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具有Poisson大周期的股票价格过程及期权定价
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作者 郑晓阳 徐润章 《哈尔滨理工大学学报》 CAS 2004年第4期52-53,58,共3页
在Black F.和Scholes M的几何Brown运动股票价格模型基础上,引入了具有大周期的股票价格过程,建立了具有Poisson大周期的股票价格模型,该模型比传统的几何Brown运动模型更精确地反映了市场中的股票运动规律,并对该模型进行了期权定价的... 在Black F.和Scholes M的几何Brown运动股票价格模型基础上,引入了具有大周期的股票价格过程,建立了具有Poisson大周期的股票价格模型,该模型比传统的几何Brown运动模型更精确地反映了市场中的股票运动规律,并对该模型进行了期权定价的研究。 展开更多
关键词 大周期模型 几何Brown运动 期权定价
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Effects of carbohydrate supplements on exercise-induced menstrual dysfunction and ovarian subcellular structural changes in rats
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作者 Can Zhao Xiao-Li Liu +3 位作者 Run-Xiao Hong He Li Rena Li Ren-Wei Wang 《Journal of Sport and Health Science》 SCIE 2014年第3期189-195,共7页
Background: Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction (EAMD) is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad (FAT), a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, w... Background: Exercise-associated menstrual dysfunction (EAMD) is a common health problem in female athletes as a part of female athlete triad (FAT), a condition related to low energy availability. In this study, we explored the possibility that carbohydrate supplements can improve the status of EAMD and prevent exercise-induced ovarian injury in a FAT rat model. This research aimed to provide experimental evidence with regard to the relationship of energy intervention and EAMD. Methods: Forty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats (2 months old) were randomly divided into five experimental groups: control group (C), 9-week exercise as model for EAMD (E), post-EAMD recovery group (R), oligosaccharide intervention group (O), and glucose intervention group (G). All rats were sacrificed at the end of 9 weeks. Serum samples were collected for measuring gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 1713-estradiol and progesterone levels. The ovaries were taken for investigation of exercise- and carbohydrate-induced follicular subcellular structure changes. Results: Exercise induced irregular menstrual cycles and ovary subcellular structural damages, such as swollenness of mitochondria in rats from groups E and R. Both glucose and oligosaccharide supplements restored well-differentiated mitochondria in the ovarian follicular cells, and a significant improvement of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi in swollenness in theca cells in groups O and G compared to groups C, E, and R. There was no difference in mitochondria subcellular structural changes between groups O and G. Group E showed attenuation of serum levels of 17β-estradiol and progesterone compared to C. There were no differences of 17β-estradiol serum levels among groups O, G, and R, while group G showed a lower level of progesterone than C. Conclusion: Female adult rats with 9-week continuous exercise can cause menstrual dysregulation as a model for EAMD. Post-EAMD intervention with glucose and oligosaccharide intake can normalize the menstrual cycle, restore the follicular subcellular structure, and reverse the exercise-induced reduction of ovary sex hormones. It suggests a positive feedback of hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis might be involved in the molecular mechanisms of energy intake in treating EAMD. 展开更多
关键词 Carbohydrate supplement ESTRADIOL Estrous cycle restrain Follicular subcellular injury Ovary PROGESTERONE RATS
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