大型综合医院检验科使用后评价

以运行了9年的山西白求恩医院检验科为实例,对其科室功能布局、空调与排风系统以及给排水系统、检验科内装饰三个方面进行使用后评价,总结经验和教训,并提出相关建议。

太原市人民政府关于印发太原地区“一网两库”科技资源整合共建共享管理暂行办法的通知

各县(市、区)人民政府,各有关单位:《太原地区"一网两库"科技资源整合共建共享管理暂行办法》已经市政府同意,现印发你们,请遵照执行。

LHAASO水切伦科夫探测器阵列时钟原型系统

介绍了LHAASO WCDA读出电子学时钟原型系统的设计,分析了该时钟系统的设计原理,介绍了测试方法和测试结果。该原型系统基于精简的White Rabbit Project原理设计,主要包括时钟源插件、时钟发送插件和时钟接收模块3部分。对该原型系统的测试结果表明,时钟接收模块上两时钟通道之间的时钟偏差可以调整到<80 ps,时钟抖动<40 ps,可满足LHAASO WCDA读出电子学设计需求。

行业“百科全书”问世 《商用汽车图文集成》出版上市

4月26日,由商用汽车杂志社主编、清华大学出版社出版的大型图书《商用汽车图文集成》在北京车展期间召开新书发布仪式,多家媒体代表、作者代表和读者代表共同见证了该书的发行。据该书执行主编肖献法介绍,《商用汽车图文集成》一书,是站在行业高度,按照时代诉求,按照统一格式和要求撰写而成的一部大型百科类图书;注重技术性,兼顾政策性、市场性,并具有一定的学术价值。

CHARACTERISTICS OF MIDDLE EAST JET STREAM DURING SEASONAL TRANSITION AND ITS RELATION WITH INDIAN SUMMER MONSOON ONSET

By using the NCEP/NCAR pentad reanalysis data from 1968 to 2009, the variation characteristics of Middle East jet stream(MEJS) and its thermal mechanism during seasonal transition are studied. Results show that the intensity and south-north location of MEJS center exhibit obvious seasonal variation characteristics. When MEJS is strong, it is at 27.5°N from the 67 th pentad to the 24 th pentad the following year; when MEJS is weak, it is at 45°N from the 38 th pentad to the 44 th pentad. The first Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) mode of 200-hPa zonal wind field shows that MEJS is mainly over Egypt and Saudi Arabia in winter and over the eastern Black Sea and the eastern Aral Sea in summer. MEJS intensity markedly weakens in summer in comparison with that in winter. The 26th-31 st pentad is the spring-summer transition of MEJS, and the 54th-61 st pentad the autumn-winter transition. During the two seasonal transitions, the temporal variations of the 500-200 hPa south-north temperature difference(SNTD) well match with 200-hPa zonal wind velocity, indicating that the former leads to the latter following the principle of thermal wind. A case analysis shows that there is a close relation between the onset date of Indian summer monsoon and the transition date of MEJS seasonal transition. When the outbreak date of Indian summer monsoon is earlier than normal, MEJS moves northward earlier because the larger SNTD between 500-200 hPa moves northward earlier, with the westerly jet in the lower troposphere over 40°-90°E appearing earlier than normal, and vice versa.

EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS ON AUTUMN PRECIPITATION OVER MID-EASTERN CHINA

Long-term observational data indicated a decreasing trend for the amount of autumn precipitation(i.e. 54.3 mm per decade) over Mid-Eastern China, especially after the 1980s(~ 5.6% per decade). To examine the cause of the decreasing trend, the mechanisms associated with the change of autumn precipitation were investigated from the perspective of water vapor transportation, atmospheric stability and cloud microphysics. Results show that the decrease of convective available potential energy(i.e. 12.81 J kg-1/ decade) and change of cloud microphysics, which were closely related to the increase of aerosol loading during the past twenty years, were the two primary factors responsible for the decrease of autumn precipitation. Our results showed that increased aerosol could enhance the atmospheric stability thus weaken the convection. Meanwhile, more aerosols also led to a significant decline of raindrop concentration and to a delay of raindrop formation because of smaller size of cloud droplets. Thus, increased aerosols produced by air pollution could be one of the major reasons for the decrease of autumn precipitation. Furthermore, we found that the aerosol effects on precipitation in autumn was more significant than in other seasons, partly due to relatively more stable synoptic systems in autumn. The impact of large-scale circulation dominant in autumn and the dynamic influence on precipitation was more important than the thermodynamic activity.

POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOUTH CHINA SEA SSTA, SOIL MOISTURE ANOMALIES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA AND SUMMER PRECIPITATION IN EASTERN CHINA

By using 1958-2001 NOAA extended reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST) data, ERA40 reanalysis soil moisture data and precipitation data of 444 stations in China(east of 100°E), the possible relationships among South China Sea(SCS) SST anomaly(SSTA), soil moisture anomalies(SMA) and summer precipitation in eastern China as well as their possible physical processes are investigated. Results show that the SSTA of SCS bears an evidently negative correlation with spring soil moisture in the east part of Southwest China. More(less) precipitation happens in the Yangtze River basin and less(more) in the Southeast China in summer when the SSTA of SCS is higher(lower) than normal and the soil in the east part of Southwest China is dry(wet) in spring. Further analysis shows that when the SSTA of SCS is high(low), the southwesterly wind at low level is weak(strong), decreasing(increasing) the water vapor transport in South China, resulting in reduced(increased) spring precipitation in the east part of Southwest China and more(less) soil moisture in spring. Through the evaporation feedback mechanism, the dry(wet) soil makes the surface temperature higher(lower) in summer, causing the westward extension(eastward retreat) of the West Pacific Subtropical High, eventually leading to the summer precipitation anomalies.

THE INTENSITY VARIATION OF THE SUMMER INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE IN WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC AND ITS IMPACT ON TROPICAL CYCLONES

Based on the satellite data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the variation of the intensity of convection over the Intertropical Convergence Zone （ITCZ） in summer and its impacts on tropical cyclones are studied. In this paper, an intensity index of the ITCZ is proposed according to Outgoing Longwave Radiation （OLR） in the region of （5°-20°N, 120°-150°E） in the western North Pacific （WNP）. Then strong and weak ITCZ years are classified and different variables during the strong/weak ITCZ years are analyzed. The composite results show that the ITCZ anomaly is connected to the general atmospheric circulation and SST distribution. In the strong ITCZ years, the subtropical anticyclone weakens and shifts northward. Besides, there is salient cyclonic anomaly at the low level and anticyclonic anomaly at the high level. SST patterns in the preceding winter resemble to those of La Nifia. It could persist into the succeeding summer. However, it is opposite in the weak ITCZ years. The impact of the ITCZ anomaly on the tropical cyclone （TC） formation and track is also discussed. There are more TCs over the WNP （5°-20°N, 120°-150°E） in the strong ITCZ years and there is a significant increase in the northward recurving TCs. In the weak ITCZ years, fewer TCs occur and the frequency of the northwestward track is higher.

The Social Enrichment and Training of Large Cats and Cheetahs

Environmental enrichment increases the expression of behavior and welfare. The aim of the study was to analyze situation of the social enrichment （training） of big cats and cheetahs in Czech and Slovak zoos based on the evaluation questionnaire. It was found out that social enrichment, as part of the environmental enrichment, was used in 50% of animal, 16 animal get training only. A lot of animal had positive reactions on enrichment.

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR THE EFFECTS OF TWO MODEL INITIALIZATION SCHEMES ON RAINFALL FORECAST IN THE 2008 FLOODING SEASON

In this paper, based on heavy rain numerical forecast model AREM(Advanced Regional Eta Model), two different initialization schemes, LAPS and GRAPES-3DVAR, are used to run assimilation experiments of AREM-LAPS and AREM-3DVAR with the same data source(NCEP forecast field, surface data and radio-soundings) during the period from 21 May to 30 July 2008 to investigate the effect of the two initialization schemes on the rainfall simulation. The result suggests that:(1) the forecast TS score by the AREM-LAPS is higher than that by the AREM-3DVAR for rainfall in different areas, at different valid time and with different intensity, especially for the heavy rain, rainstorm and extremely heavy rain;(2) the AREM-3DVAR can generally simulate the average rainfall distribution, but the forecast area is smaller and rainfall intensity is weaker than the observation, while the AREM-LAPS significantly improves the forecast;(3) the AREM-LAPS gives a better forecast for the south-north shift of rainfall bands and the rainfall intensity variation than the AREM-3DVAR;(4) the AREM-LAPS can give a better reproduction for the daily change in the mean-rainfall-rate of the main rain band, and rainfall intensity changes in the eastern part of Southwest China, the coastal area in South China, the middle-lower valleys of Yangtze river, the Valleys of Huaihe river, and Shandong peninsula, with the rainfall intensity roughly close to the observation, while the rainfall intensity simulated by the AREM-3DVAR is clearly weaker than the observation, especially in the eastern part of Southwest China; and(5) the comparison verification between the AREM-LAPS and AREM-3DVAR for more than 10 typical rainfall processes in the summer of 2008 indicates that the AREM-LAPS gives a much better forecast than AREM-3DVAR in rain-band area, rainfall location and intensity, and in particular, the rainfall intensity forecast is improved obviously.

