patients who had general complications was significantly lower 30 d after fast-track rehabilitation program than after conventional care(6.6% vs 15.4%,P < 0.05).The postoperative hospital stay time of the patients was shorter after fast-track rehabilitation program than after conventional care(5 d vs 7 d,P < 0.01).No significant difference was observed in the readmission rate 30 d after fast-track rehabilitation program and conventional care(3.8% vs 8.7%).CONCLUSION:The fast-track rehabilitation program can significantly decrease the complications and shorten the time of postoperative hospital stay of patients after resection colorectal cancer.

Clinical significance of K-ras and BRAF mutations in Chinese colorectal cancer patients

AIM:To identify and assess mutations in the K-ras and BRAF genes in a cohort of Chinese patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) for their association with various clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.METHODS:Genomic DNA was isolated from frozen tissues.Pyrosequencing analysis was conducted to detect mutations in the K-ras (codons 12,13,and 61) and BRAF genes (codon 600).Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS-15.0 software.RESULTS:Among the 118 colorectal cancer patients,we detected 41 (34.7%) mutations in the K-ras gene.Mutation frequencies at codon 12 and codon 13 were 23.7% (28/118) and 10.2% (12/118),respectively.Only one patient harbored a point mutation at codon 61 (0.8%,1/118).Gender was the only factor that showed an obvious relationship with K-ras gene mutation (female 44.7% vs male 28.2%,P=0.037).Other clinicopathological features,such as age,location of the tumor,tumor differentiation,Tumor,Node and Metastases classification,and the Union for International Cancer Control staging,showed no positive relationship with K-ras gene mutations.No significant correlation was observed between the presence of K-ras mutations (codons 12,13,and 61) and the survival of the patients.BRAF mutations were rare,and only two patients (1.7%) harbored a detectable mutation at codon 600.CONCLUSION:K-ras gene mutation is a common event in our 118 Chinese CRC patients,with an obvious relationship with gender.However,it seems not to be an independent prognostic factor in CRC patients.The BRAF gene is rarely mutated in Chinese CRC patients.

Testing study of subcritical crack growth velocity and fracture toughness of marble

Subcritical crack growth of double torsion specimens made of marble was studied using Instron1342 type electro hydraulic servo test machine. The relations of the mode-I stress intensity factor KI versus the subcritical crack growth velocity V and the fracture toughness KIC were obtained by the double torsion constant displacement load relaxation method. The behavior of subcritical crack growth was analyzed. The results show that lgKI-lgV relations of marble measured by this method accord with linear rule, i.e. the relations between subcritical crack growth velocity V and stress intensity factor KI have a power law, which is in good agreement with Charles theory. The testing results provide a basis for time-dependency of rock engineering stability.