从大制造看自然改造与科技共性

从广义制造业的角度探讨了人类在用科技探索自然的过程中所面临的创新、体制、跨学科、人文艺术、人才培养等一些共性问题。

金钱梦的破灭——一个特大制造贩卖枪支团伙的侦破记实

引子 金钱,对于那些在商品经济、货币交换的社会里,在日益提高的物质生活的欲望中奔波着的人们,有着无可比拟的巨大的诱惑力。有的披星戴月、辛勤操作,用无数的汗水换取一定数量的金钱。

制造技术的历史回顾与面临的机遇和挑战

从社会发展、科学技术物化、工业支柱和制造系统等方面论述了制造技术的永恒性。从制造技术概念的扩展、制造技术的综合性、信息技术、工具、精密工程和纳米技术等方面分析了现代制造技术的特点。最后,从传统技术与高新技术关系、结合行业产品需要、创新、体制改革、现代制造技术发展方向、世界制造中心前景和人才培养等方面阐述了制造技术面临的机遇与挑战。

精酿啤酒行业中的大制造

随着精酿啤酒在中国市场呈现出爆发式增长，精酿啤酒的市场潜力被行业内认可。精酿行业作为一个典型的传统行业，其本身存在着许多问题，特别是销售环节。互联网及物联网的飞速发展带动了许多传统行业的转型与升级。本文从精酿行业的特点人手，分析销售环节的商业模式与架构。以行业生态为核心提出了一种适合精酿行业生态模型。最后，介绍大制造的概念在精酿行业通过生态应用的实际案例。

中国“大制造”

暑热将至,我们却向南而去,直抵深圳。之后的一周时间里以深圳为根据地四处出击,在深圳、惠州及东莞周边的小镇上穿梭往来,走访了8家计算机产品制造商的近20个厂。加上此前在上海采访Intel封装测试工厂、在福州参观冠捷显示器制造厂,我们过目的生产厂超过20家。在回来的飞机上,我们笑称这次是对中国计算机产品制造业做了一次大阅兵,细想想,此话当不为过。 套用《北京人在纽约》中“如果你爱一个人,就送他去纽约;如果你恨一个人,就送他去纽约”这句话表达此行的感受:“如果你对内地制造业有信心,请你去深圳;如果你想批判内地制造业,请你去深圳。”那么,跟随我们到深圳看看吧。

果蔬保鲜膜

加拿大制造了一种新的果蔬保鲜膜,其有效成分是在加工角质素(虾类、甲虫外壳中含的一种物质)时提取的。将含这种有效成分的液体喷涂在果蔬表面即能形成一种可透气的薄膜。果蔬由于薄膜的缓慢透气作用而处于“催眠”状态。

决战99?

98年HP在PC领域取得了10％-20％的增长,在服务业务上,也取得了超过50％的增长……

QAD跻身美国四大ERP厂商

QAD在近日美国公布的一项市场调查中成为美国第四大制造业ERP软件供应商。该公司也是美国最大的基于Unix及Windows NT的企业解决方案供应商。 这一结果来自美国权威研究机构——Yankee Group。该机构最近完成一项环球企业软件表现调查。

Manufacturing of ultra-large plate forgings by unfolding and flattening of thick cylinders

Ultra-large plate forgings are foundation of heavy machinery,but many parts of the type cannot be made by conventional technologies due to the characters of extreme manufacturing in terms of size and quality requirements.This paper introduced a systematically method called cylinder unfolding method(CUM)for producing large plate forgings,by using a serial of operations including“splitting”,“unfolding”,and“flattening”of a thick cylinder obtained from saddle forging.The technological route of CUM was presented in detail with an example of plate forging with the horizontal sizes of 6100 mm and thickness of 300 mm.The deformation features of saddle forging for fabricating transitional cylinders were analyzed,and then the subsequent handling steps including splitting,unfolding and flattening of the cylinder,as well as the auxiliary processing,were addressed.The practice proved that CUM can provide an efficient way for manufacturing ultra-large plate forgings and meet the strict requirements in geometry and mechanical performance,without highly increasing the investments of forming equipment and tooling.

