A 26-year-old woman with no family history of dermatophytosis presented with pruritic erythema on the right palm (Fig. 1) in November 2002, 1 month after first noticing it. She had no lesions on the soles, toe webs, l...A 26-year-old woman with no family history of dermatophytosis presented with pruritic erythema on the right palm (Fig. 1) in November 2002, 1 month after first noticing it. She had no lesions on the soles, toe webs, left palm, or nails. The erythema had been treated with topical steroids for 4 weeks, but had continued to expand. The erythema measured 42 mm ×36 mm, and was hyperemic and infiltrated unevenly. Its center showed no signs of healing, its periphery exhibited small vesicles, and its margin showed scales. On the scales, fungal hyphae and chains of arthroconidia were revealed by direct KOH test. The erythema was diagnosed as tinea manuum and was treated with topical terbinafine once daily. After several days of treatment, the erythema flared up and red papuloerythemas appeared on the back of both hands and on both forearms. Ten days after the first visit, the patient returned to our clinic for the treatment of newly developed eruptions. A trichophytin skin test produced an infiltrated erythema measuring 21 mm ×18 mm, confirming that the newly developed eruptions and exacerbated erythema on the right palm were due to a trichophytid reaction. Topical terbinafine was continued for the palm and fluocinolone acetonide ointment was applied on the newly developed eruptions on the arms from day 10 after the first visit. All the inflammatory eruptions subsided after 4 weeks of treatment and direct KOH test results were negative. The suspected cause of t inea manuum was the patient’s pet female four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventr is) which she had kept for 4 years (Fig. 2). When she bought it from a local pet shop, it had desquamation on its body, but no lesions with loss of hair or quil l and no dermatitis. The scaling decreased gradually with treatment given by a v eterinarian. Three isolates of dermatophytes were obtained from the scale on the woman’s palm (KMU 4455), scale removed from the hedgehog (KMU 4459-1), and a fallen-out quill (KMU 4459-2). KMU 4455 grew rapidly with an ivory-white and lightly powdery surface, and with concentric ripples at the periphery. The cente r of the colonies was fluffy and elevated slightly, with a yellow pigment beneat h (Fig. 3). The strains from the hedgehog were morphologically similar to each o ther, and their colonies grew more slowly and had a more powdery texture than th ose of KMU 4455. KMU 4459-1 and KMU 4459-2 gave a positive urease test result, whereas KMU 4455 gave negative results even at day 7 of incubation. The microsc opic findings of the three isolates were almost the same (Fig. 4). Numerous tear drop-shaped microconidia were produced along the sides of the rectangle of myce lium. Spherical microconidia clustered in some parts and some club-shaped, 2-6 -roomed macroconidia were observed. There were some poorly developed macroconid ia and some elongated microconidia which were so large that they were intermedia te in size between normal microconidia and macroconidia. There was no spiral bod y. The isolates were mated with (+) and (-) tester strains of African and Amer icano-European races of Arthroderma benhamiae on sunflower seed agar plates. KM U 4455 produced gymnothecia with mature ascospores only when mated with the (+) strain of the African race, RV 30000 (Fig. 5), whilst KMU 4459-1 and KMU 4459 -2 produced gymnothecia, only when mated with the (-) strain of the African ra ce, RV 30001. Based on the above findings, all three isolates were identified as Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei. To confirm that the isolates were no t the African race of A. benhamiae, nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA was performed. Total DNA was extracted from KMU 4455 and KMU 4459-1, the ITS regions were amplified using pr imers ITS1 and ITS4 (White TJ, Bruns T, Taylor J. Amplification and direct seque ncing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, ed. PCR Pro tocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. London: Academic Press, 1990: 315- 322), and sequenced by a standard dye terminator method. A 591-base pair fragme nt of DNA was compared with that of T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei registered i n a gene database, DDBJ. The DNA fragments of KMU 4455 (DDBJ accession number AB 100263) and KMU 4459-1 (DDBJ accession number AB 100264)were 100%homologous t o those of T.mentagrophytes var. erinacei IFM48154 (=RV28924, DDBJ accession num ber AB78899) (Takahashi Y,Haritani K, Sano A, et al. An isolate of A. benhamiae with T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei anamorph isolated from a four-toed hedgeho g (Atelerix albiventris) in Japan.展开更多
The aim of this work was to investigate the fungal population dynamics in ready-to-eat bagged samples of rocket （Diplotaxis spp.）, lettuce baby leaf （Lactuca sativa L.） and ＂songino＂ （Valerianella olitoria L.）...The aim of this work was to investigate the fungal population dynamics in ready-to-eat bagged samples of rocket （Diplotaxis spp.）, lettuce baby leaf （Lactuca sativa L.） and ＂songino＂ （Valerianella olitoria L.） during a shelf-life, in order to evaluate the effects of the storage length and season of production on the spoilage processes. The incidence of toxigenic moulds was particularity studied in order to evaluate a potential production of mycotoxins and allergenic conidia. A total of 900 samples collected from 10 Italian trademarks were analyzed at the 2nd, 5th and 8th day after the packaging in the spring and summer. A very high number of fungi was found and a great variability of moulds and yeasts at the 1 st day of sampling was observed. Regarding to season of production, any seasonal effect on the moulds and yeasts has been observed, but the moulds detected belonged to different species in relation to season. Regarding to storage length, the yeasts and moulds did not showed significant variations during a shelf-life. In relation to vegetable species, the lettuce resulted always less contaminated with respect to other salads, and the rocket presented 1-2 Log cfu/g of increasing in the level of moulds. Regarding to fungi species, the yeasts were significantly predominant respect to moulds. Finally, the toxigenic moulds Aspergillusflavus and Penicillium italicum were found in all the types of salad in the summer, and their growth during the storage at low temperature represented a potential hazard for the mycotoxins and allergenic conidia production in these commodities.展开更多