The spring prediction barrier in ENSO hindcast experiments using the FGOALS-g model

The Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model-gamil (FGOALS-g) was used to study the spring prediction barrier (SPB) in an ensemble system. This coupled model was developed and maintained at the State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG). There are two steps in our hindcast experiments. The first is to integrate the coupled model continuously with sea surface temperature (SST) nudging, from 1971 to 2006. The second is to carry out a series of one-year hindcasts without SST nudging, by adopting initial values from the first step on January 1 st , April 1st , July 1st , and October 1st , from 1982 to 2005. We generate 10 ensemble members for a particular start date (1st ) by choosing different atmospheric and land conditions around the hindcast start date (1st through 10th ). To estimate the predicted SST, two methods are used: (1) Anomaly Correlation Coefficient and its rate of decrease; and (2) Talagrand distribution and its standard deviation. Results show that FGOALS-g offers a reliable ensemble system with realistic initial atmospheric and oceanic conditions, and high anomaly correlation (>0.5) within 6 month lead time. Further, the ensemble approach is effective, in that the anomaly correlation of ensemble mean is much higher than that of most individual ensemble members. The SPB exists in the FGOALS-g ensemble system, as shown by anomaly correlation and equal likelihood. Nevertheless, the role of the ensemble mean in reducing the SPB of ENSO prediction is significant. The rate of decrease of the ensemble mean is smaller than the largest deviations by 0.04-0.14. At the same time, the ensemble system "equal likelihood" declines during spring. An ensemble mean helps give a correct prediction direction, departing from largely-deviated ensemble members.

RETRIEVAL OF CLEAR SKY MOISTURE PROFILES IN THE PACIFIC USING MEASUREMENTS OF MICROWAVE HUMIDITY SOUNDER FROM FY-3A SATELLITE

An improved Smith iterative method, which generally applies to microwave bands, is described. The moisture profiles retrieved from the brightness temperature data of microwave humidity sounder onboard FY-3A satellite, pertaining to clear sky, are shown over western North Pacific by using a vector-discrete ordination radiative transfer model. The retrieved profiles are compared with those from MODIS products, and the results of single point show that they are in good agreement with the results for lower layers. The distribution of retrieved humidity at 500 hPa is basically consistent with the actual situation, and the values are lower than that of the MODIS products. Compared with MODIS products, RMS is within 5.76g/kg at every single level separately.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE IMPACT OF LATENT HEAT FLUX ANOMALY IN THE TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC ON PRECIPITATION OVER SOUTH CHINA IN JUNES

Based on composite analysis and numerical simulations using a regional climate model(RegCM3), this paper analyzed the impact of the LHF anomaly in the tropical western Pacific on the precipitation over the south of China in June. The results are as follows.(1) Correlation analysis shows that the SC precipitation in June is negatively correlated with the LHF of the tropical western Pacific in May and June, especially in May. The SC precipitation in June appears to negatively correlate with low-level relative vorticity in the abnormal area of LHF in the tropical western Pacific.(2) The LHF anomaly in the tropical western Pacific is a vital factor affecting the flood and drought of SC in June. A conceptual model goes like this: When the LHF in the tropical western Pacific is abnormally increased(decreased), an anomalous cyclone(anticyclone) circulation is formed at the low-level troposphere to its northwest. As a result, an anomalous northeast(southwest) air flow affects the south of China, being disadvantageous(advantageous) to the transportation of water vapor to the region. Meanwhile, there is an anomalous anticyclone(cyclone) at the low-level troposphere and an anomalous cyclone(anticyclone) circulation at the high-level troposphere in the region, which is advantageous for downdraft(updraft) there. Therefore a virtual circulation forms updraft(downdraft) in the anomalous area of LHF and downdraft(updraft) in the south of China, which finally leads to the drought(flood) in the region.