A Review and Outlook of the Centennial of China’s Industrialization:The CPC’s Industrialization Strategy

Industrialization has been a dream for the Chinese nation since modern history and a goal of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Ever since its founding in 1921,the CPC has been exploring a path for China’s industrial development based on socialism as the political and institutional premise.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the Chinese people have established a socialist system under the CPC’s leadership and carried out industrial development for over seven decades in the world’s most populous country,blazing a new trail of socialist industrialization with Chinese characteristics.Under the CPC’s leadership,China established an independent and complete industrial system in less than three decades from 1949 to 1978,and developed into the world’s largest industrial power with the most complete industrial sectors in over three decades from 1979 to 2016.In its future industrial development,China aims to complete new-type industrialization by 2035,build a modern economic system,reach the level of moderately developed countries in terms of GDP per capita,and develop into a major world industrial power by the centennial of the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 2049.

High Purity and Large-scale Preparation of β-Ga_2O_3 Nanowires and Nanosheets by CVD and Their Raman and Photoluminescence Characteristics

Ga2O3 nano-structures, nanowires and nanosheets are produced on Au pre-coated(111) silicon substrates with chemical vapor deposition(CVD) technique. By evaporating pure Ga powder in the H2O atmosphere under ambient pressure the large-scale preparation of β-Ga2O3 with monoclinic crystalline structure is achieved. The crystalline structures and morphologies of produced Ga2O3 nano-structures are characterized by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), selected area electron diffraction(SAED) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). Raman spectrum reveals the typical vibration modes of Ga2O3. The vibration mode shifts corresponding to Ga2O3 nano-structures are not found. Two distinguish photoluminescence(PL) emissions are found at about 399 nm and 469 nm owing to the VO-VGa excitation and VO-VGa-O excitation, respectively. The growth mechanisms of Ga2O3 nanowires and nanosheets are discussed with vapor-liquid-solid(VLS) and vapor-solid(VS) mechanisms.

Fabrication of High-power White LEDs and White Light Uniformity Testing

As the blue and yellow lights are complementary colors, a blue InGaN LED chip is coated hy a yellow phosphor film to generate white light based on luminescence conversion mechanism. The emitted light of a blue LED is used as the primary source for exciting fluorescent material such as cerium doped yttrium aluminum garnet with the formula Y3Al2O12 ： Ce^3＋ （in short： YAG ： Ce^3＋ ）. The matching of the spectrum of the blue LED chips and the YAG ： Ce^3＋ yellow phosphor is studied to improve the conversion efficiency. The packaging methods and manufacturing processes for high power single chip-white LEDs are introduced. The uniformity of the output white light is investigated. Based on the characteristics of the high power white LEDs, some approaches and processes are suggested to improve the light uniformity when they are fabricated. The effectiveness of those approaches on the improvement of LEDs is discussed in detail and some interesting conclusions are also presented.

Widespread Hotel： An Innovative Made in Italy Model for Cultural Tourism and Local Sustainable Development The Umbria＇s Case

Widespread hotels represent a new Italian phenomenon still not much investigated, both on theoretical and empirical side, which cannot be ignored anymore. Indeed they meet the need to implement techniques and management tools which are able to improve the culture-tourism binomial. This would permit to transform into valid instruments of national economical development, the shared declaration of intents for which culture and tourism, especially in Italy and in this particular fragile period, represent even more the main strategic levers for the sustainable development. This article intends to describe the potentiality of these widespread hotels as innovations particularly suitable with trends recently emerged in tourism sector and outline the phenomenon pattern in ltaly with particular attention on Umbria region, in order to identify his main strength and weakness and some innovation to improve performance. To this end, it starts from the analysis of the national and international economic-managerial literature concerning in particular cultural and experienced trends shown in tourism. Then it introduces the main acquisitions about widespread hotels in Italy, updating and extending them through a desk survey based on indirect sources of various natures. Lastly, it describes the case of Umbria, analyzing more in depth making use of interviews with entrepreneurs/managers of hotels and based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The aspects of indeterminateness which were found, starting from the normative one, testify how the potentiality of the widespread hotels as far as regards the value creation for the enterprise itself and the territorial stakeholder, are still not properly understood and therefore used. It is clear that, therefore, new behaviors are needed for entrepreneurs and, most importantly, for local policy makers in order to create the conditions for the full success of these hospitality models.

