大兴凸起东缘断裂的三维建模及其最大潜在地震评估

通过最新的浅部地震反射剖面和钻孔资料发现了大兴凸起东缘断裂全新世活动的证据,这一发现改变了近几十年以来认为的其晚第四纪以来没有活动的结论,对北京市地震灾害风险普查工作具有重要的应用价值,同时也对大兴凸起东缘断裂最大潜在地震的震级上限评估提出了新的挑战。文中通过收集和整理多条地震浅层物探剖面和地震深反射剖面,利用SKUA-GOCAD三维建模软件构建了大兴凸起东缘断裂的三维模型,模拟了大兴凸起东缘断裂在三维空间中的展布情况,揭示了该断裂的几何学特征及深浅构造关系。通过将大兴凸起东缘断裂和与其呈右阶排列的夏垫断裂进行构造类比,对大兴凸起东缘断裂深、浅部的构造特征进行了讨论,认为大兴凸起东缘断裂是一条深浅共存的活动断裂,并利用震级-破裂尺度经验关系式综合估计该断裂上可能诱发的最大潜在地震为7.5级。这一结论对首都圈南部地区开展震灾防治工作具有重要的科学指导意义。

北京大兴凸起南部PGZ05钻孔剖面第四纪磁性地层学

对北京大兴凸起南部PGZ05孔(孔深255 m)全孔岩心进行了磁性地层、岩石地层、AMS14C测年研究,在系统性的古地磁样品采集(440块岩样)、处理和测试基础上,分析认为255 m的岩心记录了布容正向极性时(Brunhes)、贾拉米洛(Jaramillo)极性亚时、奥尔都维(Olduvai)极性亚时和高斯正极性时(Gauss)。在此磁性年代框架上,结合AMS14C测年及岩性特征,对PGZ05钻孔剖面进行第四纪地层划分,确定下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统的分布深度及年代,将更新统的底界(Q/N)定位于181. 35 m处,亦为一重要岩性(棕红色半固结黏土)界限,中更新统、上更新统、全新统的底界分别定位于75. 60 m、57. 20 m、17. 35 m处。研究成果为大兴凸起南部第四纪地层划分与对比、古地理环境演变及区域地层研究提供了可靠的地层年代学框架,具有重要地质意义。

北京平原大兴凸起东缘断裂全新世活动的新认识

大兴凸起东缘断裂位于北京平原的东南部,是控制大兴凸起与廊固凹陷的边界断裂,向N与控制大厂凹陷的曾发生1679年8级地震的NNE向夏垫断裂斜接,总体走向NE,倾向SE。以往的研究认为该断裂断错的最新地层为第四系中更新统,其不属于晚第四纪以来的活动断裂。文中在高精度浅层地震勘探的基础上开展了高密度钻孔联合地质剖面探测,获得了该断裂晚第四纪以来具有明显活动的证据。该断裂在钻孔联合地质剖面中显示出正断活动特征,一套厚约7m的粉砂质黏土标志层在其断层下盘的顶界面埋深约为74m,而在其上盘的顶界面埋深约为102m,位错量约为28m,且可在其中的2个钻孔中分别深54.2m和39.4m的岩芯内发现断层滑动面。水平距离为2m的2个钻孔的标志层顶面埋深分别为8m和10m,位错量为2m,结合2个钻孔岩芯的变形特征分析认为断层的上断点埋深可能更浅。根据邻近已有钻孔的年代学资料推断,该断裂属于全新世活动断裂。文中研究改变了大兴凸起东缘断裂带并非为活动断裂的认识,此新发现不仅对大兴凸起东缘断裂带的强震危险性和北京市地震灾害风险的认识具有重要的应用价值,也对华北地区晚新生代以来断裂发展演化及其深浅耦合特征研究具有科学意义。

大兴凸起北部D1钻孔岩心特征及第四纪地层划分

为了建立大兴凸起第四纪地层格架,对大兴凸起北部D1钻孔开展了地层划分、沉积相划分和年代地层的研究。将D1钻孔岩心自下而上划分为3套岩性组合,依次代表洪积扇沉积(186.6~203 m)、扇上河道沉积(153.9~186.6 m)、河流相沉积(0~153.9 m)。古地磁实验结果表明,古地磁极性带的布容正极性时、松山反极性时和高斯正极性时对应的钻孔岩心深度分别为0~89.5 m、89.5~132.25 m和132.25~143.5 m。结合岩性地层特征、^(14)C和OSL测年结果,得出D1钻孔下更新统(Qp 1)底界对应的深度为137.9 m,中更新统(Qp 2)底界对应的深度为91.4 m,上更新统(Qp 3)底界对应的深度为34.4 m,无全新世沉积。研究成果为该区第四纪区域地层划分和对比研究提供了基础资料。

Active tectonic deformation and its seismic-geological signifi cance of boundary faults of the Daxing Uplift and Langgu-Dachang Depression,Beijing Plain,China

Boundary faults of the Daxing Uplift and Langgu-Dachang Depression are located in the southeastern region of the Beijing Plain and directly control the sedimentation,tectonic evolution,and strong seismic activity of the plain.The Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake of Ms 8.0 occurred in 1679,but the active tectonic deformation characteristics of the boundary have been rarely discussed.In this study,the active tectonic deformation characteristics of the Daxing Uplift and Langgu-Dachang Depression boundary rupture were investigated by collecting and analyzing the results of previous works,supplementing three shallow-seismicexploration control lines at locations where the data are lacking,and carrying out borehole combined profi le exploration and optically stimulated luminescence dating at local breakpoints.Results show that the Daxing Uplift and Langgu-Dachang Depression boundary faults constitute an active tectonic deformation zone with~50 km distance between Mafang and Niubaotun towns and then extends to both ends to form a deep and large fault that cuts through the earth’s crust.The activity of the Daxing Uplift eastern boundary fault may be divided into two sections near Anding town,with the early-to-middle Late Pleistocene gradually weakening in the northwest and the Holocene gradually weakening in the southwest.Moreover,the activity of the Xiadian fault may be divided into two sections near the Chaobai River:the Holocene gradually weakening in the northwest and the early-to-middle Late Pleistocene gradually weakening in the southwest.The boundary fault of the Daxing Uplift and Langgu-Dachang Depression has an~43 km seismic gap around Niubaotun town,which has a high risk of Ms 6.0-7.0 earthquakes.This investigation into the active tectonic deformation characteristics of the boundary fault of the Daxing Uplift and Langgu-Dachang Depression is crucial for analyzing the strong earthquake rupture behavior and the future risk of strong earthquakes in this area.It also contributes greatly to the study of the tectonic pattern evolution of the North China Plain and Beijing Plain.