POSSIBLE INFLUENCE OF FEBRUARY-APRIL ARCTIC OSCILLATION ON THE ITCZ ACTIVITY OF WESTERN-CENTRAL PACIFIC

The daily patterns and activity of Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ) in the Western-Central Pacific Ocean are analyzed using NOAA interpolated Outgoing Longwave Radiation dataset during the period from 1979 to 2008, and the relationships between ITCZ patterns and Arctic Oscillation(AO) is investigated in this paper. In accordance with the central activity region the daily ITCZ can be divided into six patterns—north, south, equator, double, full and weak pattern, respectively. The statistic result shows that the north(accounting for 30.98% of the total observations), south(31.11%) and weak(24.05%) ITCZ patterns are the most active daily patterns within a 30-year period, while the other three ITCZ patterns occur infrequently. Results show that the February-April AO index has a significant positive(negative) correlation with the frequency of the north(weak) ITCZ pattern from March-May to August-October, with the strongest correlation in April-June(March-May). At the same time, the lower tropospheric atmosphere circulation(850-hPa wind field) and SST anomalies corresponding to the AO change significantly in the tropical Pacific. When AO is in the positive phase, there is an anomalous westerly from the equator to 15°N and warmer SST in the critical north ITCZ active region, while there is an anomalous easterly and insignificant change of SST from the equator to 15°S. The wind and SST anomalies share the same characteristics of the equatorial asymmetry and thus enlarge the gradient between the south and north of equator, which would help reinforce convection in the north of equator and result in more frequent occurrence of the northern type of ITCZ.

Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Esophageal and Gastric Cardiac Carcinoma Patients after Radical Surgery Using Cox Proportional Hazard Model-A Random Sampling Study from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University during the Period of 1996-2004

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze clinical data of patientsfrom our hospital who underwent radical surgery for esophagealcarcinoma and for adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia,as well asto investigate prognostic factors affecting the long-term survival ofthe patients.METHODS Data from the patients eligible for our study,admitted to the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University fromJanuary 1996 to December 2004,were randomized,and 12distinctive clinicopathologic factors influencing the survival rateof those who underwent radical surgery for esophageal carcinomaor carcinoma of the gastric cardia were collected.Univariate andmultivariate analysis of these individual variables were performedusing the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS It was shown by univariate analysis that age,tumorsize,pathologic type,lymph node status,TNM staging,depthof infiltration and encroachment into local organs,etc.,were thefactors that markedly influenced the prognosis of patients(P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that pathologic type,numberof the lymph node metastases,involvement of local organs,andTNM staging were independent prognostic factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The independent factors influencing theprognosis of patients with esophageal cancer and carcinoma ofthe gastric cardia include pathologic type,number of lymph nodemetastases,involvement of local organs and TNM staging.Themain prognostic factors affecting the patient's survival are patientage,tumor size and depth of infiltration.In addition,patients withinvolvement of the local organs have a worse prognosis,and theyshould be closely followed up.

Situation and Development of Innovative Research Universities Engineering Science and Technology Talents

Teaching and research universities cultivate innovative talents that should have the following characteristics： a strong curiosity and thirst for knowledge, strong ability of self-learning and exploration. They should primarily get engaged in applied basic research, focus on knowledge development and operational needs of the basic technology for logic systems, and acquire subject knowledge and expertise, technological innovation. They should have a good moral training, be able to work or live together with others; have good health and good human qualities, be able to take hard work. For the purposes of teaching and Research University, it is to foster innovative talents, we must adhere to the fundamental status of undergraduate teaching, and gradually promote the study of teaching; we must adhere to the path of industry-university cooperation; students in general education system must be established.

Reform of College English Teaching in Private Universities on the Basis of Cultivating Applied Talents

With the deepening of the reform of college English teaching in our country, the demand of the society for foreign language talents is diversified. The private universities aim to explore the new mode of college English teaching which is suitable for the cultivation of applied talents. On the basis of analyzing the existing problems of college English teaching in private universities, this paper proposes suggestive measures to enhance the construction of teaching staff, ameliorate the teaching and research level, improve the teaching methods and optimize the teaching effect, understand the students and tailor their learning, help them change their learning ideas and strengthen self- learning consciousness, so as to further deepen the reform of college English teaching.

Discussion of the process control of large-scale instruments and equipment procurement in State Key Laboratory

In recent years,the usage,management and benefit of large-scale scientific research instruments and equipment in scientific research institutes have been a leading issue in the management of scientific research institutes.Within the scope of equipment budget,it is necessary for each equipment acquisition team to conduct a round of communication,coordination and negotiation with suppliers in order to improve the cost performance of equipment procurement and maximize the performance index to meet the needs of scientific research.By introducing the practical experience of the State Key Laboratory in purchasing imported equipment and managing large-scale instruments,this paper probes into the management process of the imported large-scale scientific research tax-free equipment of scientific research institutes,and explores the system and methods to guarantee and improve the efficiency of large-scale instruments in scientific research institutes from the aspects of policy,funds and technology.