A Graph-based Ant Colony Optimization Approach for Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling

This paper considers an ant colony optimization algorithm based on AND/OR graph for integrated process planning and scheduling(IPPS). Generally, the process planning and scheduling are studied separately. Due to the complexity of manufacturing system, IPPS combining both process planning and scheduling can depict the real situation of a manufacturing system. The IPPS is represented on AND/OR graph consisting of nodes, and undirected and directed arcs. The nodes denote operations of jobs, and undirected/directed arcs denote possible visiting path among the nodes. Ant colony goes through the necessary nodes on the graph from the starting node to the end node to obtain the optimal solution with the objective of minimizing makespan. In order to avoid local convergence and low convergence, some improved strategy is incorporated in the standard ant colony optimization algorithm. Extensive computational experiments are carried out to study the influence of various parameters on the system performance.

Study in the design and manufacture process of the elastic cable anchor box in steel box girder of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a large span suspension bridge with three pylons. The elastic cables are installed to connect the steel tower and the steel box girder. The constraints can increase the safety coefficient of the middle saddle, and improve the stress conditions of the middle pylon and decrease the deflection in the middle of the main girder, as well as the longitudinal displacement of the main girder caused by live loads. The anchorage boxes of the elastic cable are installed in the wind fairing outside the vertical web plate of the box girder. Two anchor boxes form a pair and are arranged parallelly. Eight anchor boxes are installed in the bridge. In this paper, the design scheme and the technical difficulties in manufacturing are briefly discussed with the precision control techniques.

Tectonic Mechanism of the Suining(Ms5.0) Earthquake,Center of Sichuan Basin,China

On Jan.31 of 2010,the Suining earthquake occurred at Suining City whch is located the center of Sichuan Basin.It is unusual for the strong earthquake to occur at the center of Sichuan Basin with a stable geotectonic environment and a low-level historical seismicity.The macro-epicenter of the earthquake is located at Moxi town of Suining city,Sichuan province,China.The earthquake intensity of the epicenter area is degree VII,and the long axis of the isoseismal line trends in NE orientation.The Suining earthquake caused the collapse or destruction of 460 family houses.The earthquake focal mechanism solution and records of the near-field seismographic stations showed the earthquake occurred at the reverse fault at a depth 34 km.Based on the waveform and focal mechanism,we consider the Suning earthquake is triggered by the reverse fault and not by the gravitational collapse or man-made explosive sources.Basing on seismic refraction profile and borehole,we consider that the earthquake is triggered by the backthrust fault of Moxi anticline rooted in detachments at a depth 3-4 km.Furthermore,we infer that tectonic mechanism of the Suining(Ms5.0) Earthquake is driven by the horizontal crustal shortening and stress adjustment on a shallow detachment after the Wenchuan(Ms 8.0) earthquake.

Mass transport in nanofluidic devices

Nanofluidics is a recent appearing research field, introduced in 1995 as an analogue of the field of microfluidics, and has been becoming popular in the past few years. The proximity of the channel dimension, the Debye length, and the size of biomolecules such as DNA and proteins gives the unique features of nanofluidic devices. Of various unique properties of the nanofluidics, mass transport in nanochannel plays determining roles in fundamental reaches and practical applications of nanofluidic device. Thus, much work including numerical and experimental researches has been performed to investigate the mass transport behaviors in nanofluidic devices. This review summarizes the fabrication technologies for nanofluidic devices, the mass transport behaviors in nanochannel, and their applications in bioanalysis. The main focus will be laid on the effects of nanochannel size and surface charge on mass transport including electrokinetic transport of charged analytes, diffusion of electric neutral molecules, ionic current rectification, concentration polarization, nonlinear electrokinetic flow at the micro-nanofluidic interfaces.

Atmospheric Excitation of Polar Motion

The polar motion excited by the fluctuation of global atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) is investigated. Based on the global AAM data, numerical results demonstrate that the fluctuation of AAM can excite the seasonal wobbles (e.g., the 18-month wobble) and the Chandler wobble, which agree well with previous studies. In addition, by filtering the dominant low frequency components, some distinct polar wobbles corresponding to some great diurnal and semi-diurnal atmospheric tides are found.