文摘A 26-year-old woman with no family history of dermatophytosis presented with pruritic erythema on the right palm (Fig. 1) in November 2002, 1 month after first noticing it. She had no lesions on the soles, toe webs, left palm, or nails. The erythema had been treated with topical steroids for 4 weeks, but had continued to expand. The erythema measured 42 mm ×36 mm, and was hyperemic and infiltrated unevenly. Its center showed no signs of healing, its periphery exhibited small vesicles, and its margin showed scales. On the scales, fungal hyphae and chains of arthroconidia were revealed by direct KOH test. The erythema was diagnosed as tinea manuum and was treated with topical terbinafine once daily. After several days of treatment, the erythema flared up and red papuloerythemas appeared on the back of both hands and on both forearms. Ten days after the first visit, the patient returned to our clinic for the treatment of newly developed eruptions. A trichophytin skin test produced an infiltrated erythema measuring 21 mm ×18 mm, confirming that the newly developed eruptions and exacerbated erythema on the right palm were due to a trichophytid reaction. Topical terbinafine was continued for the palm and fluocinolone acetonide ointment was applied on the newly developed eruptions on the arms from day 10 after the first visit. All the inflammatory eruptions subsided after 4 weeks of treatment and direct KOH test results were negative. The suspected cause of t inea manuum was the patient’s pet female four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventr is) which she had kept for 4 years (Fig. 2). When she bought it from a local pet shop, it had desquamation on its body, but no lesions with loss of hair or quil l and no dermatitis. The scaling decreased gradually with treatment given by a v eterinarian. Three isolates of dermatophytes were obtained from the scale on the woman’s palm (KMU 4455), scale removed from the hedgehog (KMU 4459-1), and a fallen-out quill (KMU 4459-2). KMU 4455 grew rapidly with an ivory-white and lightly powdery surface, and with concentric ripples at the periphery. The cente r of the colonies was fluffy and elevated slightly, with a yellow pigment beneat h (Fig. 3). The strains from the hedgehog were morphologically similar to each o ther, and their colonies grew more slowly and had a more powdery texture than th ose of KMU 4455. KMU 4459-1 and KMU 4459-2 gave a positive urease test result, whereas KMU 4455 gave negative results even at day 7 of incubation. The microsc opic findings of the three isolates were almost the same (Fig. 4). Numerous tear drop-shaped microconidia were produced along the sides of the rectangle of myce lium. Spherical microconidia clustered in some parts and some club-shaped, 2-6 -roomed macroconidia were observed. There were some poorly developed macroconid ia and some elongated microconidia which were so large that they were intermedia te in size between normal microconidia and macroconidia. There was no spiral bod y. The isolates were mated with (+) and (-) tester strains of African and Amer icano-European races of Arthroderma benhamiae on sunflower seed agar plates. KM U 4455 produced gymnothecia with mature ascospores only when mated with the (+) strain of the African race, RV 30000 (Fig. 5), whilst KMU 4459-1 and KMU 4459 -2 produced gymnothecia, only when mated with the (-) strain of the African ra ce, RV 30001. Based on the above findings, all three isolates were identified as Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei. To confirm that the isolates were no t the African race of A. benhamiae, nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA was performed. Total DNA was extracted from KMU 4455 and KMU 4459-1, the ITS regions were amplified using pr imers ITS1 and ITS4 (White TJ, Bruns T, Taylor J. Amplification and direct seque ncing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, ed. PCR Pro tocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. London: Academic Press, 1990: 315- 322), and sequenced by a standard dye terminator method. A 591-base pair fragme nt of DNA was compared with that of T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei registered i n a gene database, DDBJ. The DNA fragments of KMU 4455 (DDBJ accession number AB 100263) and KMU 4459-1 (DDBJ accession number AB 100264)were 100%homologous t o those of T.mentagrophytes var. erinacei IFM48154 (=RV28924, DDBJ accession num ber AB78899) (Takahashi Y,Haritani K, Sano A, et al. An isolate of A. benhamiae with T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei anamorph isolated from a four-toed hedgeho g (Atelerix albiventris) in Japan.
文摘The aim of this work was to investigate the fungal population dynamics in ready-to-eat bagged samples of rocket （Diplotaxis spp.）, lettuce baby leaf （Lactuca sativa L.） and ＂songino＂ （Valerianella olitoria L.） during a shelf-life, in order to evaluate the effects of the storage length and season of production on the spoilage processes. The incidence of toxigenic moulds was particularity studied in order to evaluate a potential production of mycotoxins and allergenic conidia. A total of 900 samples collected from 10 Italian trademarks were analyzed at the 2nd, 5th and 8th day after the packaging in the spring and summer. A very high number of fungi was found and a great variability of moulds and yeasts at the 1 st day of sampling was observed. Regarding to season of production, any seasonal effect on the moulds and yeasts has been observed, but the moulds detected belonged to different species in relation to season. Regarding to storage length, the yeasts and moulds did not showed significant variations during a shelf-life. In relation to vegetable species, the lettuce resulted always less contaminated with respect to other salads, and the rocket presented 1-2 Log cfu/g of increasing in the level of moulds. Regarding to fungi species, the yeasts were significantly predominant respect to moulds. Finally, the toxigenic moulds Aspergillusflavus and Penicillium italicum were found in all the types of salad in the summer, and their growth during the storage at low temperature represented a potential hazard for the mycotoxins and allergenic conidia production in these commodities.
